【资格考试】2019最新整理-(备考辅导)Napoleon and Chess 拿破仑与国际象棋

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2019年翻译资格考试中级笔译冲刺试题七

英译汉EcotourismThe ideas behind ecotourism are not new. Rooted in the conservation and environmental movements in the United States over the past 150 years - spurred by the writings of Thoreau, Muir, and before them, Buddhist and other philosophical ideologies - ecotourism is a new application for an age-old concept of stewardship. It recognizes the interconnections of all life and the importance of maintaining a balance between human needs and those of existing ecosystems.Perhaps Aldo Leopold's famous Land Ethic best captures the philosophical essence of stewardship: "a thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community... it is wrong if it does otherwise." In diversity there is stability. Ecotourism is really nothing more than the application of this philosophy to the self-enriching discovery made possible through travel. It is a process and an ethic, not an end in itself.Ecotourism (often including rural tourism, heritage/cultural tourism, nature-based tourism, and adventure/experience-based tourism) has demonstrated growth far in excess of the so-called "mass tourism" market by posting 30% annual increases between 1995 and 2000. This increase can be compared to the 8% growth in mass tourism over the same period.According to the Travel Industry Association of America, over 50% of the U. S. adult traveling public ——147 million people ——have taken an "adventure" trip in theirlifetime. Included on this "adventure" activity roster are camping, hiking and biking. Though a small portion of the overall tourism industry, ecotourism's profit margin tends to exceed that of mass tourism. Last year, the average ecotourism two-week package cost is $ 3,500.Ecotourism has both the potential to change the way we view travel and to provide the means to care for our diverse and rich resources. Western society (about l.2 billion people) cannot bring the remaining 5.l billion people in less developed countries up to the Western consumptive "standard of living" without exhausting the earth's resources. Ecotourism creates a situation where both the West and the less developed societies can converge toward the middle. Ecotourism is the "common ground" because it fundamentally changes the economic dynamics of business. Ecotourism recognizes the ecological and cultural costs of doing business as well as champions "local economy", i.e., the community becomes strong and cohesive by what's developed and sustainably managed on a local level.As a part of the service industry, ecotourism promotes what Alan During, in his important book How Much is Enough? calls the "shift from material to non-material ends". This shift is the only viable way in which human demands made on the environment will not overrun the carrying capacity of the planet. is Ecotourism is in fundamental opposition to consumption as a means to fulfillment; rather, the sense of place, the excitement of experience, and the opportunity of learning become the overriding products " sold" to ecotourists. These ecotourism "products" are based uponpreserving and protecting the original cultures and environments, not upon transforming them into some Disneyland-like fantasy-world.Increasingly, a conservation ethic and a viable process of development have emerged from the ecotourism movement, or perhaps vice versa. The ecotourism ethic has been defined by the Ecotourism Society to mean: "responsible travel that conserves the natural environs and sustains the well-being of local people. Ecotourism offers travelers the means to assist personally and locally in the conservation of threatened environments and to support communities directly that are seeking viable economic alternatives to cycles of poverty and environmental destruction." This non-profit organization is working to raise public support for implementing ecotourism principles and practices around the world.The concerted effort by policy makers, businesses, recreation managers and organizations such as the World Wildlife Fund and Conservation International to define and make ecotourism a mainstream practice is promising. We in the Western industrialized nations have an incredible opportunity for restorative and regenerative change through ecotourism. There seems to be little doubt that tourism will continue to grow; the most important question remains: Will it be ecologically responsible and sustainable?The responsibility clearly rests with ourselves to care for an environmental and cultural diversity which historically we have used merely to serve our needs - and our needs only. Ecotourism, as a model, process and ethic, offers an opportunity to putrespect for our earth into practice in a way that all people can enjoy its beauty and benefits.参考译文生态旅游生态旅游的理念并不新鲜，它是在梭罗、缪尔的著述、以及之前的佛教等思想体系的启发下形成的，并植根于美国150年来的野生动物和环境保护运动中，是一种对古老的资源管理概念的新的发挥。

英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]

英语四级考试：2019年06月考试真题和答案解析[第3套]Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the following question.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Suppose a foreign friend of yours is coming to visit China, what is the first place you would like totake him/her to see and why?_________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________Part IIListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations.At the end ofeach conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After each question there will be apause.During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, anddecide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.1.A.It was mainly meant for cancer patients.B.It might appeal more to viewers over 40.C.It was frequently interrupted by commercials.D.It could help people of all ages to avoid cancer.2.A.The man admires the woman's talent in writing.B.The woman took a lot of pictures at the contest.C.The woman is a photographer.D.The man is fond of traveling.3.A.The man placed the reading list on a desk.B.The man regrets being absent-minded.C.The woman saved the man some trouble.D.The woman emptied the waste paper basket.4.A.He has left the army recently.B.He quit teaching in June.C.He has taken over his brother's business.D.He opened a restaurant near the school.5.A.She read only part of the book.B.She is interested in reading novels.C.She seldom reads books from cover to cover.D.She was eager to know what the book was about.6.A.She called to say that her husband had been hospitalized.B.She was absent all week owing to sickness.C.She was seriously injured in a car accident.D.She had to be away from school to attend to her husband.7.A.The man lives two blocks away from the Smiths.B.The woman is not sure if she is on the right street.C.The Smiths' new house is not far from their old one.D.The speakers want to rent the Smiths' old house.8.A.The man couldn't find his car in the parking lot.B.The man had a hard time finding a parking space.C.The woman found they had got to the wrong spot.D.The woman was offended by the man's late arrival.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.The hotel clerk couldn't find his reservation for that night.B.The hotel clerk tried to take advantage of his inexperience.C.The hotel clerk had put his reservation under another name.D.The hotel clerk insisted that he didn't make any reservation.10.A.A grand wedding was being held in the hotel.B.It was a busy season for holiday-makers.C.The hotel was undergoing major repairs.D.There was a conference going on in the city.11.A.It was free of charge on weekends.B.It was offered to frequent guests only.C.It had a 15% discount on weekdays.D.It was 10% cheaper than in other hotels.12.A.Demand compensation from the hotel.B.Find a cheaper room in another hotel.C.Ask for an additional discountplain to the hotel manager.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13.A.Secretary of Birmingham Medical School.B.Head of the Overseas Students Office.C.Assistant Director of the Admissions Office.D.An employee in the city council at Birmingham.14.A.A small number are from the Far East.B.A large majority are from Latin America.C.About fifteen percent are from Africa.D.Nearly fifty percent are foreigners.15.A.She will have more contact with students.B.She will be more involved in policy-making.C.It will be less demanding than her present job.D.It will bring her capability into fuller play.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages.At the end of each passage, you will hearsome questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce.After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.Her parents immigrated to America.B.Her parents set up an ice-cream store.C.Her parents left Chicago to work on a farm.D.Her parents thrived in the urban environment.17.A.He was born with a limp.B.He taught English in Chicago.C.He worked to become an executive.D.He was crippled in a car accident.18.A.She was fascinated by American culture.B.She was very generous in offering help.C.She was highly devoted to her family.D.She was fond of living an isolated life.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.He was seriously injured.B.He was wrongly diagnosed.C.He developed a strange disease.D.He suffered a nervous breakdown.20.A.He raced to the nursing home.B.He was able to talk again.C.He could tell red and blue apart.D.He could not recognize his wife.21.A.Two and a half months.B.Twenty-nine days.C.Fourteen hours.D.Several minutes.22.A.They released a video of his progress.B.They avoided appearing on television.C.They welcomed the publicity in the media.D.They declined to give details of his condition.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.For farmers to exchange their daily necessities.B.For people to share ideas and show farm “products.C.For officials to educate the farming community.D.For farmers to celebrate their harvests.24.A.By offering to do volunteer work at the fair.B.By bringing an animal rarely seen on nearby farms.C.By bringing a bag of grain in exchange for a ticket.D.By performing a special skill at the entrance.25.A.They help to increase the state governments' revenue.B.They contribute to the modernization of American farms.C.They remind Americans of the importance of agriculture.D.They provide a stage for people to give performances.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times.When the passage is read for the firsttime, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for thesecond time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have justheard.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what youhave written.Students' pressure sometimes comes from their parents.Most parents are (26) __________,butsomeofthemaren'tveryhelpfulwiththeproblemstheirsonsanddaughtershavein(27) __________college, and a few of them seem to go out of their way to add to their children'sdifficulties.For one thing, parents are often not (28) __________the kinds of problems their children face.They don't realize that the (29) __________is keener, that the required standards of work are higher, and that their children may not be prepared for the change.(30)__________to seeing A's andB's on high school report cards, they may be upset when their children's first semester college gradesare below that level.At their kindest, they may (31) __________inquire why John or Mary isn'tdoing better, whether he or she is tryingas hard as he or she should, and so on.At their worst, theymay (32) __________to take their children out of college, or (33)__________funds.Sometimes parents regard their children as extensions of themselves and think it only right and naturalthattheydeterminewhattheirchildrendowiththeirlives. Intheirinvolvementand(34)__________with their children, they forget that everyone is different and that each personmust develop in his or her ownway. They forgetthattheirchildren,whoarenowyoung(35)__________, must be the ones responsible for what they do and what they are.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.You may not use any ,of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Global warming is a trend toward warmer conditions around the world.Part of the warming isnatural; we have experienced a 20,000-year-long warming as the last ice age ended and the ice____36____away.However, we have already reached temperatures that are in____37____with other minimum-iceperiods, so continued warming is likely not natural.We are____38____to a predicted worldwide increase intemperatures____39____between 1℃ and 6℃ over the next 100 years.The warming will be more____40____insome areas, less in others, and some places may even cool off.Likewise, the____41____of this warming　will be very different depending on where you are-coastal areas must worry about rising sea levels,while Siberia and northern Canada may become more habitable (益居的) and____42____for humans than these areas are now.The fact remains, however, that it will likely get warmer, on____43____, everywhere.Scientists are in　general agreement that the warmer conditions we have been experiencing are at least in part the resultof a human-induced global warming trend.Some scientists_____44____that the changes we are seeing fallwithin the range of random (无规律的) variation--some years are cold, others warm, and we have justhad an unremarkable string of warm years____45____but that is becoming an increasingly rareinterpretation in the face of continued and increasing warm conditions.A.appealingB.averageC.contributingD.dramaticE.frequentlyF.impactG.line H.maintainI.melted J.persistK.ranging L.recentlyM.resolved N.sensibleO.shockSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.The End of the Book?A.Amazon, by far the largest bookseller in the country, reported on May 19 that it is now selling morebooks in its electronic Kindle format than in the old paper-and-ink format.That is remarkable,considering that the Kindle has only been around for four years.E-books now account for 14 percentof all book sales in this country and are increasing far faster than overall book sales.E-book salesare up 146 percent over last year, while hardback sales increased 6 percent and paperbacksdecreased 8 percent.B.Does this spell the doom of the physical book? Certainly not immediately, and perhaps not at all.What it does mean is that the book business will go through a transformation in the next decade orso more profound than any it has seen since Gutenberg introduced printing from moveable type inthe 1450s.C.Physical books will surely become much rarer in the marketplace.Mass market paperbacks, whichhave been declining for years anyway, will probably disappear, as will hardbacks for mysteries,thrillers,“omance fiction,”etc.Such books, which only rarely end up in permanent collections,either private or public, will probably only be available as e-books within a few years.Hardback andtrade paperbacks for“serious” nonfiction and fiction will surely last longer.Perhaps it will becomethe mark of an author to reckon with that he or she is Still published in hard copy.D.As for children's books, who knows? Children's_ books are like dog food in that the purchasers arenot the consumers, so the market (and the marketing) is inherently strange.E.For clues to the book's future, let's look at some examples of technological change and see whathappened to the old technology.F.One technology replaces another only because the new technology is better, cheaper, or both.Thegreater the difference, the sooner and more thoroughly the new technology replaces the old.Printingwith moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with theold-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin.A Bible--to be sure, a longbook--required vellum made from 300 sheepskins and countless man-hours of labor.Before printingarrived, a Bible cost more than a middle-class house.There were perhaps 50,000 books in all ofEurope in 1450.By 1500 there were 10 million.G.But while printing quickly caused the handwritten book to die out, handwriting lingered on(继续存在)well into the 16th century.Very special books are still occasionally produced on vellum, but they areone-of-a-kind show pieces.H.Sometimes a new technology doesn't drive the old one out, but only parts of it while forcing the restto evolve.The movies were widely predicted to drive live theater out of the marketplace, but theydidn't, because theater turned out to have qualities movies could not reproduce.Equally, TV wassupposed to replace movies but, again, did not. I.Movies did, however, fatally impact some parts of live theater.And while TV didn't kill movies, it didkill second-rate pictures, shorts, and cartoons.J.Nor did TV kill edy and drama shows (“Jack Benny,” “Amos and Andy,” “The Shadow”)all migrated to television.But because you can't drive a car and watch television at the same time,rush hour became radio's prime time, while music, talk, and news radio greatly enlarged theiraudiences.Radio is today a very different business than in the late 1940s and a much larger one.K.Sometimes old technology lingers for centtmes because of its symbolic power.Mounted cavalry (骑兵)replaced the chariot(二轮战车) on the battlefield around 1000 BC.But chariots maintained theirplace in parades and triumphs right up until the end of the Roman Empire 1,500 years later.Thesword hasn't had a militaryfunction for a hundred years, but is still part of an officer's full-dressuniform, precisely because a sword always symbolized “an officer and a gentleman.”L.Sometimes new technology is a little cranky(不稳定的) at first.Television repairman was a commonoccupation in the 1950s, for instance.And so the old technology remains as a backup.Steamshipscaptured the North Atlantic passenger business from sail in the 1840s because of its much greaterspeed.But steamships didn't lose their sails until the 1880s, because early marine engines had anasty habit of breaking down.Until ships became large enough (and engines small enough) to mounttwo engines side by side, they needed to keep sails.(The high cost of steam and the lesser need forspeed kept the majority of the world's ocean freight moving by sail until the early years of the 20th century.)M.Then there is the fireplace.Central heating was present in upper- and middle-class home by thesecond half of the 19th century.But functioning fireplaces remain to this day a powerful selling pointin a house or apartment.I suspect the reason is a deep-rooted love of fire.Fire was one of theearliest major technological advances for humankind, providing heat, protection, and cooked food (which is much easier to eat and digest).Human control of fire goes back far enough (over a millionyears) that evolution could have produced a genetic leaning towards fire as a central aspect ofhuman life.N.Books--especially books the average person could afford--haven't been around long enough toproduce evolutionary change in humans.But they have a powerfulhold on many people nonetheless,a hold extending far beyond their literary content.At their best, they are works of art and there is atactile (触觉的) pleasure in books necessarily lost in e-book versions.The ability to quickly thumbthrough pages is also lost.And a room with books in it induces, at least in some, a feeling notdissimilar to that of a fire in the fireplace on a cold winter's night.O.For these reasons I think physical books will have a longer existence as a commercial product thansome currently predict.Like swords, books have symbolic power.Like fireplaces, they induce a senseof comfort and warmth.And, perhaps, similar to sails, they make a useful backup for when the lightsgo out.46.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many people's prediction of itsdeath, the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen.for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage .is followed by some questions orunfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, Cand D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The question of whether our government should promote science and technology or the liberal artsin higher education isn't an either/or proposition (命题), although the current emphasis on preparingyoung Americans for STEM (science, technology, engineering, maths) -related fields can make it seem thatway.The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but alsoasserts that the study of the humanities (人文科学) and social sciences must remain central componentsof America's educational system at all levels.Both areas are critical to producing citizens who canparticipate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative (创新的) leaders, and benefit fromthe spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates' jobprospects as technological advances and changes in domestic andglobal markets transform professions inways that reduce wages and cut jobs.Under these circumstances, it's natural to look for what mayappear to be the most“practical” way out of the problem:“Major in a subject designed to get you ajob” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in thehumanities characterized as“soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run.Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received abroadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, andcommunicate easily.Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, asthere's little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play manydifferent roles over the course of their careers.The ones who will do the best in this new environmentwill be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible.The ability to draw upon everyavailable tool and .insight--picked up from science, arts, and technology--to solve the problems of thefuture, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and theUnited States.56.What does the latest congressional report suggest?A.STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.B.The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.C.The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students' spiritual life.D.Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.57.What is the main concern of students when they choose a major?A.Their interest in relevant subjects.B.The academic value of the courses.C.The quality of education to receive.D.Their chances of getting a good job.58.What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects?A.They benefit students in their future life.B.They broaden students' range of interests.C.They improve students' communication skills.D.They are essential to students' healthy growth.59.What kind of job applicants do employers look for?A.Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.B.Those who are good at solving practical problems.C.Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.D.Those who have received a well-rounded education.60.What advice does the author give to college students?A.Seize opportunities to tap their potential.B.Try to take a variety of practical courses.C.Prepare themselves for different job .options.D.Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Energy independence.It has a nice ring to it, doesn't it? If you think so, you're not alone, becauseenergy independence has been the dream of American presidents for decades, and never more so than inthe past few years, when the most recent oil price shock has been partly responsible for kicking off thegreat recession.“Energy independence” and its rhetorical(修辞的) companion “energy security', are, however, slipperyconcepts that are rarely thought through.What is it we want independence from, exactly?Most people would probably say that they want tobe independent from imported oil.But there arereasons that we buy all that off from elsewhere.The first reason is that we need it to keep our economy running.Yes, there is a trickle (涓涓细流)of biofuel (生物燃料) available, and more may become available, but most biofueis cause economic wasteand environmental destruction.Second, Americans have basically decided that they don't really want to produce all their Own oil.They value the environmental quality they preserve, over their off imports from abroad.Vast areas of theUnited States are off-limits to off exploration and production in the name of environmental protection.Towhat extent are Americans really willing to endure the environmental impacts of domestic energyproduction in order to cut back imports?Third, there are benefits to trade.It allows for economic efficiency, and when we buythings fromplaces that have lower production costs than we do, we benefit.And although you don't read about thismuch, the United States is also a large exporter of off products, selling about 2 million barrels ofpetroleum products per day to about 90 countries.There is no question that the United States imports a great deal of energy and, in fact, relies onthat steady flow to maintain its economy.When that flow is interrupted, we feel the pain in shortsupplies and higher prices.At the same time, we derive massive economic benefits when we buy themost affordable energy on the world market and when we engage in energy trade around the world.61.What does the author say about energy independence for America?A.It sounds very attractive.B.It ensures national security.C.It will bring oil prices down.D.It has long been everyone's dream.62.What does the author think of biofuels?A.They keep America's economy running healthily.B.They prove to be a good alternative to petroleum.C.They do not provide a sustainable energy supply.D.They cause serious damage to the environment63.Why does America rely heavily on off imports?A.It wants to expand its storage of crude oil.B.Its own oil reserves are quickly running out.C.It wants to keep its own environment intact.D.Its own oil production falls short of demand.64.What does the author say about oil trade?A.It proves profitable to both sides.B.It improves economic efficiency.C.It makes for economic prosperity.D.It saves the cost of oil exploration.65.What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A.To justify America's dependence on oil imports.B.To arouse Americans' awareness of the energy crisis.C.To stress the importance of energy conservation.D.To explain the increase of international oil trade.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.为了促进教育公平，中国已投入360亿元，用于改善农村地区教育设旋和加强中西部地区农村义务教育(compulsory education).这些资金用于改善教学设施、购买书籍，使l6万多所中小学受益.资金还用于购置音乐和绘画器材.现在农村和山区的儿童可以与沿海城市的儿童一样上音乐和绘画课.一些为接受更好教育而转往城市上学的学生如今又回到了本地农村学校就读.试题答案一、写作If l were to recommend the must-see city for a visitor to China．1 would undoubtedly come up with“Beijing”．Several reasons may account for my choice．First，as the capital city of China for over 700 years，Beijing is blessed with numerous tourist destinations of tremendous historical importance．These include the Great Wall，a famous line of defense；the Forbidden City，an enormous palace compound；the Temple of Heaven，a fascinating site of imperial worship；the Summer Palace，a wonderful imperial garden etc．Second，standing side by side with those brilliant symbols of the imperial past are artistic modern buildtngs such as the olympic Village，the Bird’S Nest Stadium and the Water Cube，as well as the characteristic Siheyuans and Hutongs，the very windows to Betjin9’S old ways of life．Third，home to Bering opera--a well-known traditional form of+art treasure--and thefamousspecialty PekingRoast Duck，Bering is ready to entertain any traveler’S eyes，ears and stomach．To summarize，Beijing is a city that a visitor to China should not miss．二、选择1.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.D7.C8.B9.A 10.D 11.A 12.D 13.C 14.D 15.B 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.D 23.B 24.C 25.C三、运用26.well-meanin927.adjusting to28.aware ofpetition30.Accustomed31.gently32.threaten33．cut off34.identification35.adults。

【资格考试】2019最新整理-(备考辅导)Placing emphasis

These two paragraphs are identical except for their final sentences:
ORIGINAL REVISION
True capitalists distrust governments, and don't think they make good arbiters of morality. They believe that individuals are best qualified to manage their own lives and pursue happiness in their own way. Freedom is what capitalists believe in, in other words.
True capitalists distrust governments, and don't think they make good arbiters of morality. They believe thatindividuals are best qualified to manage their own lives and pursue happiness in their own way. In other words, capitalists believe in freed整理-(备考辅导)Placing emphasis
______年______月______日
____________________部门
If you want to summon up emphasis, a far better technique than exclamation marks is to take advantage of the natural rhythm of English sentences. Here's an important rule good writers know explicitly or implicitly: he end of a sentence packs the most wallop. The most common sentence patter puts familiar information at the beginning of sentences, and new information at the ends of sentences. Thus each sentence can be seen to be a kind of little bridge to what has already been presented: the sentence starts out on familiar ground and then takes a step forward. Good writing consists of linking these many little steps into a sustained argumentative journey （of course with a few bold exceptions every so often）.

2019年11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案

2019年11月翻译资格考题二级英语笔译实务试卷及答案Passage 1“一带一路”倡议：实现金融互联互通的两个关键渠道开幕致辞国际货币基金组织总裁克里斯蒂娜•拉加德“一带一路”论坛，金融互联互通会议Belt and Road Initiative: Two Key Channels to Achieving Financial ConnectivityOpening RemarksBy Christine Lagarde, IMF Managing DirectorBelt and Road Forum Session on Financial ConnectivityApril 24, 2019Governor Yi, Minister Liu, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen — good morning! Zao Shang Hao!易行长，刘部长，尊敬的嘉宾，女士们、先生们——早上好! Zao Shang Hao!I would like to thank the People’s Bank of China and the Chinese Ministry of Finance for organizing this important event.首先，我想对中国人民银行和中国财政部组织这场重要的会议表示感谢。

As we meet during this beautiful springtime weather it brings to mind the words of the Chinese proverb, “ The whole year must be planned for in the spring.”在这个美丽的春天相聚，让人想起一句中国谚语——“一年之计在于春”。

Over the next three days we will consider the ways the Belt and Road Initiative —the BRI—can help better connect the world physically and financially for years to come. It is fitting that we begin these conversations with financial connectivity. Why? Because history teaches us that physical and financial connectivity go hand-in-hand.在接下来的三天中，我们将讨论未来若干年“一带一路”倡议将如何增进世界各国在基础设施和金融层面的互联互通。

(备考词汇专攻)2019届中考英语小复习 231-240(10份10组专题)

（备考词汇专攻）2019届中考英语小复习231-240（10份10组专题）§231 in / of均可用来表比较范围。

Ⅰ.of 表“属性”，意为“在同类中，最……”Ⅰ.in表“在……内”，意指“在某地或某范围之中最……”，其后接表地点或组织、机构等的名词，与比较对象不属同一范畴。

如：①Li Lei is the tallest of the three boys.②Li Lei is the tallest in our class.§232 in the future/in future这两个词组都有“在将来”的意思，但含义上有区别。

Ⅰ.in furture多指从现在开始近期的将来，在时间上包括现在。

如：①You must be more careful in furture. 你今后必须更加小心。

②He promised to give me more help in furture. 他答应今后给我更多的帮助。

Ⅱ.in the furture多指较遥远的将来的某一时间，在时间概念上一般不包括现在。

如：①Who can tell what will happen in the furture? 谁能说准将来会发生什么？②In the furture travel agencies may be organizing trips to the moon. 将来，旅行社可能会组织去月球的旅行。

[注] in the furture 的 furture 前加形容词时，不要去掉 the 。

如in the near/far /distant furture。

§233 in time/on timeⅠ.in time“及时”，指的是不迟到或在提前的时间之前做某事，后面可接不定式或for短语。

Ⅱ.on time“准时”，指按规定的时间或指定的时间做某事，后面不可以跟不定式或for短语。

2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案

2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案最近的雅思考试难度越来越大，真题是大家主要参考的内容，那么7月20号的考试是怎样的呢？今天就跟着一起来看看2019年7月20日雅思阅读考试真题及答案。

P1 Solving an Arctic Mystery 北极科考船（2014.10.25旧题）文章主旨：对北极科考船失踪事件的调查。

包含判断7，填空6参考答案：判断1-4：1. TRUE2. NOT GIVEN3. FALSE4. FALSE5. NOT GIVEN6. FALSE7.TRUE填空8-13：8. geology9. sonar10. manufactured11.water12.engines13.stories参考原文：TORONTO （AP）- One of two British explorer ships that disappeared in the Arctic more 160 years ago has been found，Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced Tuesday. The HMS Erebus and HMS Terror were last seen in the late 1840s. Canada announced in 2008 that it would search for the ships ledby British Arctic explorer Sir John Franklin.Harper， speaking in Ottawa， said it remains unclear which ship has been found，but images show there＇s enough information to confirm it＇s one of the pair.Franklin and 128 hand-picked officers and men vanished on an expedition begun in 1845 to find the fabled Northwest Passage. Franklin＇s disappearance prompted one of history＇s largest and longest rescue searches， from 1848 to 1859， which resulted in the passage＇s discovery.The route runs from the Atlantic to the Pacific through the Arctic archipelago. European explorers sought the passage as a shorter route to Asia， but found it rendered inhospitable by ice and weather.＂This is truly a historic moment for Canada，＂ said Harper，who was beaming， uncharacteristically. ＂This has been a great Canadian story and mystery and the subject of scientists，historians，writers and singers so I think we really have an important day in mapping the history of our country.＂Harper＇s government began searching for Franklin＇s ships as it looked to assert Canada＇s sovereignty over the Northwest Passage，where melting Arctic ice has unlocked the very shipping route Franklin was after.The original search for the ships helped open up parts of the Canadian Arctic for discovery back in the 1850s. Harper said the ship was found Sunday using a remotely operated underwater vehicle. The discovery comes shortly after a team of archeologists found a tiny fragment from the Franklin expedition. Searchers discovered an iron fitting that once helped support a boat from one of the doomed expedition＇s ships in the King William Island search area.Franklin＇s vessels are among the most sought-after prizes in marine archaeology. Harper said the discovery would shed light on what happened to Franklin＇s crew.Tantalizing traces have been found over the years，including the bodies of three crewmen discovered in the 1980s.The bodies of two English seamen - John Hartnell， 25， and Royal Marine William Braine， 33 - were exhumed in 1986. An expedition uncovered the perfectly preserved remains of a petty officer， John Torrington， 20， in an ice-filled coffin in 1984.Experts believe the ships were lost in 1848 after they became locked in the ice near King William Island and that the crews abandoned them in a hopeless bid to reach safety.The search for an Arctic passage to Asia frustrated explorers for centuries，beginning with John Cabot＇s voyage in 1497. Eventually it became clear that a passage did exist， but was too far north for practical use. Cabot， the Italian-British explorer，died in 1498 while trying to find it and the shortcut eluded other famous explorers including Henry Hudson and Francis Drake. No sea crossing was successful until Roald Amundsen of Norway completed his trip from 1903-1906.P2 蜂王（英文标题待补充）文章主旨：待补充参考答案：待补充参考原文：待补充P3 Nature works for Nature Works™PLA新型塑料（2017.10.14旧题）文章主旨：对一种新型塑料的特性的介绍参考答案：判断27-30：27. B28. C29. F30. A填空（流程图）31-34：31. starch32. fermentation33. condensation34. polymer单选35-38：35. B36. C37. A38. D单选39-40：39. A40. C参考原文：AA dozen years ago，scientists at Cargill got the idea of converting lactic acid made from corn into plastic while examining possible new uses for materials produced from corn wet milling processes. In the past，several efforts had been made to develop plastics from lactic acid，but with limited success. Achieving this technological breakthrough didn’t come easily， but in time the efforts did succeed. A fermentation and distillation process using com was designed to create a polymersuitable for a broad variety of applications.BAs an agricultural based firm， Cargill had taken this product as far as it could by 1997. The company needed a partner with access to plastics markets and polymerization capabilities， and began discussions with The Dow Chemical Company. The next step was the formation of the joint venture that created Cargill Dow LLC. Cargill Dow’s product is the world’s first commercially available plastic made from annually renewable resources such as com：Nature Works™ PLA is a family of packaging polymers （carbon-based molecules）made from non-petroleum based resources.Ingeo is a family of polymers for fibers made in a similar manner.CBy applying their unique technology to the processing of natural plant sugars，Cargill Dow has created a more environmentally friendly material that reaches the consumer in clothes，cups，packaging and other products. While Cargill Dow is a stand-alone business，it continues to leverage the agricultural processing， manufacturing and polymer expertise of the two parent companies in order to bring the best possible products to market.DThe basic raw materials for PLA are carbon dioxide and water. Growing plants， like com take these building blocks from the atmosphere and the soil. They are combined in the plant to make carbohydrates （sucrose and starch） through a process driven by photosynthesis. The process for making Nature Works PLA begins when a renewable resource such as corn is milled，separating starch from the raw material. Unrefined dextrose， inturn， is processed from the starch.ECargill Dow turns the unrefined dextrose into lactic acid using a fermentation process similar to that used by beer and wine producers. This is the same lactic acid that is used as a food additive and is found in muscle tissue in the human body. Through a special condensation process，a lactide is formed. This lactide is purified through vacuum distillation and becomes a polymer （the base for NatureWorks PLA） that is ready for use through a solvent-free melt process. Development of this new technology allows the company to “harvest” the carbon that living plants remove from the air through photosynthesis. Carbon is stored in plant starches，which can be broken down into natural plant sugars. The carbon and other elements in these natural sugars are then used to make NatureWorks PLA.FNature Works PLA fits all disposal systems and is fully compostable in commercial composting facilities. With the proper infrastructure， products made from this polymer can be recycled back to a monomer and re-used as a polymer. Thus， at the end of its life cycle， a product made from Nature Works PLA can be broken down into its simplest parts so that no sign of it remains.GPLA is now actively competing with traditional materials in packaging and fiber applications throughout the world； based on the technology’s success and promise，Cargill Dow is quickly becoming a premier player in the polymers market. This new polymer now competes head-on with petroleum-based materials like polyester. A wide range of products that vary inmolecular weight and crystallinity can be produced，and the blend of physical properties of PLA makes it suited for a broad range of fiber and packaging applications. Fiber and non-woven applications include clothing，fiberfill，blankets and wipes. Packaging applications include packaging films and food and beverage containers.HAs Nature Works PLA polymers are more oil- and grease-resistant and provide a better flavor and aroma barrier than existing petroleum-based polymers，grocery retailers are increasingly using this packaging for their fresh foods. As companies begin to explore this family of polymers，more potential applications are being identified. For example，PLA possess two properties that are particularly useful for drape fabrics and window furnishings. Their resistance to ultraviolet light is particularly appealing as this reduces the amount of fading in such fabrics， and their refractive index is low， which means fabrics constructed from these polymers can be made with deep colors without requiring large amounts of dye. In addition， sportswear makers have been drawn to the product as it has an inherent ability to take moisture away from the skin and when blended with cotton and wool， the result is garments that are lighter and better at absorbing moisture.IPLA combines inexpensive large-scale fermentation with chemical processing to produce a value-added polymer product that improves the environment as well. The source material for PLA is a natural sugar found in plants such as com and using such renewable feedstock presents several environmental benefits. As an alternative to traditional petroleum-based polymers，theproduction of PLA uses 20%-50% less fossil fuel and releases a lower amount of greenhouse gasses than comparable petroleumbased plastic；carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is removed when the feedstock is grown and is returned to the earth when the polymer is degraded. Because the company is using raw materials that can be regenerated year after year， it is both cost competitive and environmentally responsible.。

卓顶精文2019年上半年教师资格考试-英语学科知识与教学能力试题(高级中学)

2019年上半年中小学和幼儿园教师资格考试英语学科知识与教学能力试题（高级中学）一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）1.“The”inthephrase thedignityandthehonoris pronounced＿＿＿＿respectively.【真题1】(2019上)＿＿＿＿A.[ðə][ðɪ]B.[ðɪ][ðə]C.[ðəː][ðiː]D.[ðiː][ðəː]2./k/isnotfullypronouncedin＿＿＿＿.A.parkB.bicycleC.keyD.picture3.Takingphotographsofindividualsinprivateplaceswithouttheirconsent isnotacceptable,unless＿＿＿＿bythepublicinterest.A.justifiedB.freedC.pardonedD.forgiven4.Thenewly-marriedcouplewantedtofindahotelthatservicesgoodfoodandhasa bitof＿＿＿＿aswell.A.conditionsB.situationsC.environmentD.atmospherestSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.Theitalicizedphrasemeans＿＿＿＿.A.unexpectlyB.unhappilyC.untidilyD.unofficially6.—Whathappenedtotheglass?—＿＿＿＿.A.Theglassisbroken.B.Theglasswasbroken.C.Tombroketheglass.D.Tomhastheglass.7.There＿＿＿＿,themeettocomeispostphoned.A.isB.hasbeenC.beingD.tobe8.Itseemsthatshewasthereattheconferencemeans＿＿＿＿.A.Sheseemstobethereattheconference.B.Sheseemedtobethereattheconference.C.Sheseemstohavebeenthereattheconference.D.Sheseemstobeingthereattheconference.9.Thephenomenonof＿＿＿＿maybethefactortocausethefewestchangesintheEnglishlanguageinrecentyear s.A.movingtowardgreaterinformalityB.theinfluenceofAmericanEnglishC.theinfluenceofscienceandtechnologyD.theconflictsbetweenoramongnations10.AccordingtoNoamChomsry,humanbeingsarebornwithaninnateabilitytoacqu ireandproduceknowledgeas＿＿＿＿.A.CATB.MRIC.TGD11.Whenlearnerscomeacrossnewwords,theyarerequiredtofocuson＿＿＿＿.A.spellingB.semanticfeaturesC.form,meaninganduseD.wordformation12.Whichofthefollowingisnotexhibitedbythedeductivemethod?A.Itsavestime.B.Itpaysmoreattentiontoform.C.Itteachesgrammarinadecontextualizedway.D.Itencouragesstudentstoworkoutthegrammaticalrules.13.WhichofthefollowingmaterialsinNOTappropriateforateachertouseinlist eningpractice?A.Materialswithdifferentdialects.prehensibleauthenticmaterials.C.Materialswithcomprehensiblenewwordsforstudents.D.Materialswithcontentsbeyondstudents’comprehensioncapacity.14.＿＿＿＿maybedefinedasanykindofengagingwiththelanguageonthepartofthelearners, usuallyundertheteacher’ssupervision,whoseprimaryobjectiveistoconsoli datelearning.A.PresentationB.PracticeC.ProductionD.Preparation15.Teachersbelievinginthe＿＿＿＿modelinageneralsenseusuallyfollowthesequenceofteachingnewwords,senten cesandthenthewholepassageinthereadingclass.A.interactiveB.top-downC.bottom-upD.interactional16.The＿＿＿＿approachtowritingteachingpaysattentiontonotonlywhattowrite,butalsohow towrite.A.product-orientedB.process-orientedC.form-focusedD.meaning-focused17.Theactivieyof＿＿＿＿maymaximizethepossibilityofelicitingideas,wordsorconceptsfromstudents whenitisfocusedonagiventopic.A.retellingB.assessingoutputC.brainstormingD.checkingcomprehension18.＿＿＿＿helpsstudentsfacilitatetheirprocessofaccumulatingvocabulary,broadenin gscopeofvision,andincreasingtargetlanguageexposure.A.ScanningB.SkimmingC.ExtensivereadingD.Intensivereading19.Whichofthefollowingnominatingpatternscanateacheradopttoensurethata llstudentsareactivelyinvolvedinclassroomactivities?A.NominatingthosewhoaregoodatEnglish.B.Askingquestionsinapredicablesequence.C.Nominatingstudentsafterthequestionisgiven.D.Nominatingstudentsbeforegivingthequestion.20.Ifateacherasks“Whatdoes“correctivefeedback”mean?”,thistypeofquesti oniscalled＿＿＿＿.A.referentialquestonsB.tagquestionsC.rhetoricalquestionsD.displayquestions请阅读Passage1，完成21~25小题。

2019年GRE考试阅读综合整理测试题及答案

2019年GRE考试阅读综合整理测试题及答案Whereas Carlos Bulosan aimed through fiction and personal testimony to advance both Filipino civil rights in the United States and the social transformation of the Philippines, Yen Le Espiritu has set herself the task of recovering life histories of Filipino Americans. Her work brings Filipino Americans of the generation following the 1934-1965 immigration hiatus graphically to life. A special strength is the representation of Filipino American women, who were scarce among immigrants before the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration but composed more than half of the immigrants to America since liberalization in 1965.Espiritu’s subjects document their changing sense ofFilipino identity in the United States, much as Bulosan did as a member of the first substantial wave of immigrants.1. According to the passage, both Bulosan and Espiritu do which of the following in their work?A. Consider generational differences in Filipino immigrants’ responses to life in the United StatesB. Attempt to make allowance for the demographic variations among Filipino immigrants to the United StatesC. Employ fiction in addition to documenting actual life histories of Filipino immigrants to the United StatesD. Represent how life in the United States has affected immigrants’ sense of Filipino identityE. Examine the effects on Filipinos in the United States of the 1934 American curb on Filipino immigration2. In the context in which it appears, “graphically” most nearly meansA. in writingB. by means of drawingC. impressionisticallyD. diagrammaticallyE. vividly答案：D E。

国际货运代理资格：2019年(英语)考试真题与答案解析

国际货运代理资格·2019年（英语）考试真题与答案解析————————————————————————————————————————一．单项选择题1. There are some risks in multilateral trade. They mainly include economic risk and political risks. Economic risk do not include the risk of ( D ).A．insolvency of the buyerB．failure of payment by buyerC．exchange rateD．confiscation of the importer’s company2. the scope of freight forwarder’s service on behalf of the consignor normally does not include ( A ) when the consignor has made a sales contract with the buyer under the FOB termsA．arranging cargo insurance for sea carriageB．taking delivery of the goods to the carrierC．arranging export customs clearanceD．packing the goods3. According to INCOTERMS 2000,（B ）means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of shipments.A．FCAB．FOBC．DDPD．CPT4. According to UCP600, if the L/C stipulates that shipment date is “on or about May 15, 2009”, the goods can be shipped ( C ).A．from the 1st to the 30thB．from the 15th to the 30thC．from the 10th to the 20thD．from the 1st to the 15th5. The All Risks in PICC Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses does not cover the risks of ( C ). A．heavy weatherB．earthquakeC．strikeD．hook damage6. Which of the followings best indicates the total quantity of cargo the vessel loaded? ( D )A．Net tonnageB．registered tonnageC．Gross tonnageD．Deadweight7. ( B ) service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand oA．LineB．TrampC．NVOCCD．Non-conference lines8. According to UCP600, bill of lading may now allow ( D ) provided that the entire carriage is covered by one and the same bill of lading.A．after the expiry date of creditB．after the date of shipmentC．partial shipmentD．transshipment9. Which of the followings is one of the characteristics of settlement by letters of credit? ( B )A．seller’s liabilities for paymentB．L/C is a document transactionC．buyer’s liabilities for paymentD．L/C is a cargo transaction10. When the charterer uses more time than time stipulated in a voyage C/P to load his cargo, the ship- owner is entitled to ( C ).A．overtimeB．dispatchC．demurrageD．deadfreight11. The CMR convention is the convention on contract for International carriage of goods by road, according to CMR, the carrier is not responsible for ( C ).A．neglect of his servantsB．neglect of the persons whose services he makes use ofC．neglect of the consignorD．omissions of the agents12. To the individual consignor, the consolidator is the ( B ).A．agentB．carrierC．consigneeD．broker13. In designing a logistical system, a delicate balance must be maintained between transportation cost and ( C ).A．managementB．information flowC．service qualityD．service quantity14. ( B ) is a lump sum rate for the carriage of a container loaded with a particular commodity in marine container transportation.A．CIFB．CBRC．BAF D．CAF15. The sea waybill is one of the documents in cargo transport and it serves as ( B ). A．evidence contract of carriage of goods by railB．evidence contract of carriage of goods by seaC．evidence contract of carriage of goods by roadD．evidence contract of carriage of goods by air二．判断题16. One of the WTO basic functions is to act as a forum for ongoing multilateral trade negotiations. ( A )17. The forwarders should always book space with the selected carrier on behalf of the consignor when the consignor had made a sales contract with the buyer under the FOB term. ( B)18. According to UCP600, the commercial invoice must be made out in the same currency as the L/C．( A )19. According to INCOTERMS 2000, FCA means that the seller delivers the goods to the carrier nominated by the seller at the named place. ( B )20. Sight credits mean that the issuing bank effects payment or negotiation immediately upon receipt of the drafts and/or other documents that are in conformity with the credit stipulations ( A )21. During the period of time charter, the charterer is liable for cost directly connected with the use of the ship, such as bunker costs, crew wages and provisions.( B )22. When the L/C simply stipulates an expiry date without a shipment date, which means these two dates are the same. ( A )23. According to UCP600, data in a document must not conflict with data in any other stipulated document or the L/C．( A )24. Straight B/L are those covering shipments between direct ports of loading and discharge. ( B )25. BAF,CAF and port congestion surcharges are normally levied by the port authorities in marine container transportation. ( B )26. Institute Cargo Clauses C covers loss of or damage to cargo caused by earthquake.( B )27. Multimodal transport can reduce the risk of loss of or damage to cargo. ( B )28. In international air cargo transportation, Special Commodity Rates are only applicable to named types of cargo, therefore they are always much higher than General Cargo Rates. ( B )29. According to Incoterms 2000, CFR means that the risk of loss of or damage to the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer when the goods pass the ship’s rail at the named port of destination. ( B )30. Network design is a primary responsibility of logistical management since a firm facility structure　is used to ship products and materials to customers. ( A )三．多项选择题31. Whn the freight forwarder provides services on behalf of the exporter, he would study the provisions of the L/C and all Government regulations applicable to theshipment of goods in the ( A B C ).A．ountry of exportB．country of importC．transit countryD．all countries32. According to INCOTERMS 2000, the groups of following trade terms ( A ) can be used for sea and inland waterway transport. (　)A．CFR/CIFB．CPT/CIPC．FOB/FCAD．CIF/CIP33. Institute Cargo Clause B covers loss of or damage to cargo caused by( A B C D ). A．fire or explosionB．volcanic eruptionC．collision of vesselD．lightning34. Currency, difference types of multimodal transport operation involving different combination are taking place. The following combination are involving sea transport. ( A C ).A．sea/airB．rail/roadC．land bridgeD．air/road35. In marine time chartering business, the charterer is responsible for costs such as ( A B C ).A．bunkerB．port chargesC．canal tollsD．provisions36. An applicant is the party who applies to the bank for opening a letter of credit. It usually refers to the ( A C ) in the sales contract.A．buyerB．sellerC．importerD．exporter37. Normally the marine bills of lading contain some main elements such as ( A B C ). A．port of loading and dischargeB．date of issuanceC．payment of freightD．time of delivery38. The words ( A B D ) applying to any date or period in the credit referring to shipment will be understood to include the date mentione．A．untilB．fromC．afterD．to39. Confirmed documentary credit is one that contains the guarantee of payment to the beneficiary by the ( B C ).A．buyerB．issuing bankC．confirming bankD．advising bank40. Please point out which of the following statements are right. ( A C )A．Order processing is one of areas of logistical work.B．Order processing is not one of areas of logistical work.C．Transportation is one of areas of logistical workD．Transportation is not one of areas of logistical work四．完形填空题The ( 41 A - voyage chartering ) means that the shipowner promises to carry on board a specific ship a particular cargo for a single or several voyages from one or more loading ports to one or more discharging ports. The payment paid by the charterer to the ship owner for cargo transport by sea is called ( 42 D - freight) and the contact made by ship owner and charterer is called a voyage charter party. Under a voyage charter party, the actual operation of the vessel is left to the ( 43 C - shipowner ). There are the provision for the ( 44 B ), demurrage and dispatch money etc., in the voyage charter. There are more standard forms of voyage charter parties than any other form of contract of carriage. ( 45 D - GENCON) is the most popular and widely used general purpose voyage charter party on a global basis for numerous types of cargoes.41. A．voyage charteringB．time charteringC．bareboad charteringD．TCT42. A．commissionB．deadfreightC．hireD．freight43. A．agentB．brokerC．shipownerD．charterer44. A．deliveryB．laytimeC．off-hireD．redelivery45. A．BALTIMEB．BARECONC．NYPED．GENCONAccording to China’s Maritime Code, the responsibilities of the carrier with regard to the ( 46 B - containerized goods ) covers the entire period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time the carrier has taken over the goods at the ( 47 A - port of loading ), until the goods have been delivered at the ( 48 B - port of discharge ). The responsibility of the carrier with respect to ( 49 A - non-containerized goods ), covers the period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, starting from the time of loading of the goods onto the ship until the time the goods are discharged (50 D - from the ship ). During the period the carrier is in chare of the goods, the carrier shall be liable for the loss of or damage to the goods.46. A．non-containerized goodsB．containerized goodsC．bulk goodsD．dangerous goods47. A．port of loadingB．port of dischargeC．ship’s railD．alongside ship48. A．port of loadingB．port of dischargeC．ship’s railD．alongside ship49. A．non-containerized goods B．containerized goods C．bulk goodsD．dangerous goods50. A．from container yard B．from CFSC．from the doorD．from the ship。

(完整版)2019年翻译资格考试中级笔译冲刺试题九

英译汉Industrial DesignThe industrial design is the art and science involved in the creation of machine—made products by large-scale industry for mass distribution'. It is concerned with aesthetic appearance， especially in consumer goods， as well as with functional efficiency。

The term industrial design was originated in 1919 by the American industrial designer Joseph Sinel (1887—1975）. Initially， industrial designers dealt exclusively with machine-made consumer products。

Eventually, however, the scope of the profession2 enlarged to include the design of capital goods，such as farm machinery， industrial tools and transportation equipment, and the planning of exhibitions，commercial buildings and packaging3.Under prevailing standards of design， a product should have beauty of line， color， proportion, and texture; high efficiency and safety of operation; convenience or comfort in use； ease of maintenance and repair; durability; and expression of function in terms of form。

2019四级考试阅读备考材料(2)

2019 四级考试阅读备考材料(2)The Laws of NatureThe phrase "A law of Nature" is probably rarer in modern scientific writing than was the case some generations ago. This is partly due to a very natural objection to the use of the word "law" in two different senses. Human societies have laws. In primitive societies there is no distinction between law and custom. Some things are done, others are not. This is regarded as part of the nature of things, and generally as an unalterable fact. If customs change, the change is too slow to be observed. Later on kings and prophets could promulgate new laws, but there was no way of revoking old ones. The Greek democracies made the great and revolutionary discovery that a community could consciously make new laws and repeal old ones. So for us a human law is something which is valid only over a certain number of people for a certain period of time.Laws of Nature, however, are not commands but statements of facts. The use of the same word is unfortunate. It would be better to speak of uniformities of Nature. This would do away with the elementary fallacy that a law implies a lawgiver. Incidentally, it might just as well imply a parliament or soviet of atoms. But the difference between the two uses of the word is fundamental. If a piece of matter does not obey a law of Nature it is not punished. On the contrary, we say that the law has been incorrectly stated, It is quite probable that every law of Nature so far stated has been stated incorrectly. Certainly many of them have. Nevertheless,these inaccurately stated laws are of immense practical and theoretical value.They fall into two classes-qualitative laws such as "All animals with feathers have beaks", and quantitative laws such as "Mercury has 13,596 times the density of water"(at 0 °C and 1 atmosphere's pressure). The first of these is a very good guide. But it was probably not true in the past. For many birds which were certainly feathered had teeth and may not have had beaks. And it is quite possibly not today. There are about a hundred thousand million birds on our planet, and it may well be that two or three of them are freaks which have not developed a beak. But have lived long enough to grow feathers. It was thought to be a law of Nature that female mammals (defined as warm-blooded vertebrates with hair) had mammary glands, until Prof. Crew of Edinburgh found that many congenitally hairless female mice lacked these organs, though they could bear young which other females could then foster.And quantitative laws generally turn out to be inexact. Thus water is nothing definite. It is a mixture of at least six different substances. For in the molecule H20, one or both of the hydrogen atoms may be either light or heavy, and so may the oxygen atom. Similarly, mercury consists of several different types of atom. Thus the ratio of the densities of mercury and water is not fixed, though in the case of ordinary samples the variation is too small to be detected. But it can be detected if the water happens to have been taken from an accumulator which has been used for some time.In his theory of Probability (Oxford, 1939) Jefferys has something new to say about induction. Two contradictory theories are in vogue as to the laws of Nature. The older view is that they are absolute, though of course they may have been inaccurately formulated. The extreme positivistic view, enunciated by Vaihinger, is that we can only say that phenomena occur as if certain laws held. There is no sense in makingany definite statements, though it is convenient to do so.Now Jeffreys points out that, if a number of observations have been found to conform to a law, it is highly probable that the next one will do so whether the law is true or not. In Jeffrey's words "A well-verified hypothesis will probably continue to lead to correct inferences even if it is wrong. "。

2019年上半年教师资格考试《初中英语》真题

2019年上半年教师资格统考《英语学科（初中）》试题一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。

)1.Which of the following words has a stress pattern different from the rest?A.prepareB.techniqueC.obviousD.advice2.Which of the following underlined words will be stressed when Julia responds to the person who has mistaken her for Julian?A.My name is Julia,not Julian.B.My name is Julia,not Julian.C.My name is Julia,not Julian.D.My name is Julia,not Julian.3.The word“UNESCO”is called a(n)_______.A.acronymB.blendC.clipped wordD.coined word4.He looks like a Scottish,but his accent may give him_______.A.offB.outC.inD.away5.The book is so well received that it sells_______the million.A.atB.inC.byD.to6._______we are successful,we can be sure that we did our best.A.Provided thatB.If onlyC.If or notD.Whether or not7.——Will you be able to go swimming with us?——_______.A.I'm afraid notB.I'm afraidC.I'm not afraidD.I'm not afraid so8._______is the custom,the investigators carried out a painstaking search of the debris after the air crash.A.WhatB.AsC.WhichD.That9.There are different words for paternal grandmother(nainai)and maternal grandmother(waipo)in Chinese,but in English the word“grandmother”is generally used in both cases,which suggests that_______.A.equal importance is given to maternal and paternal grandparents in ChinaB.equal importance is given to maternal and paternal grandparents in Britainnguage may influence people's ways of thinking to a large extentD.people of different languages categorize things in different ways10.Which of the following is employed by a speaker who addresses senior people as “the elderly”rather than“the old”?A.Social dialect.B.Taboo.C.Lingua franca.D.Euphemism.11.By asking the question,“Can you list your favorite food in English?”,the teacher is using the technique of_______.A.elicitationB.monitoringC.promptingD.recasting12.If a teacher wants to check how much students have learned at the end of a term, he/she would give them a(n)_______.A.diagnostic testB.placement testC.proficiency testD.achievement test13.What learning style does Xiao Li exhibit if she tries to understand every single word when listening to a passage?A.Field-dependence.B.Intolerance of Ambiguity.C.Risk-taking.D.Field-independence.14.If a teacher asks students to put jumbled sentences in order in a reading class,he/she intends to develop their ability of_______.A.word-guessing through contextB.summarizing the main ideaC.understanding textual coherenceD.scanning for detailed information15.When a teacher says“What do you mean by that?”,he/she is asking the student for_______.A.repetitionB.suggestionC.introductionD.clarification16.When a teacher says“You'd better talk in a more polite way when speaking to the elderly”,he/she is drawing the students'attention to the_______of language use.A.fluencyplexityC.accuracyD.appropriacy17.Which of the following is a display question?A.What part of speech is“immense”?B.How would you comment on this report?C.Why do you think Hemingway is a good writer?D.What do you think of the characters in this novel?18.Which of the following represents a contextualized way of practising“How often...”?A.Make some sentences with“how often”e“how often”and the words given to make a sentence.C.I go shopping twice a week.How often do you go shopping?D.Please change the statement into a question with“how often”19.Which of the following are controlled activities in an English class?A.Reporting,role-play and games.B.Reading aloud,dictation and translation.C.Role-play,problem solving and discussion.rmation exchange,narration and interview.20.The_______is designed according to the morphological and syntactic aspects of a language.A.structural syllabusB.situational syllabusC.skill-based syllabusD.content-based syllabus请阅读Passage1,完成21-25小题。

2019职称英语考试复习资料综合类C级(四)

2019职称英语考试复习资料综合类C级(四)A Strong Greenhouse Gas1.Methane is a colorless, odorless gas; it is also a potent greenhouse gas, and once released into the atmosphere, it absorbs heat radiating from Earth’s surface. That’s why methane is a major contributor to the planet’s increasing temperature rise—or global warming. Molecule for molecule, methane’s heat-trapping power in the atmosphere is 21 times stronger than carbon dioxide, the most abundant greenhouse gas.2.With 13 billion cows belching almost constantly around the world (100 million in the U.S. a lone), it’s no surprise that methane released by livestock is one of the chief global sources of the gas. Other prime methane sources： petroleum, drilling, coal mining, solid-waste landfills and wetlands.3.Greenhouse gases like methane and carbon dioxide make up only a small part of Earth’s atmosphere, which is 78 percent nitrogen and nearly 21 percent oxygen. And without greenhouse gases to trap the sun’s heat and warm the planet, life was we know it couldn’t exist. But in the last 200 years, human activity that requires burning oil, natural gas, and coal for energy has magnified the greenhouse effect.4.Atmospheric concentrations of methane have more than doubled in the last two centuries. Blame for this often focuses on big industries and gas-guzzling vehicles. But agriculture plays a major role, too. In the past 40 years alone, the global cattle population has doubled.5.Cows munch mostly grasses and hay—yet they grow bigand hefty. Why? Because of the rumen. The rumen holds 160liters of food and billions of microbes. These microscopic bacteria and protozoa break down cellulose and fiber into digestible nutrients. A cow couldn’t live without its microbes. As the microbes digest cellulose, they release methane. The process occurs in all animals with a rumen (cows, sheep, and goats, for example), and it makes them very gassy. It’s part of their normal digestion process. When they chew their cud, they regurgitate some food to rechew it, and allthis gas comes out. the average cow expels 600 liters of methane a day.6.That’s why we say livestock gas is also a major factor of causing the global warming.词汇：methane 甲烷 munch 用力咀嚼odorless 无味的 hefty 健壮的potent 强有力的 rumen 瘤胃belch 打嗝 protozoa 原生动物(复数)livestock 家畜，牲畜 cellulose 纤维素landfill 埋填的废渣 nutrient 有营养的magnify 扩大 cud 反刍的食物guzzle 大量消耗(燃料等) regurgitate 反刍注释：1.once released into the atmosphere…：一旦(甲烷)释放到大气中……once released into the atmosphere相当于once methaneis released into the atmosphere。

【英语四级辅导】2019年12月四级真题词汇总结-6页文档资料

Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)be clouded by 使…变黑暗，使…产生阴影a lapse of integrity缺失诚实undermine vt.在...下面掘地道; 削弱...的基础; 用阴险手段毁损, 伤害(健康等); 暗中破坏peer pressure 同年人带来的压力critical adj. 关键的plagiarism n. 剽窃unintentionally adv.无意的misconduct n.不当行为ignorance n.无知，愚昧defense n.防卫elaborate vt. 详尽说明adj.精心制作的fool ourselves into believing 骗自己相信watch out 小心rationalize vt. 使合理化suspension：dismissal from schoolruin reputation 毁坏名声break a law/rule 违法/违规impose vt. 强迫，强加(impose sth. on sb.强加于)deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺fraud n.欺诈worst of all 特别糟糕的是slippery slope 灾难性的急剧下降erode v. 侵蚀，腐蚀invisible adj. 看不见的scandal n. 丑闻Watergate Scandal 水门事件in sum 总之facilitate vt. 使便利，减轻…的困难overwhelm vt. 压倒，制服，打败cautious a.小心的，谨慎的dearly a. 昂贵的Listening Comprehensiongiraffe n. 长颈鹿allergic a. 过敏narrow the topic down 缩小论文题目Sweden n.瑞典Swedish 瑞典人/语administrative a. 行政的，管理的administration n. 行政，管理administrator n.管理者disrespectful a. 不礼貌的，不恭敬的（respectful a.礼貌的，恭敬的respectable a 可敬重的，有身份（名望）的respective a 各自的，各个的）approval n. 赞同，同意insult v&n 侮辱enhance concentration 高度集中注意力interdependence a. 互相依赖的Reading Comprehension(reading in depth)Underlying adj. 在下面的，基础的sustainable a. 合理利用的，可持续的alternative a. 两者择一的，供替代的alternative energy 替代能源combine A and B 使A和B结合/联合comprise vt. 包括，Twelve departments comprise this university.12个系组成了这所大学。