《孟子两章》 同步练习(人教版)
人教版九年级下册语文《孟子两章》同步练习册习题答案反思
人教版九年级下册语文《孟子两章》同步练习册习题答案反思人教版九年级下册语文《孟子两章》同步练习册习题答案18、《孟子》两章积存与运用1．轲战国儒家仁政王道 2．《论语》《大学》《中庸》诗、书、礼、易、春秋3．天时不如地利，地利不如人和统治者要“施仁政”，“行王道”生于忧患，死于安乐4．⑴pn，背叛⑵zēng增加⑶hng堵塞⑷b辅佐5．⑴逃跑；灭亡⑵提拔；发动⑶因此；缘由⑸从；给；在6．⑴包围⑵这⑶放弃；离开⑷限制⑸震慑⑹护城河理解与鉴赏 1．A2．B3．⑴所以上天将要下达重大的使命给这样的人。
⑵忧患（能鼓励人勤奋）使人生存进展；安逸享乐使人萎靡，必将导致灭亡。
4．C5．略拓展与提高一样点：两篇短论都运用了类比论证的方法。
第一则以战斗中的事例作为例证，强调“天时不如地利，地利不如人和”，然后类推出治国的道理；其次则从个人事例说起，在得出“逆境出人才”这个观点后，转到统治者治国上，指出打算国家存亡的因素和个人能否成就大事业的因素相仿，最终推出论点。
不同点：两则短文提出论点的方式不尽一样。
第一则短文的论点在文章开头提出，然后对论点进展了进一步的解释和阐述；其次则短文在文章结尾处提醒出论点，不再对论点进展讲解。
在论证构造上，第一则采纳了总起分承最终总结的构造方式，其次则采纳的是先分后总的构造方式。
【反思】在这节课上我明显不在状态：课堂教学语言表达不顺畅，课堂组织不力，引导不到位。
总感觉到有些别扭。
班还是我常常上的班级，学生还是我熟识的学生，况且又没有其他教师听课，这只是一节寻常的课，我为什么就这样不拘束呢？由此，我想到备课不但包括备教材、备学生，而且还应当包括备自己以最好的状态进入课堂。
不管是穿着、心情还是精神气质，都要使自己到达最抱负的状态。
由于课堂是神圣的，师者的形象会潜移默化地影响着学生。
窦桂梅教师说：“站在讲台上，我就是语文。
”一个举止沉着大方、吐高雅、智幽默的教师确定会赢得学生鄙视和爱戴。
亲其师才能信其道。
人教版九年级语文下册第五单元孟子两章同步练习2带答案
人教版九年级语文下册第五单元《孟子》两章同步练习2带答案一、在括号里给加点字注音或依照拼音写出汉字夫．环而攻之( ) 米sù( ) 传说．( ) 畎．面( ) 版筑．（）法家拂．士( ) 城guō( ) 百里xī( ) héng于虑( ) 子yú( ) 二、加点字说明正确的一项A·委．而去之(舍弃) 而后喻．(了解) 池．非不深也(护城河)B·固国．(国家) 空乏．．其身(资财缺乏) 得道．多助(道德) C·举．于市(选举) 饿．其体肤(饥饿) 寡．助之至(少)D·域．民(限制) 威．天下(威慑) 人恒过．(过失) 三、以下句子全有古今异义词的一组A·是地利不如人和也而后作B因此动心忍性生于忧患C·望桓侯而还走环而攻之D池非不深也亲戚畔之四、翻译句子正确的打"√"，错误的打"×"1·委而去之译:舍弃这座城然后到城外去了。
( )2·天将降大任于是人也译:上天将要把重大的使命交给那个人。
( ) 3·人那么无法家拂士，出那么无敌国外祸者，国恒亡。
译:进来没有大法家和辅佐君王的贤臣，出来没有外来的祸害，国家常常要衰亡。
( )4·寡助之至;亲戚畔之。
译:取得少数人支持的君王到了极点，连亲戚也背叛他。
( )五、阅读短文，完成练习(一)故日:____________________________________________________________________寡助之至，亲戚畔之。
"多助之至，天下顺之。
以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。
(二)故天将降大任于是人也，必先________________________________，因此动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
1·在横线上默写出原句。
《孟子》两章同步训练附答案新人教版
18《孟子》两章同步训练（附答案新人教版）18《孟子》两章同步训练（附答案新人教版）阅读课文，完成下面的题。
1．词汇理解(1)七里之郭()(2)天下顺之()(3)傅说举于版筑之间()(4)曾益其所不能()(5)征于色发于声而后喻()(6)出则无敌国外患者()(7)域民不以封疆之界()(8)固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利()(9)必先苦其心志()(10)劳其筋骨，饿其体肤()(11)空乏其身()(12)行拂乱其所为()(13)所以动心忍性()(14)人恒过()(15)入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者()(16)亲戚畔之()(17)困于心衡于虑而后作()2．一词多义(1)利天时不如地利名词，有利的形势兵革非不坚利也(2)之三里之城助词，的寡助之至亲戚畔之代词，他 (3)发舜发于畎亩之中动词，被任用征于色发于声而后喻(4)于舜发于畎亩之中介词，从故天将降大任于是人也征于色介词，在生于忧患(5)拂行拂乱其所为动词，违背法家拂士(6)恒国恒亡副词，必然人恒过(7)以以天下之所顺所以动心忍性动词，用来(8)而环而攻之而不胜连词，前一个表修饰，后一个表转折困于心衡于虑而后作连词，表顺承生于忧患而死于安乐也3．古今异义(1)城非不高也古义：_________________________________________________ ______________。
人教版八年级上册(2017部编版)第21课《孟子二章》同步练习(可打印修改)
C.孟子认为大丈夫应该具有坚定的信念和崇高的精神追求。
D.“见闻者无不流涕”一句，描绘“观者”的反应，是为了表现他们的痛惜之情。
4.请将“问市人孰为南北，南面再拜就死”一句翻译成现代汉语。
5. 孟子关于“大丈夫”的著名论断，在文天祥身上，是如何体现的？ 2 /5
人教版八年级上册（2017 部编版）第 21 课《孟子二章》同步练习 3 /5
儒家学派代表人物之一。
是记录孟子言行的著作，共
及其弟子万章、公孙丑等人共同编著的。
5. 用现代汉语翻译下列句子。
(1) 一怒而诸侯惧，安居而天下熄。
时期思想家， 篇，一般认为是
(2) 富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。
（3）困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。
（4）人则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
者如堵③。临刑，从容谓吏曰：“吾事毕矣。”问市人孰为南北，南面再拜就死。俄有使使
止之，至则死矣。见闻者无不流涕。(选自《文山先生全集》）
【注】①自赞：自我总结。②庶几：差不多。③观者如堵：围观人的多得像一道墙。
1. 下列句子中“其”字的用法，不同于其他三项的是（
）
A.独行其道
B.其真无马邪？
C.河伯始旋其面目
1 /5
人教版八年级上册（2017 部编版）第 21 课《孟子二章》同步练习
二、阅读理解题。
(甲）富贵不能淫
景春曰：“公孙衍、张仪岂不诚大丈夫哉？ 一怒而诸侯惧，安居而天下熄。”
孟子曰：“是焉得为大丈夫乎？子未学礼乎？丈夫之冠也，父命之； 女子之嫁也，母
命之，往送之门，戒之曰：‘往之女家，必敬必戒，无违夫子！”以顺为正者，妾妇之道也。
D.其词曰：“孔曰成仁，孟云取义。”
人教版八年级语文上《孟子二章》同步检测(含答案)
《〈孟子〉二章》同步检测一、积累与运用1．下列各组句子中加粗的词语意义相同的一项是（）A．入则无法家拂．士行拂．乱其所为B．曾．益其所不能曾．不能损魁父之丘C．必先苦．其心志何苦．而不平D．去．国怀乡委而去．之2．下面加粗词语解释正确的一项是（）A．固．国不以山溪之险（巩固） B．野芳发．而幽香（开放）C．舜发．于畎亩之中（被任用） D．临．溪而渔（靠近）3．对加粗字解释正确的一项是（）兵．革非不坚利也。
A．军队 B．士兵 C．兵器 D．战争4．加粗“而”的用法不同于其它三个的是（）A．夫环而．攻之 B．委而．去之C．环而．攻之而不胜 D．环而攻之而．不胜5．下列句中没有通假字的一项是（）A．曾益其所不能 B．便要还家，设酒杀鸡作食C．入则无法家拂士 D．曾不能损魁父之丘6．下面加粗的解释不正确的一项是（）A．舜发于．畎亩之中（在） B．百里溪举于市．（城市）C．故天将大任于是．人也（这样） D．行拂乱．其所为（使……错乱）7．“所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能”的正确解释是（）A．所以当他动了心抑制情感，就能增加他原来所没有的东西。
B．以此让心情激动忍让，就能渐渐增长知识C．用那样的途径来使他的心惊动，使他的性情坚韧起来，以不断增长他的才干D．所以忍住激动的心情，怕自己不能顺利地完成。
8．下列说法不正确的一项是（）A．《生于忧患，死于安乐》讲的是造就人才和治理国家的问题。
B．本文先论证“生于忧患”后论证“死于安乐”。
C．论证“死于安乐”是全文的重点，方法是先举同类事例，以个别到一般，归纳出作者的观点，然后从理论上加以证明。
D．全文从造就人才的主、客观条件方面论说人要成就一番大业，必须经过艰苦的磨练。
二阅读与鉴赏（一）课内阅读舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之中，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
语文人教版(部编版)八年级上册第6单元第21课《〈孟子〉二章》同步练习
《〈孟子〉二章》同步练习、基础知识及其运用1、给下列加点字注音。
公孙衍（）丈夫之冠）妾妇（）富贵不能淫（）畎亩（）胶鬲（）傅说（）百里奚（曾益（法家拂士（）2、解释下列加点字词。
(1)岂不诚大丈夫（(2)天下熄（(3)是焉得为大丈夫乎（(4) 父命之（(5) 戒之（(6) 女家（(7)以顺为正者(8)与民由之（(9) 发于畎亩（(10) 空乏其身（(11) 行拂乱其所为(12) 曾益（(13) 衡于虑（(14) 出则无敌国外患（3、下列对病句的修改不正确的一项是（A、自7月7日以来，内蒙古鄂尔多斯市鄂托克前旗已连续6天不断出现高温（35C以上）天气。
（删去“不断”）B、从20世纪90年代开始，贾利民就投身于中国高铁的科研创新工作，见证了中国高铁发展及孕育的全过程。
（将“发展”和“孕育”对调）C、宋金时期，无论是在宫廷还是在民间，三国人物和故事也是戏曲中普遍受到欢迎的题材之一。
（将“也" 改为“都”）D、升学压力透过高中、初中、小学直抵幼儿园，一些上海的地区，小朋友为了升入理想中的小学，从幼儿园开始就要进行应试训练。
（“应试”改为“考试”）4、根据画线句子，续写两个句子，使之构成排比。
人活于世上总要有些信仰，为了心中的道义，有人像孟子所说的“富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈”，有人像____________________________ ，有人像____________________________ 。
5、文学常识填空。
这两篇短文选自《_______________ 》，孟子，名_____________ ，____________ 学派代表人物之一，战国时期____________ 家。
二、阅读课内精读（一）阅读《富贵不能淫》，回答问题。
1、翻译下列句子。
（1）居天下之广居，立天下之正位，行天下之大道。
（2）富贵不能淫，贫贱不能移，威武不能屈。
此之谓大丈夫。
2、孟子举母亲告诫女儿“往之女家，必敬必戒，无违夫子”的例子是为了说明什么？3、下列各项对文章内容的理解与分析不正确的一项是（）A、景春心目中的大丈夫，是像公孙衍、张仪那样的位高权重，令人望而生畏的当权者。
人教新版九年级(下)《第18课 《孟子》两章》同步练习卷(1)
人教新版九年级下册《第18课《孟子》两章》同步练习卷（1）一、积累运用1．给下面加点的字注音。
畎．亩傅说．胶鬲．米粟．拂．士拂．乱。
2．解释下列各句中加点的词。
（1）环．而攻之而不胜（2）池．非不深也（3）人恒．过然后能改（4）入．则无法家拂士（5）兵革．．非不坚利也（6）寡助之至．（7）以天下之所顺．（8）而后喻．3．指出下面句中加点词的古今义。
（1）委．而去之今义：古义：（2）城．非不高也今义：古义：（3）是．天时不如地利也今义：古义：。
4．根据加点词的意思各写一个含有该加点词的成语。
（1）兵．革之利（2）寡．助之至（3）池．非不深也（4）得道多助．。
5．按要求用课文原句填空。
（1）《得道多助，失道寡助》一文的中心论点是“”。
（2）《得道多助，失道寡助》一文中指出民心向背的重要性的句子是“”。
（3）《生于忧患，死于安乐》一文中谈“死于安乐”这一内容的句子是“”。
（4）《生于忧患，死于安乐》一文中揭示一个人成才的主观因素的句子是“”。
6．翻译下列句子。
（1）固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。
（2）人恒过然后能改，困于心衡于虑而后作，征于色发于声而后喻。
7．古今有许多名言名句谈论了天时、地利、人和三者的重要性，请各写出一句来。
（1）谈“天时”：。
（2）谈“地利”：。
（3）谈“人和”：。
8．综合运用某班开展“我所了解的孔子和孟子”的语文实践活动，请你完成以下任务。
（1）【故事大盘点】孔、孟及其弟子留下了不少脍炙人口的故事，如“孟母三迁”等。
请你再写出两个与孔、孟或者其弟子有关的故事名称。
（2）【成语大搜集】《论语》《孟子》语言精练，含义丰富，有不少语句已经成为成语，至今仍活跃在现代汉语里，下面是同学们搜集的一组成语，其中有两个不是出自《论语》《孟子》，请你找出来。
（只填序号）①温故知新②舍生取义③愚公移山④则善恶从⑤任重道远⑥诲人不倦⑦一鼓作气⑧见贤思齐（3）【观点大讨论】当今有不少家长效仿古代“孟母三迁”的做法，争先恐后地购买名校周边的“学区房”，请你用简明的语言阐述对这种现象的看法。
九年级语文下册 18《孟子》两章同步练习 (新版)新人教版
《〈孟子〉两章》同步练习一、积累与运用1.解释下列句中加下划线的词语。
（1）三里之城，七里之郭（2）域民不以封疆之界（3）天下顺之（4）空乏其身（5）天将降大任于是人也（6）出则无敌国外患2.解释下列句中的加下划线词。
（1）兵革非不坚利（2）生于忧患（3）三里之城环而攻之亲戚畔之天下顺之多助之至3.找出下列句中的通假字，并解释其含义。
（1）寡助之至，亲戚畔之 _________通_________，含义：____________ （2）……所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能 _________通_________，含义：____________ （3）困于心，衡于虑，而后作_________通_________，含义：____________ （4）入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者_________通_________，含义：____________4.《孟子》是______________所作，_________家经典著作之一。
5.《生于忧患，死于安乐》一文的开头列举的人物有什么样的共性？二、阅读阅读下列文段，完成6~17题。
（一）天时不如地利，地利不如人和。
三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。
夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。
城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。
故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。
得道者多助，失道者寡助。
寡助之至，亲戚畔之。
多助之至，天下顺之。
以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。
6.请将这则短文的论点写在下面。
7.翻译下面的句子。
（1）天时不如地利，地利不如人和。
（2）故君子有不战，战必胜矣。
8.文中的“君子”指谁？9.从本文可以看出，决定战争胜利的三要素是_________、_________、_________，其中最主要的是。
（一）司马温公①幼时，患记问不若人，群居讲习，众兄弟既成诵，游息矣；独下帷②绝编③，迨能倍诵乃止。
《孟子》两章同步练习
《孟子》两章同步练习«孟子»两章练习一、基础测试题。
1.解释下面句中虚词的意思。
A.三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。
城：郭：环：B.城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之……池：坚利：委：C.寡助之至，亲戚畔之。
多助之至，天下顺之。
至：畔：顺：2.〝于〞字用法和其它三项不相反的是( )A.故天将降大任于是人也B.征于色C.死于安乐D.衡于虑3.结合语境，解释多义词。
A.是――故天将降大任于是人也( )对子骂父，那么是无礼( )B.征――征于色，发于声，然后喻( )无征不信，公爱之，何不记之( )C.发――舜发于畎亩之中( )征于色，发于声，然后喻( )4.加点词不用〝使……〞(使动用法)这一结构方式来解释的一项为哪一项( )A.苦其心志B.劳其筋骨C.动心忍性D.生于忧患5.指出以下句中的通假字，并解释词义。
A.寡助之至，亲戚畔之。
____通____( )B.困于心，衡于虑，然后作____通____( )C.属予作文以记之。
____通____( )D.所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
____通____( )6.判别正误。
正确的在括号内画〝√〞，错误的画〝×〞。
(1)孟子名轲字子舆。
是春秋末期人。
他是儒家学派仅次于孔子的巨匠。
( )(2)«孟子»是一部记载孟子的思想和政治言论等的书，共七篇。
记载孔子和他的弟子的言行的书叫«孔子»。
( )(3)«得道多助，失道寡助»选自«孟子·公孙丑»，«生于忧患，死于安乐»选自«孟子·告子»。
( )(4)«得道多助，失道寡助»和«生于忧患，死于安乐»都是议论文。
«得道多助，失道寡助»中提醒中心论点的句子是〝天时不如天时，天时不如人和〞，而«生于忧患，死于安乐»一文中提醒中心论点的句子是〝然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
最新人教部编版八年级上册语文《孟子》二章》同步习题
21 《孟子》二章课时训练1. 解释下列加点的词语。
（1）以顺为正．者（2）贫贱不能移．（3）空乏．．其身（4）困于心，衡于虑，而后作．（5）出则无敌．国外患2.下列各句中没有通假字的一项是（）A.往之女家B.行拂乱其所为C.曾益其所不能D.入则无法家拂士3.下列各项中加点的词语属于词类活用的一项是（）A.妾妇之道．B.必先苦．其心志C.与民由．之D.生．于忧患4.翻译下列句子。
（1）立天下之正位，行天下之大道。
（2）然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
阅读下面的短文，完成5—7题。
【甲】人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。
入则无法家拂士、出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
【乙】孟子少时，诵①，其母方②织。
孟子辍然③中止，乃复进。
其母知其喧④也，呼而问之，曰：“何为中止？”对曰：“有所失复得。
”其母引刀裂其织，以此诫之。
自是之后，孟子不复喧矣。
（选自《韩诗外传》卷九，有删改）【注释】①诵：背诵。
②方：正在。
③辍然：突然中止的样子。
辍，停止，废止。
④喧：遗忘。
5.解释加点的词语。
（1）人恒．过，然后能改恒：________（2）其母引．刀裂其织引：________6.【甲】、【乙】两文在表达方面有什么不同？7.你认为【乙】文中孟母教子的方法有什么独特的地方？这个故事说明了什么道理？课时训练答案1.（1）准则，标准（2）改变，动摇。
这里是使动用法（3）财资缺乏（4）奋起，指有所作为（5）匹敌、相当2.B3.B4.（1）站在天下最正确的位置上，走着天下最光明的大道。
（2）这样以后，人们才会明白，忧患（能激励人奋发）使人谋求生存发展，而安逸享乐就会让人萎靡，导致死亡。
5.（1）常常（2）拿起6.【甲】文以议论为主，语言精练，分析透辟；【乙】文以叙述为主，用引刀裂织的方法明理，自然巧妙。
7.孟母是用实际行动来教育孩子。
这个故事说明做任何事情都要全神贯注，一心一意不能分心的道理。
人教新版九年级下册 第17课《孟子》两章 同步练习(解析版)
九年级下册第17课《孟子》两章同步练习参考答案与试题解析1．生于忧患，死于安乐《孟子》舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将降大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
人恒过，然后能改；困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻，入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
（1）下列句子中朗读节奏划分不正确的一项是A。
A．故天将降大任于是/人也B．至若/春和景明C．贤者/能勿丧耳D．策之/不以其道（2）下列句子中如点的词解释不正确的一项是。
A．舜发于．畎亩之中（介词，从）B．必先苦其．心志（代词，他的）C、曾益．其所不能（益处）D．人恒过．，然后能改（犯错误）（3）下面对选文内容理解不正确的一项是D。
A、选文第一段列举古代圣君贤臣起于微贱的事例作为论据。
B、选文第二段对所举事例加以概括，得出要增长才干，必须先经受艰苦磨炼的观点。
C、文章的中心论点是：生于忧患，死于安乐。
D、选文先谈人，主要体现“死于安乐”；后论国，主要体现“生于忧患”。
（4）用现代汉语写出下面文言语句的大意。
①所以动心忍性译文：用这些来激励他的心志，使他的性情坚忍。
②然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也译文：这样就知道忧愁患害使人生存发展，安逸享乐使人萎靡灭亡。
（5）选文在论证上最大的特色是什么？文章层层推进，步步深入，结构清晰，论证极为有力。
【分析】课文译文：舜从田间被尧起用，傅说从筑墙的工作中被选拔，胶鬲从贩卖鱼盐的人中被举拔，管夷吾从狱官手里释放后被举用，孙叔敖在隐居的海滨被选拔，百里奚从奴隶市场被赎回并被举用。
因此上天将要将降下重大的责任在这样的人身上，就一定要先使他的心智痛苦，使他的筋骨劳累，使他忍饥挨饿，使他的身体穷困缺乏，使他做事受到阻挠干扰，用这些来激励他的心志，使他的性情坚韧，增加他所不具备的才干。
九年级语文下册 第5单元 18《孟子》两章同步练习 新人教版(2021年整理)
九年级语文下册第5单元18《孟子》两章同步练习（新版）新人教版编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（九年级语文下册第5单元18《孟子》两章同步练习（新版）新人教版）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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18《孟子》两章我夯基我达标1请给下列加点字注音。
米粟．（) 亲戚畔．（）之傅说．（）法家拂．（)士2解释下列句中加点词的古今不同意思。
池．非不深也。
古义：______________ 今义：______________3下列句子中没有通假字的一句是（）A．困于心衡于虑B．寡助之至，亲戚畔之C．得道多助,失道寡助D．入则无法家拂士4用“/”正确划分下列句子的朗读停顿.(1）域民不以封疆之界。
（2）入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者。
5《得道多助，失道寡助》选自____________,中心论点是____________________。
阐述了孟子______________________________________的政治主张.《生于忧患，死于安乐》选自____________，中心论点是______________。
阐述了孟子__________的人才观。
我综合我发展一、阅读理解（一)阅读下面的文字,完成6~9题。
［甲]天时不如地利，地利不如人和。
三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。
夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣,然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。
城非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之,是地利不如人和也.故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险,威天下不以兵革之利。
九年级语文《孟子》两章 同步练习(一)新人教版
外文资料与中文翻译外文资料：The hydraulic pressure support development with first gazes[ Key word ] hydraulic pressure support; Control; Intellectualization1 hydraulic pressure supports developmentThe hydraulic pressure support is take the high-pressured liquid as a power, by certain hydraulic pressure part (cylinder, pipe accessory) one kind of strut and the control roof mining coal working surface equipment which becomes with some steel work combinations. Has the intensity high, the travelling speed quick, support the performance good, safe is reliable and so on the characteristic. Since the 20th century 50's, the hydraulic pressure support has gradually become the mining coal working surface core equipment, in the world mainly produced the coal country to invest the massive manpower physical resource and the financial resource carries on the research development to it. At present, support tends to take the hydraulic pressure support as the main body maturely, in the world has produced makes several hundred kind of frames and the up to ten thousand kind of models hydraulic pressure support, meets each kind of coal bed mining support need. On the century 60's, our country once has also developed 10 kind of hydraulic pressure supports, because all sorts of reasons have not obtained the promoted application, the hydraulic pressuresupport is in the development, the experimental stage; The 70's successively from England, Germany, Poland, former Soviet Union and so on mainly produce the coal country to introduce several 10 sets of hydraulic pressure supports. After the unceasing exploration, the use, the digestion and the summary, make each kind of type the support, it is the beginning which the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support develops; The 80's hydraulic pressure support research and development is in the innovation to enhance the stage, develops 30 kind of new frames one after another, makes the ZZ series, the XY series, the ZD series and so on the different specification, and widely uses in the state-owned large and middle scale coal mines, obtains the good economic efficiency; 90's special hydraulic pressure support development obtains the rapid development, the mechanized shop net support, the water granulated substance fills the support, the reason support, the force support, puts goes against the coal support and so on to be published one after another; This century along with the computer technology, the automated technology popularization and the application, the hydraulic pressure support control obtains unprecedentedness to progress, gradually to the procedure control, the numerical control, the remote control and the automated control makes great strides forward.2 domestic and foreign hydraulic pressure supportsdifferenceThe domestically produced support in the manufacture technology, the material quality performance, the processing craft, the control system and inthe sealing property compares with the overseas advanced countries has the very big disparity.2.1 processings manufactures aspectAccording to the related synthesis picks the engineers and technicians to reflect that, the domestically produced hydraulic pressure support craft technology, the service life, the operational performance, use the material quality so far not yet to achieve in 1979 introduced 100 sets of supports the technical levels. If structural material: Germany uses the ST52 material it yield strength is 500 MPa, but our country uses 16 Mn material yield strength is only 350 MPa; Valve class: Overseas always uses the copper alloy valve shell and the high strength stainless steel valve core, our country is the 45# steel adds surface heat processing; In processing craft: The overseas cylinder endophragm is duplicate plates, the domestic product for does not plate, causes the column premature to appear the spot in the use process, scratches and so on the seal leaks the fluid phenomenon, affects support the effect. The domestically produced hydraulic pressure support and the overseas production hydraulic pressure support compares the average to reduce 2 ~ 3 a service life.2.2 control systems aspectThe domestically produced hydraulic pressure support control system research and development is at backwardness condition, seriously restricted the support to move supposes the speed the enhancement and the synthesis picks the economic efficiency the display. In the world several mainly produce the coal great nation throughout to enhance the support control system achievement the synthesis to pick the economic efficiency the important method, the 20th century 60's use manually straight control theoperating system; The 70's use the forerunner control system, along with it England first proposed the development electrohydraulic control system, the eighty's tends to maturely; The 90's ladders company develops the entire working surface electrohydraulic control system, follows closely after that Wister to cut down the advantage Asia - shell Switzerland special company to develop more advanced P - M3, P - the M4 electrohydraulic control system. Presently country and so on US, Germany, England, Australia basically all is the programmable electrohydraulic control, but our country still used the hand control system.2.3 hydraulic pressure parts aspectThe hydraulic pressure part research and development speed lags by far to the hydraulic pressure support need to develop. The hydraulic pressure support reliability mainly relies on the hydraulic pressure part reliability, the hydraulic pressure support in the coal mine production applies whether succeeds, the key lies in the hydraulic pressure part the technical performance whether does meet the requirements. Overseas at present uses the great current capacity safety valve, the fluid much controls the cone-way valve, the cut-off valve, initially supports the strength maintenance valve and the column quickly returns at once the fluid valve. To the hydraulic pressure part structural style, the geometry size, the choice of material, the heat treatment method and the surface treatment and so on various aspects have conducted the thorough research and the development. Develops one batch of sealing property well, the sensitivity high, enters the row of fluid ability to be big, the anti- impact load strong each kind of hydraulic pressure part, adapts the hydraulic pressure support operatingperformance request. But our country kind of hydraulic pressure part research and development lags regarding this, at present still continued to use the century for 80's the product, has not formed the hydraulic pressure part universalization, the seriation, the standardization3 hydraulic pressure supports prospects for developmentforecastIn view of the fact that the science and technology high speed development, new technical, the new craft, the new method, the new material unceasing application and the computer technology unprecedented expansion, the hydraulic pressure support future development will have the extremely attractive prospect.3.1 designs ideas renewal, the hydraulic pressure support develops a revolutionMust consider the environment in the hydraulic pressure support design the attribute. Because the hydraulic pressure support working condition is bad, the person, machine the environment reciprocity question appears importantly. The green design is the choice of material, the product structure, the technique, the outward appearance modelling and the color matches according to the certain rule, adopts artistic the method to perform ingeniously to fuse, fully manifests the man-machine environment system the harmonious unification. The unwieldy hydraulic pressure support image safe, reliable, is been easy to service, lowly to consume energy, the high efficiency, the modelling artistic substitutes. This kind of green design, it not only Filtersthe environment and the resources both must meet the economical development needs, and must meet the human survivaldevelopment needs, is the humanity sustainable developmental strategy in support design manifesting. For example: The hydraulic pressure support uses the multi- goals fuzzy design in the design process, requests to support the strength in a big way, moves a speed quickly, weight light, the timber wood are few and so on, each goal determined a function, namely many designs objective function, then the combination optimizes, determination preferred plan.3.2 will adopt the pure water hydraulic pressure technology, the hydraulic pressure support becomes the green machineryThe pure water hydraulic pressure technology is the hydraulic pressure domain development front. It not only has good anti- burns the nature, the radiation, moreover the price also cheaply, does not have the pollution, since the long-time hydraulic pressure support in Surfaceunder has worked, because the use actuating medium is the emulsion, and has many chemical additives (emulsifier, guards against rust medicinal preparation, antiseptic, partner mixture and so on), the micro environmental pollution is extremely serious to the surface below, therefore, the hydraulic pressure support use pure water hydraulic pressure technology, to reduces the coal mine the production cost, protects the environment is beneficial, and may greatly improve the mine pit the work and the security condition. Unceasingly progresses along with the society, the people had a higher request to the dependent survival environment, hoped has a security, the environmental protection, the highly civilized green environment. The time request summoned the hydraulic pressure transmission (to origin in 1605 discovered the Pascal's law) this ancient brand-new technology resurfaced, and received the world the attention. At present, the western nationconcentrates the strength to study this technology, and makes the unprecedented progress. For example: The lubrication attrition question, reasonably selects rubs the vice- material, has the engineering plastics, the structure ceramics, the high polymer material, guards against rust anticorrosion coating and so on. The structure ceramics have the resistance to wear, the anti- cavitation performance is good, the good chemical stability, characteristic and so on lower friction factor, prepares is favoured. Replaces the partial metals material in the hydraulic pressure part with the structure ceramics, big improvement its performance. In brief, the new material success develops and applies, precisely processes technical the unceasing progress, as well as each kind of new structure hydraulic pressure part making, all will become the hydraulic pressure support to use the pure water hydraulic pressure technology to enter the strict non- pollution domain, will provide the extremely attractive application prospects for development.3.3 high tech applications, the hydraulic pressure support tends to the intellectualizationThe advanced science and technology application is mutually seeps each kind of technology, mutually unifies in the foundation mutually assists, mutually promotes and the enhancement, fully uses each kind of related technical the superiority, enhances strong points and avoid weaknesses, after causes the combination the overall function to be bigger than the composition whole sum of each part of function comprehensive interdisciplinary studies.. The many kinds of technologies unceasingly seep to "the mechanical parent substance - hydraulic pressure support", including technical and so on machine, electricity, fluid, light, magnetism servosystem.Specifically said that, is the strength, the speed which outputs by the hydraulic pressure support are a goal, constituted from has output to the input closed-loop system, was involves sensing the technology, the computer control technology, the signal processing technology, the mechanical drive technology, the hydraulic transmission technology and so on. Because fast operating speed, formidable memory function and keen logical judgement function, thus has realized the man-machine dialogue, causes it operation maintenance conveniently, the entire machine function to be strong. The hydraulic pressure support application function unceasingly expands, unceasingly strengthens to the mine pit coal bed geology condition compatibility, production benefit to equipment dependent degree increasingly big, the operational reliability is more important. The breakdown diagnosis technology (including signal examination, breakdown judgement, failure detection, content and so on fault analysis) along with the high tech development theory (for example wavelet technology, nerve network, artificial intelligence and so on) will enter the hydraulic pressure support the early diagnosis, the prevention and the reduced accident occurrence, service blindness and the maintenance time, will lengthen the support service life, will enhance the production efficiency.4 concluding remarkIn summary, the hydraulic pressure support at present develops the main tendency is: Two columns shields type, enhances the hydraulic pressure support intensity, the design factor, moves a speed, the improvement individual part structure (overall top-beam, width center distance and so on), hydraulic pressure pipe accessory seriation,standardization, universalization, high working resistance, redundant reliability, with micro electron technology realization machine electrohydraulic integration digital gathering, operating mode monitor, breakdown diagnosis and automatic control.Hydraulic pressure support battery solution control engineering researchand applicationKey word:Hydraulic pressure support;Battery solution control system;Design applicationA coal mining technology significant innovation. At present,The battery solution control technology in synthesis and so on US, Germany picked the technical leading country to obtain the widespread application,But our country then only then gradually the necessary use battery solution controls the technology in recent years on some hydraulic pressure supports1 battery solution control technology basic principle and main composition1.1 Battery solution control technology basic principle（1）Bidirectional neighbour control system.The synthesis picks working surface each support has the frame to control the box,The operator controls the box choice neighbour control mode through the support frame,Then sends out the corresponding control command according to the instruction (to produce electrical signal),Causes electro-magnet or micro electrical machinery movement which on neighbour corresponds,Let the electrical signal transform as the hydraulicpressure signal,Controls the host to control the valve to open,Supplies the fluid to the support hydraulic cylinder,Realization neighbour support corresponding movement. The support working mode active status feeds back the frame by the position transmitter and the pressure transmitter to control the box,The frame controls the box to decide the support again according to the sensor feedback signal the next movement.（2）Bidirectional becomes the group control system.Arranges the working surface support is certain groups,In on this group of in first frames presses the frame by the operator to control the box the start key,Sends out an instruction,Neighbour presses the pre-set sequence movement,After moves the frame to complete automatically sends out the control signal to control the box for next,Next starts the movement. Infer from this,In realization group support automatic control.（3）Entire working surface automatic control system.The function consummates battery solution.The control system is equipped with the main control console, the infrared installment,Can realize the support and the coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automation control. Its principle is:On each support frame controls the box with the main control console networking,When the support infrared receiving device receives the position which the coal mining machine infrared launcher sends out to believe.After number,The feedback gives the main control console,The main control console sends out the instruction according to the feedback signal,Causes the corresponding support movement.1.2 Main constituent（1）Battery solution controller (SCU).The battery solution controller is a control system department.Series "heart",It by microprocessor, the intelligence transmission unit, operates the keyboard and the data receiving device and so on is composed. The battery solution controller has two aspects the functions:On the one hand is defers to the operational order and the pre-set sequence completes the solenoid valve group to open shuts,Then control support column, hoisting jack movement;On the other hand it receives the condition data which on the support obtains (including pressure, displacement and so on) and performs to analyze the judgment,Then controls the support the movement,And demonstrates the support state variable and the support breakdown.（2）Battery solution control valve group (FZ).The control valve group is one kind of multipurpose control hydraulic pressure solenoid valve,May replace the fluid cycle selector valve,This kind of valve assembly has causes the support movement the valve group and the surveillance support working condition pressure switch,Opens or the closed valve passage according to the controller instruction.（3）Central control bench (MCU).Whether the system does use MCU,Must the working surface automated horizontal height which determined according to the user decide. Only installs the battery solution controller,Even does not need to install the ground master control room (MCU1) and the mine shaft control room (MCU2),Also may realize the entire automation. The lowest level control system is a bidirectional neighbour unicontrol,What at present is commonly used is "as soon as controls four" the system,Then expands to the automaticarrangement, becomes the group to control, to become the group to pass and the combination function and so on,These all do not need the central control bench.（4）Periphery accessory.The battery solution control system has can surveyCondition, And transforms the hydraulic pressure parameter into the electronic signal original part pressure transmitter,The reflection passes the hoisting jack travelling schedule position contact sensor as well as uses for automatically to start the coal mining machine long-distance control hydraulic pressure support battery solution controller the infrared receiver and so on. All sensors all have respective output signal,Thus may discover the position which the line severs,And is distinguished by each support battery solution controller. If the system matches in the mine shaft working surface or the ground control roomHas the central control bench,Has the breakdown cable line or the sensor can demonstrate on the key station screen,Like this very easy definite breakdown position battery solution control flow like chart 1 shows2 、battery solutions control the support the merit Below this support and the hand control system compare has the merit （1）The support travelling speed is quick.At present the domestic hydraulic pressure support is es the hand control,It passes the speed besides to receive the system current capacity and the hydraulic pressure part has flowed the ability the limit,The worker also has the direct influence in the bay travelling speed to it,This kind of influence appears the outstandingly in the thin coal bed. The batterysolution control support work process may automatically circulate carries on,Sped up moved a speed form eight to ten mintenuse,This speed can follow form13113 to 1315m/Min coal mining machine speed,Shan Taibeng current capacity 400 L/Min,Needs 2 to pump the simultaneous working. Satisfied the high efficiency coal mining machine fast to cut..（2）Improved the roof to support and protect the condition.Because uses to press every timeNiu operates,May enable the support to follow close on after the coal mining machine carries on supports and protects,Moreover,Must act the support requests its two sides the support fastening to support and protect the roof,This characteristic and the correct strut unify,The guarantee forms a firm protecting band along the working surface.（3）Guaranteed the hydraulic pressure support fixed initially supports the strength.Battery solution control system.The passable excess pressure sensor feedback signal or lengthens the control electromagnetism the pilot valve on time realization at the beginning of support to support the strength self-preservation first. Guaranteed fixed initially supports the strength,Reduced the column to increase anti- needs the time,Enhanced has supported and protected the efficiency,Also the entire working surface at the beginning of support supports the strength evenly to be consistent,Improved the roof control（4）May have the pressure to move the frame.Uses the battery solution control system,Is moving the frame.In process,Easy to realize the belt pressure to move the frame,Reduced theworking surface roof to have the frequent impact load to the hydraulic pressure support,Protection roof adjacent formation stability,Lengthens the hydraulic pressure support the service life.（5）Improved the working surface straight line.With manual operationcompared to,The overwhelming majority battery solution control support all is pusher type,This meant the conveyer pulls the phenomenon to be few,Causes all supports by the biggest displacement quantity to abut in a working surface conveyer armored cable side,Maintains a straight working surface. Moves a step of distance to be accurate,Cuts the crest line to be neat,Improved has supported and protected the effect,And causes the scraper conveyer and the entire working surface straight line. The nature is good,The coal mining machine truncation depth is accurate. Improved the scraper conveyer and the coal mining machine operating mode. Moreover at the same time the multi- frames pushes slides,Slowly causes the scraper conveyer to be curving,Avoids the chute attachment point having the oversized stress.（6）Improved the support operator's working condition.Battery solution controltechnical application,Has realized the hydraulic pressure support remote control operation,But indirect maintenance,The worker work condition and the labor intensity have the enormous improvement,Because uses the computer automatic control,Reduced worker's misoperation.（7）The operation flexibility is big.Supports and protects the system the support operation sequence is very easy to change,May act according to the different mining condition,Issuitable specially for the thin coal bed and inclines anxiously the coal bed,Also may use in the drum coal mining machine working surface,Also may use in the coal plow working surface;Also may use in promptly supporting and protecting (moves first frame boosts slides) supports and protects the way,Also after may use in lags supports and protects (pushes first slides moves) supporting and protecting the way.（8）The system can realize the long-distance procedure control.The operator may the root.According to coal mining machine coal cutting choice of direction best position,Has avoided operator's casualty,At the same time also reduced the dust to the body the harm.（9）The battery solution control system may and the coal mining machine and the scraper conveyer.Automatic control system coordination linkage,Realizes the entire automated synthesis to pick the working surface. The support and the coal mining machine running status and the data may transmit to the tunnel in the main control console and the ground central control center,Is advantageous for the realization entire mine pit automated management.3、domestic and foreign development surveysAt present US, Germany and so on walk in this technology in the world front row,Its hydraulic pressure support battery solution control technology disposition has the breakdown to diagnose the early-warning installation,May realize the hydraulic pressure support and the coal mining machine, the scraper machine linkage and the long-distance control. Our country develops the hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system start to be late,Has developed successfully the first entire workingsurface hydraulic pressure support battery solution control system since 1995,Also has the many kinds of models the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support to be published. But our country produces battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also not in mine shaft promotion use,Many high production highly effective working surfaces use the battery solution control system hydraulic pressure support also to have from the overseas import. The support battery solution control system develops which from our country looked,Still was in Shan Jia and becomes the group procedure to control.System initial stage. In the system does not have the main control console,Support and coal mining machine linkage entire working surface automatic control system also in development stage. Zhengzhou coal mine mechanical group limited liability company in the last few years through and German DBT Corporation, emperor fragrance Bach company and so on cooperation,The overseas advanced battery solution valve the hydraulic pressure support which will produce with this company necessary,Takes the lead to put into the use in the Jincheng coal industry group,Has met the design requirements completely,Has coal industry group 6 syntheses successively and so on the Jincheng, god China picks working surface nearly 800.The battery solution control hydraulic pressure support already or was going to put into the use. ZY4400 /9 /21 thin coal bed coal plow working surface battery solution control hydraulic pressure support and the ZY8640 /2,515 /55 manufacture domestically picks the high shield type hydraulic pressure support through to have the product appraisal in pairs greatly which four Chinese Academy of Science academicians participates(appraisal),The appraisal thought these 2 kind of supports overall performance achieves the world advanced level. Moreover,Corporate design manufacture Chinese god China localization battery solution control hydraulic pressure.Support ZY7600 /22 /45/The world is highest 612 meter two columns shields type battery solution control hydraulic pressure support ZY9400 /28 /62 has all represented the domestically produced support maximum level,Achieved or approaches the world advanced level.Above two articles originate from Elsevier the ScienceDirect periodica液压支架的发展与前瞻[关键词] 液压支架; 控制; 智能化1液压支架发展概述液压支架是以高压液体为动力,由若干个液压元件(油缸、阀件)与一些金属构件组合而成的一种支撑和控制顶板的采煤工作面设备。
人教版八年级上册(2017部编版)第21课《孟子二章》 同步练习(可打印修改)
人教版语文九下第18课《〈孟子〉二章》同步练习1、基础知识部分1、解释下面句子中加点词语。
（1）管夷吾举于士。
（2）生于忧患，死于安乐。
（3）困于心，衡于虑。
（4）所以动心忍性2、翻译下面句子（1）所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
译：.（2）人恒过，然后能改；译：.3、下列加点词语意义和用法相同的一项是：（）A.入则无法家拂士俟其欣悦，则又请焉B.管夷吾举于士于是冰皮始解C.必先苦其心志其两膝相比者D.傅说举于版筑之中无丝竹之乱耳4、下列句子没有语病的一项是（）A．《查理周刊》恐袭事件发生后，法国总统奥朗德和总理瓦尔斯1月21日公布系列反恐措施，宣布未来3年将投放逾7亿欧元左右用于打击恐怖主义。
B．五四时期，革命青年为救亡图存奔走呼号，体现了高尚的爱国情操。
C．民政部将以“流浪孩子回校园”专项行动为抓手，完善与建立流浪未成年人救助保护体系。
D．元旦小长假期间，出现了路上车满为患、车祸频发，景区人满为患、人败景致。
5、下列各句中标点符号使用有错误的一项是（）A.我们吃了一顿傣家风味的饭菜：芭蕉花、烤肉、炒蕨菜……B.忽然间，我觉得，这不就是唐诗中所说的“入云深处亦沾衣”吗？C.他是真的没有听到我的话呢？还是故意装作没听见？D.“谁言寸草心，报得三春晖！”余光中的《乡愁》和《乡愁四韵》，是海外游子深情而优美的恋歌！2、阅读理解（1）课内阅读读《生于忧患，死于安乐》一文，回答后面问题1、第一段所举历史人物有什么共同点？2、“故天将降大任于是人也”在全文的结构上有何作用？3、下面对选文内容理解不正确的一项是（）（2分）A、选文第一段列举古代圣君贤臣起于微贱的事例作为论据。
B、选文第二段对所举事例加以概括，得出要增长才干，必须先经受艰苦磨炼的观点。
C、文章的中心论点是：生于忧患，死于安乐。
D、选文先谈人，主要体现“死于安乐”；后论国，主要体现“生于忧患”。
4、《论语》中孔子曾称赞他的弟子颜回说：“贤哉回也！一箪食，一瓢饮，在陋巷，人不堪其忧，回也不改其乐。
《孟子两章》-同步练习(人教版)
《孟子两章》同步训练《生于忧患，死于安乐》练习班级姓名：舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
人恒过，然后能改，困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。
入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
1、《生于忧患，死于安乐》选自，中心论点是。
阐述了孟子的人才观。
2、给下面的加点字注音。
畎．亩（）傅说．（）胶鬲．（）法家拂．士（）3、找出句子中的通假字并解释。
入则无法家拂士。
困于心衡于虑。
曾益其所不能4、解释下列句子中加点字的意思所以．．动心忍．性（）（）困于心衡于虑而后作．（）傅说举．于版筑之间（）出．则无敌国外患者（）故天将降大任于．是人也（）空乏．．其身（）舜发．于畎亩之中（）管夷吾举于士．（）百里奚举于市．．（）（）苦．其心志（）人恒．过（）5、翻译句子：（1）入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡（2）故天将降大任于是人也。
（3）生于忧患，死于安乐。
6、比较下列各组加点的词语，意思相同的一项是（）A．国恒亡．河曲智叟亡．以应B．故．天将降大任于是人也故．虽有名马，祗辱于奴隶人之手C．故天将降大任于是．人也安能辨我是．雄雌 D．国．恒亡则有去国．怀乡7、本文作者认为国家长盛不衰，就需要有□□□□和□□□□。
(用课文词语回答)8、开篇列举的六位人物有什么共同的特点？试具体比较分析。
9、孟子在选文第①段中以六位历史人物的经历告诉人们：。
请写出与之意思相近的一句名言？10、孟子在文中列举了六位历史人物的经历，强调了“逆境能成才；现在有人认为“顺境也能成才”。
对此，你有什么看法，请举例谈谈。
《得道多助，失道寡助》同步练习一、文学常识填空：1、孟子，名。
时期学派的代表人物。
2、《孟子》是一部记录的思想观点和政治活动的书，共七篇。
新人教版九年级语文〈孟子〉二章 同步练习
〈孟子〉二章同步练习一、给黑体的字注音：1.失道寡（）助2.傅说（）3.胶鬲（）4.畎（）亩5.人恒（）过6.亲戚（）7.行拂乱其所为（）8.舜（）二、根据拼音写出汉字：1.三里之城，七里之guō（）2.yù（）民不以封疆之界3.管yí（）吾举于士4.孙叔áo（）举于海5.百里xī（）举于市6.故天将jiàng（）大任于是人也三、为黑体字选择正确解释。
1.环而攻之（）A.环节B.环子C.围绕包围2.城非不高也（）A.城墙B.城镇C.都城3.池非不深也（）A.池塘B.像水池的C.护城河4.兵革非不坚利也（）A.兵器B.军事C.军队5.委而去之（）A.曲折B.枯萎C.放弃6.域民不以封疆之界（）A.区域B.界限C.限制7.傅说举于版筑之间（）A.举起B.被推举C.举行8.故天将降大任于是人也（）A.降低B.投降C.落下9.所以动心忍性（）A.本性B.性情C.性命10.人恒过（）A.过失B.经过C.犯错误11.而后作（）A.奋起B.写作C.作品四、写出下列黑体的通假字的本字，并解释其意义。
1.亲戚畔之__________通__________，__________。
2.曾益其所不能__________通__________，__________。
3.困于心，衡于虑__________通__________，__________。
4.入则无法家拂士__________通__________，__________。
五、写出下列黑体字的古义和今义。
1.兵革非不坚利也：2.委而去之：3.傅说举于版筑之间：4.曾益其所不能：5.百里奚举于市：6.故天将降大任于是人也：六、选择下列句子的正确译文。
1.委而去之。
（）A.受委屈而离开他B.放弃城而逃跑C.受委托到那儿去2.故君子有不战，战必胜矣。
（）A.所以君子有时不打仗，有时就打了胜仗。
B.过去的君子有的不打仗，打仗的就一定能取胜。
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《孟子两章》同步训练
《生于忧患，死于安乐》练习
班级姓名：
舜发于畎亩之中，傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中，管夷吾举于士，孙叔敖举于海，百里奚举于市。
故天将大任于是人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。
人恒过，然后能改，困于心，衡于虑，而后作；征于色，发于声，而后喻。
入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡。
然后知生于忧患，而死于安乐也。
1、《生于忧患，死于安乐》选自，中心论点是。
阐述了孟子的人才观。
2、给下面的加点字注音。
畎．亩（）傅说．（）胶鬲．（）法家拂．士（）
3、找出句子中的通假字并解释。
入则无法家拂士。
困于心衡于虑。
曾益其所不能
4、解释下列句子中加点字的意思
所以
．．动心忍．性（）（）困于心衡于虑而后作．（）
傅说举．于版筑之间（）出．则无敌国外患者（）
故天将降大任于．是人也（）空乏
．．其身（）
舜发．于畎亩之中（）管夷吾举于士．（）
百里奚举于市
．．（）（）苦．其心志（）人恒．过（）
5、翻译句子：
（1）入则无法家拂士，出则无敌国外患者，国恒亡
（2）故天将降大任于是人也。
（3）生于忧患，死于安乐。
6、比较下列各组加点的词语，意思相同的一项是（）
A．国恒亡．河曲智叟亡．以应
B．故．天将降大任于是人也故．虽有名马，祗辱于奴隶人之手
C．故天将降大任于是．人也安能辨我是．雄雌 D．国．恒亡则有去国．怀乡
7、本文作者认为国家长盛不衰，就需要有□□□□和□□□□。
(用课文词语回答)
8、开篇列举的六位人物有什么共同的特点？试具体比较分析。
9、孟子在选文第①段中以六位历史人物的经历告诉人们：。
请写出与之意思相近的一句名言？
10、孟子在文中列举了六位历史人物的经历，强调了“逆境能成才；现在有人认为“顺境也能成才”。
对此，你有什么看法，请举例谈谈。
答案：
1、《孟子·告子》生于忧患，死于安乐关于人才要在困难环境中磨炼造就
3、拂通弼，辅弼衡通横，梗塞，不顺曾能增，增加
4、使……坚韧、奋起，有所作为、被举用，被选拔、在外面，指国外、
给、动词，使他受到贫困之苦、指被任用
5、翻译
（1）（一个国家）内部如果没有坚持法度和辅佐君王的贤士，外部没有敌国外患，这个国家就往往会导致灭亡。
（2）所以上天将要下达重大的使命给这样的人。
（3）忧患（能激励人勤奋）使人生存发展；安逸享乐使人萎靡，必将导致灭亡。
6、B
7、法家拂士敌国外患
8、这六个人出身都卑微。
（种田、筑墙、贩卖鱼盐、犯人、隐居者、奴隶），他们都是经过艰苦的磨练，显露出不同凡人的才干，后来都被统治者一一委以重任，而且干出了一番出色的事业。
9、人要成大器，就必须经受磨练
自古英雄多磨难，从来纨绔少伟男
10、这是一道开放性试题，无惟一答案。
针对其中一个观点或两个观点结合起来谈，言之成理均可。
《得道多助，失道寡助》同步练习
一、文学常识填空：
1、孟子，名。
时期学派的代表人物。
2、《孟子》是一部记录的思想观点和政治活动的书，共七篇。
南宋朱熹将《孟子》、、、并称为“四书”。
二、解释一词多义：
道：1、会天大雨，道．不通（）2、得道．者多助（）3、伐无道．，诛暴秦（）固：1、固．国不以山溪之险（）2、汝心之固，固．不可彻（）
池：1、有良田美池．桑竹之属（）2、池．非不深也（）
国：1、固国．不以山溪之险（）2、搜于国．中三日三夜（）
三、解释加点词：
1、环．而攻之而．不胜（）（）
2、夫．环而攻之（）
3、是．天时不如地利也（）
4、兵革
．．非不坚利也（）
5、委．而去．之（）（）
6、域．民不以．封疆之界（）
7、威．天下不以兵革之利（）8、寡．助之至，亲戚畔．之（）（）
四、翻译下面句子：
1、故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。
2、得道者多助，失道者寡助。
3、以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。
4、然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。
五、回答问题：
天时不如地利，地利不如人和。
三里之城，七里之郭，环而攻之而不胜。
夫环而攻之，必有得天时者矣，然而不胜者，是天时不如地利也。
地非不高也，池非不深也，兵革非不坚利也，米粟非不多也，委而去之，是地利不如人和也。
故曰，域民不以封疆之界，固国不以山溪之险，威天下不以兵革之利。
得道者多助，失道者寡助。
寡助之至，亲戚畔之。
多助之至，天下顺之。
以天下之所顺，攻亲戚之所畔，故君子有不战，战必胜矣。
1、本文的中心论点是
2、从上文看，得“人和”的实质是“”，得“人和”的最佳局面是“”。
3、本文主要采用的论证方法是。
4、现代生活中，“得道多助，失道寡助”仍然有其普遍的意义，请结合你的生活，谈谈对“道”的理解。
5、请写出一句与“人和”有关的名言警句：
答案：
一、
1、轲战国儒家
2、孟子及其弟子《大学》、《论语》、《中庸》
二、解释一词多义：
道：道路仁政道义
固：巩固固执，顽固
池：池塘护城河
国：国防国都
三、解释加点词：
1、围攻表转折
2、发语词
3、这
4、泛指武器装备
5、委：放弃；去：离开
6、限制凭借
7、震慑
8、少“畔”同“叛”，意义：背叛。
四、翻译下面句子：
1、所以说，管理百姓（限制老百姓）不能只靠划定的疆域的界限，
巩固国防不能靠山川的险阻，征服天下不能靠武力的强大。
2、能施行“仁政”的君主，帮助支持他的人就多，不施行“仁政”的君主，
支持帮助他的人就少。
3、凭着天下人都归顺他的条件，去攻打那连内外亲属（兄弟骨肉）
都反对的寡助之君，所以，(能行“仁政”的)君主不战则已，战就一定胜利。
五、回答问题
1、天时不如地利，地利不如人和
2、“得道”“天下顺之”
3、举例论证,对比论证
4、（1）、以国家外交部而言，“道”指国家间和平共处、互不侵犯；
（2）、以国家内部而言，“道”指爱民，为老百姓着想；（3）、以个人而言，“道”指与人为善，仁义道德。
5、二人同心，其利断金。
家和万事兴。
兄弟同心金不换，妯娌同心家不散。
众人拾柴火焰高
团结就是力量
人心齐，泰山移。