2019高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题：专题3 阅读理解 第2节 一
天津专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第一节技法点拨优选习题
专题三阅读理解第一节技法点拨高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成4篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。
考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。
近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。
为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年天津卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点：由以上统计可看出，天津卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以应用文、记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。
一、阅读理解解题四步法第一步：扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。
第二步：通读全文，抓住中心。
1.通读全文，抓两个重点：(1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题。
(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。
其他部分略读，有重点地读。
2.抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：(1)文章叙述的主要内容是什么？(2)文章中有无提到核心概念？ (3)作者的大致态度是什么？第三步 仔细审题，返回原文。
仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩。
定位原则：(1)通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。
(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)(2)自然段定位原则。
出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。
要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。
第四步重叠选项，选出答案。
1.通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较，重叠选项，选出答案。
2.做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。
二、研读答案特征1.正确答案的特征：(1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。
(2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。
2019高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题：专题3 阅读理解 第2节 四
四、推理判断——细节推断题(2018·6月天津，B)When I was 17，I read a magazine article about a museum called the McNay，once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay.She had requested the community to turn it into a museum upon her death.On a sunny Saturday，Sally and I drove over to the museum.She asked，“Do you have the address？”“No，but I’ll recognize it，there was a picture in the magazine.”“Oh，stop.There it is！”The museum was free.We entered，excited.A group of people sitting in the hall stopped talking and stared at us.“May I help you？” a man asked.“No，” I said.“We’re fine.” Tour guides got on my nerves.What if they talked a long time about a painting you weren’t that interested in？Sally had gone upstairs.The people in the hall seemed very nosy(爱窥探的)，keeping their eyes on me with curiosity.What was their problem？I saw some nice sculptures in one room.Suddenly I sensed a man standing behind me.“Where do you think you are？”he asked.I turned sharply.“The McNay Art Museum！” He smiled，shaking his head.“Sorry，the McNay is on New Braunfels Street.”“What’s this place？”I asked，still confused.“Well，it’s our home.”My heart jolted(震颤).I raced to the staircase and called out，“Sally! Come down immediately！”“There’s some really good stuff(艺术作品) up there.”She stepped down，looking confused.I pushed her toward the front door，waving at the family，saying，“Sorry，please forgive us，you have a really nice place.” Outside，when I told Sally what happened，she covered her mouth，laughing.She couldn’t believe how long they let us look around without saying anything.The real McNay was splendid，but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.Van Gogh，Picasso.This time，we stayed together，in case anything else unusual happened.Thirty years later，a woman approached me in a public place.“Excuse me，did you ever enter a residence，long ago，thinking it was the McNay Museum？”“Yes.But how do you know？We never told anyone.”“That was my home.I was a teenager sitting in the hall.Before you came over，I never realized what a beautiful place I lived in.I never felt lucky before.You thought it was a museum.My feelings about my home changed after that.I’ve always wanted to thank you.”41.What do we know about Marian McNay?A.She was a painter.B.She was a community leader.C.She was a museum director.D.She was a journalist.答案 A解+析细节理解题。
2019年高考真题英语(天津卷含解析)
名师考前提醒01选择题做完就填答题卡这是针对考试总会忘记填答题卡的考生，为避免非智力因素失分，一般每门一做完选择题就填答题卡。
这时填答题卡心态较平静，不会因为担心时间不够而出现涂写错位的情况。
考试成绩的好坏往往与考试的心情有关，所以我们一定要调节好自己的考试心情。
特别是刚开始的状态，利用一些小的技巧如做完试题就填涂答题卡等，这样可以避免在最后时间较紧的情况下因匆忙而涂错、涂串或是没有涂完而造成遗憾。
02考前看相关资料转换思维考英语前最好看看复习资料，并不是要记住什么知识点，而是让大脑提前进入状态。
而数学试卷对一些学生来说比较发怵，建议在心中回忆梳理一下相关知识点，可驱使自己进入状态，效果不错。
考试紧张，这是很正常的事情，考试不紧张，就不正常了。
但是不能过度紧张，那样会给自己很大的压力不利于水平的发挥。
可以和同学聊一聊天，说说话放松一下。
03遇事都往好处想看大题时，先不想该怎么做，只是看它如何表述，甚至跟自己说“这题我会做，第一问认真看就能做对”，让自己有一个平和的心态答题。
即使是弱科，我们也要知足常乐，我只要把会做的都做上，在一场考试中把会的都做对其实就是很好的发挥了。
时刻给自己打一打气，阿Q一下，这样把对自己的期待放低一些，心态就平稳了，也就高兴了，这可以使得思路更顺畅，而超水平发挥也就很正常了。
04别看他人答题的速度考场上不要左顾右盼，观察别人做题的进度，万一人家比自己快，会给自己压力。
在考场上和比较熟悉的老师、同学可以主动打个招呼。
即使是不认识的老师，也可问候一声“老师好”，一般老师都会像老朋友似地回以微笑，这可以缓解紧张的情绪。
这一些方法和措施都是很有助于调节考试心态与考试情绪的。
有心理学家研究证明，人在平稳的平稳或是心情高兴的时候，智商最高，情商也不错，更容易发挥出自己的高水平来。
05答题遇困难要镇静，巧用考前5分钟这个问题是涉及到考试策略与方法的，对于每一学科的考试，我们都应该有自己的考试策略和答题风格。
2019年高考英语天津专版二轮复习文档：专题三 阅读理解 第二节
第二节 方法运用于命题阅读理解的常考命题1．细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案。
其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等。
其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等。
2．词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大。
词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围。
要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等。
3．推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力。
推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键。
其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念。
其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等。
4．主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现。
其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩。
其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等。
注意 解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题。
(2017·天津，B)Fifteenyearsago，ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingup ahillforapanoramic(全景的)viewofthebluesea，whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees，Ipausedtocatchmybreathandth enpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately，justasItookoutmycamera，awomanapproachedfrombehind，andplant edherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme，thiswomanwasheretostop，sighandappreciate theview.PatientasIwas，afterabout15minutes，mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingthesh otIwouldeventuallytake，Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakej ustonepictureofthelandscape？Sure，Icouldhaveaskedher，butsomethingpreventedmef romdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’twanttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethe photoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit，Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimage interesting.Thelandscape，beautifulonitsown，somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecau sethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto，withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it，nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscapture d(捕捉) andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall？Abedroom，afterall，isaveryprivatespace，inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存)．Insomeways，shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapsweallliveineachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor：toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty，that weallshareacommondesireforpleasure，forconnection，forsomethingthatisgreatertha nus.Thatphotoisareminder，acapturedmoment，anunspokenconversationbetweentwowome n，separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.语篇解读 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题二完形填空第二节二夹叙夹议文优选习题
二、夹叙夹议文(2018·6月天津)No one is born a winner.People make themselves into winners by their own 1 .I learned this lesson from a(n) 2 many years ago.I took the head 3 job at a school in Baxley，Georgia.It was a small school with a weak football program.It was a tradition for the school’s old team to play against the 4 team at the end of spring practice.The old team had no coach，and they didn’t even practice to 5 the game.Being the coach of the new team，I was excited because I knew we were going to win，but to my disappointment we were defeated.I couldn’t 6 I had got into such a situation.Thinking hard about it，I came to 7 that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia，but they were 8 me.I had to change my 9 about their ability and potential.I started doing anything I could to help them build a little 10 .Most important，I began to treat them like 11 .That summer，when the other teams enjoyed their 12 ，we met every day and 13 passing and kicking the football.Six months after suffering our 14 on the spring practice field，we won our first game and our second，and continued to 15 .Finally，we faced the number one team in the state.I felt that it would be a 16 for us even if we lost the game.But that wasn’t what happened.My boys beat the best team in Georgia，giving me one of the greatest 17 of my life!From the experience I learned a lot about how the attitude of the leader can 18 the members of a team.Instead of seeing my boys as losers，I pushed and 19 them.I helped them to see themselves 20 ，and they built themselves into winners.Winners are made，not born.1.A.luck B.testsC.effortsD.nature答案 C解析联系上句“No one is born a winne r.(没有人天生是胜利者)”可知，人们成为胜利者靠的是自己的努力(efforts)。
(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破三细节理解_数字计算题课件
National Garden Day 28th August Holker once again opens its gardens in aid of the disadvantaged.
For just a small donation you can take a tour with our garden guide. Winter Market 8th November
语篇解读
21.How long does it probably take a tourist to drive to Holker from
Manchester?
A.20 minutes.
B.25 minutes.
C.45 minutes.
√D.90 minutes.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章的How to Get to Holker部分中“By
Gardens? A.￡12.00. C.￡8.00.
√B.￡9.00.
D.￡5.50.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章的Admission Charges部分中Hall &
Gardens 一 列 与 Groups 一 行 的 交 叉 处 可 知 ， 旅 游 团 的 一 个 成 员 游 览
Hall & Gardens所需要的费用为￡9.00。故选B。
(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破二细节理解-间接信息题优选习题
二、细节理解——间接信息题(2018·全国Ⅰ，A)Washington，D.C.Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.Duration：3 hoursMorning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and fortable bikes and a smooth tourroute(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration：3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。
天津市2019年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析
![天津市2019年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/c69bb7336ad97f192279168884868762caaebbea.png)
天津市2019年高考[英语]考试真题与答案解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there ___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。
1.—I guess you want to go play tennis.—___________. That’s exactly what I was thinking too.A. I didn’t get itB. It’s up to youC. You never knowD. You read my mind2. I ___________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ___________ who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them4. ___________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned5. ___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. In spite of6. —My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!—Wow, ___________! What’s he going to study?A. good for himB. go for itC. what a coincidenceD. all the best7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________ on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given9. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ___________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to help them succeed academically and personally.A. designedB. designingC. to designD. being designed11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what12. The professor warned the students that on no account ___________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’ opinion ___________ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ___________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished15. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.A. properlyB. widelyC. originallyD. temporarily第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
2019年高考英语真题天津卷及答案详细解析
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分，共130分，考试用时100分钟。
第l卷1至10页，第Ⅱ卷11至12页。
第I卷第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
例：Stand over there ___________ you’ll be able to see it better.A. orB. andC. butD. while答案是B。
1.—I guess you want to go play tennis.—___________. That’s exactly what I was thinking too.A. I didn’t get itB. It’s up to youC. You never knowD. You read my mind2. I ___________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.A. had hopedB. am hopingC. have hopedD. would hope3. A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than ___________ who are not.A. onesB. thoseC. theseD. them4. ___________ to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.A. LearnB. LearnedC. LearningD. Having learned5. ___________ all the problems, several of the players produced excellent performances.A. According toB. Instead ofC. In addition toD. In spite of6. —My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!—Wow, ___________! What’s he going to study?A. good for himB. go for itC. what a coincidenceD. all the best7. We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________ on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment8. Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is givenB. are givenC. was givenD. were given9. Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ___________ what he was saying.A. set asideB. take backC. make outD. keep off10. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ___________ to helpthem succeed academically and personally.A. designedB. designingC. to designD. being designed11. Their child is at the stage ___________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. whyB. whereC. whichD. what12. The professor warned the students that on no account ___________ use mobile phones in his class.A. should theyB. they shouldC. dare theyD. they dare13. Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents’opinion ___________ he wants their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after14. The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ___________ the task in half the time.A. accomplishedB. had accomplishedC. would accomplishD. would have accomplished15. A dog’s eating habit requires regular training before it is ___________ established.A. properlyB. widelyC. originallyD. temporarily 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16~35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
(天津专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略考前冲刺卷(二)
考前冲刺卷(二)第Ⅰ卷第一部分英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1.I actually believe that we would win the football match now if you on the left leg last month.A.weren’t injuredB.hadn’t been injuredC.haven’t bee n injuredD.wouldn’t be injured答案 B解析句意为：我确实认为如果上个月你的左腿没有受伤的话，我们现在就能赢下这场足球比赛了。
分析句子结构可知，I actually believe后是由that引导的宾语从句；且该宾语从句使用了混合虚拟语气，主句表示与现在情况相反，而if引导的虚拟条件句则表示与过去情况相反，故应用had done结构。
2.Tom will take charge of the meeting this afternoon，and he is asking once held the meeting for suggestions.A.whoB.thatC.whatD.whom答案 A解析句意为：汤姆将负责今天下午的会议，他正在征求曾主持过这种会议的人的建议。
ask sb. for suggestions向某人寻求建议。
根据句意及句子结构可知，空处在句中引导宾语从句，表示“谁”，且在从句中作主语，故需用who来引导该宾语从句。
3.Peking Duck， as one of the best ways to eat the delicious duck，has earneda reputation both at home and abroad.A.regardedB.regardingC.being regardedD.to be regarded答案 A解析句意为：北京烤鸭——被认为是最好的品尝美味鸭肉的方式之一——已经享誉国内外。
2019天津高考英语试题及答案word版
2019天津高考英语试题及答案word版2019年天津高考英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What does the man want to do?A. Buy a coat.B. Borrow a book.C. Get a job.2. Where are the speakers?A. In a restaurant.B. In a library.C. In a bookstore.3. What is the woman's opinion about the movie?A. It's interesting.B. It's boring.C. It's too long.4. How much will the woman pay for the tickets?A. $20.B. $30.C. $40.5. What does the man suggest the woman do?A. Take a taxi.B. Catch a bus.C. Walk to the station.二、单项填空（共15分）6. The book is worth _______.A. to readB. to be readC. readingD. being read7. She was so angry at her husband that she _______ the door when he entered the room.A. closedB. openedC. slammedD. knocked8. _______ the meeting on time gave us a great advantage.A. HeldB. Having heldC. To holdD. Holding9. It is reported that _______ people have been evacuated from the flood-stricken areas.A. hundredsB. thousandsC. millionsD. dozens10. The company has _______ a new policy to prevent employees from wasting time on social media.A. introducedB. implementedC. enforcedD. abolished三、完形填空（共20分）11. A. althoughB. becauseC. butD. so12. A. surprisedB. disappointedC. excitedD. bored13. A. decidedB. agreedC. refusedD. hesitated14. A. succeededB. failedC. hesitatedD. tried15. A. encouragedB. worriedC. annoyedD. impressed四、阅读理解（共30分）16. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of teamwork.B. The benefits of online learning.C. The challenges of starting a business.D. The advantages of remote work.17. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a benefit of remote work?A. Flexibility in working hours.B. Reduced commuting time.C. Increased job satisfaction.D. Greater office space for companies.18. What does the author suggest about remote work?A. It is a temporary solution.B. It is a long-term trend.C. It is a waste of resources.D. It is a threat to job security.19. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?A. To persuade readers to adopt remote work.B. To inform readers about the concept of remote work.C. To compare remote work with traditional office work.D. To criticize the idea of remote work.五、书面表达（共15分）20. Write an email to your friend, telling him/her about your recent school trip. You should include:- The destination of the trip- The activities you did- Your feelings about the trip注意：字数100左右，可适当发挥。
2019年天津市高考英语试卷解析版
2019年天津市高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．例：Stand over there ______you'll be able to see it better.A.or B. and C. but D. while答案是B．1．（1分）﹣I guess you want to go play tennis．﹣________．That's exactly what I was thinking too．（）A．I didn't get it B．It's up to youC．You never know D．You read my mind【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣我猜你想去打网球．﹣﹣你真是了解我．那正是我刚刚在想的事情．【解答】本题考查交际用语．I didn't get it我不明白；It's up to you由你决定；You never know 你永远不知道；You read my mind你真是了解我．根据句意和各个选项的含义可知答案．故选：D．【点评】本题考查交际用语，交际用语体现英语的实用性和交流功能，是重要的考查形式，平时多积累一些交际用语，做题时要结合上下文做题．2．（1分）I________to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldn't manage it．（）A．had hoped B．am hoping C．have hoped D．would hope【考点】E9：过去完成时．【分析】我本想送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我办不到．【解答】答案：A．考查时态．句意：我本想送彼得一件礼物，祝贺他结婚，但我办不到．根据后一句I couldn't manage it．可见本句是指的过去，在我们办不到之前就想过送彼得一件礼物，所以hope应该是过去的过去，所以应该用过去完成时had done结构．故选：A．【点评】动词时态的考点是近几年高考试题考查的重中之重．各地高考试题对动词时态的考查越来越侧重于语境化、交际化的理解，这加大了试题的难度，没有明确的时间状语，这就要求考生对句子的语境进行正确的判断，从而选出正确的时态．3．（1分）A study shows the students who are engaged in after﹣school activities are happierthan________who are not．（）A．ones B．those C．these D．them【考点】55：指示代词．【分析】一项研究表明，参加课后活动的学生比不参加课后活动的学生更快乐．【解答】答案：B 考查代词．ones替代前面的复数名词，表泛指；those代指时间或距离较远的人或事，或替代前面出现的同类名词，表特指，相当于the+复数名词；these 代指时间或距离较近的，或下面要提到的人或事；them是人称代词they的宾格，通常在句子中作宾语．此处代指前面名词the students ，是替代前面出现的同类名词，表特指，所以用those．故选：B．【点评】本题考查代词．熟知代词的分类及用法，做题时准确把握代词所替代的人或事物，并结合语境作出正确选择．4．（1分）_________to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future．（）A．Learn B．LearnedC．Learning D．Having learned【考点】B6：动名词．【分析】学会批判性思维是当今儿童未来需要的一项重要技能．【解答】答案：C 考查动名词．通过分析句子结构，所选单词在句子中作主语，AB两项分别为动词原形及过去式过去分词形式，可排除．结合表语中所含的定语从句today's children will need for the future，可知learn这个动作还未发生，C项符合语境．故选：C．【点评】本题考查动名词．熟记动名词形式及用法，并结合语境作出正确选择．5．（1分）________all the problems，several of the players produced excellent performances．（）A．According to B．Instead ofC．In addition to D．In spite of【考点】8B：介词短语．【分析】尽管有这些问题，但有几个运动员的表现还是很出色．【解答】答案：D．考查介词短语．句意：尽管有这些问题，但有几个运动员的表现还是很出色．A 根据；B 代替；C 另外；D 尽管．所以D选项符合句意．故选：D．【点评】英语中的固定短语，既不能添词，也不能少词，是固定的，要求同学们在平时记忆准确，然后根据句意找出记忆中的固定搭配，做出正确的答案．6．（1分）﹣My son got a full scholarship to his dream university!﹣Wow，________! What's he going to study？（）A．good for him B．go for itC．what a coincidence D．all the best【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣我的儿子得到他梦想大学的奖学金．﹣﹣哦，为他感到高兴！他打算学习什么？【解答】本题考查交际用语．good for him为他高兴；go for it去争取它；what a coincidence 真是巧合；all the best万事如意，根据句意和got a full scholarship to his dream university 可知答案．故选：A．【点评】本题考查交际用语，交际用语体现英语的实用性和交流功能，是重要的考查形式，平时多积累一些交际用语，做题时要结合上下文做题．7．（1分）We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a（n）________on our lives in many ways．（）A．statement B．impact C．impression D．judgment【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．【分析】我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响．【解答】答案：B．考查名词词义辨析．句意：我们可以观察到人工智能已经在许多方面对我们的生活产生了影响．A．陈述，声明；B．影响，作用；make an impact on是固定短语"对…产生影响"；C．印象；D．判断．所以B选项符合句意．故选：B．【点评】本题考查名词的词义辨析．名词词义辨析题一直都是高考考查的一个热点，它注重考查考生结合语境准确选用词语的能力．由于英语词汇丰富，且用法多变，考生掌握起来有较大难度，因此在平时应注意词汇的积累，理解词语的含义及其常见的习惯搭配，再联系句子所表述的意义和语境，选出正确的答案．8．（1分）Amy，as well as her brothers，________a warm welcome when returning to the village last week．（）A．is given B．are given C．was given D．were given【考点】F4：一般过去时的被动语态；GH：主谓一致．【分析】艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈欢迎．【解答】答案：C 考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致．本句中时间状语为last week，所以时态为一般过去时，排除AB两项．Amy，as well as her brothers是主语部分，其中，as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词要与前面的主语在数上保持一致．前面的主语是Amy，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式．C项符合．故选：C．【点评】本题考查动词的时态语态及主谓一致．熟知不同时态所对应的标志词，熟记主谓一致的规则，结合语境作出正确选择．9．（1分）Kate heard a man's voice in the background，but she couldn't________what he was saying．（）A．set aside B．take back C．make out D．keep off【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】凯特听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么．【解答】答案：C．考查动词短语．句意：凯特听到一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么．A．留出，预留；B 退回，撤回；C．辨认出，看出，听出；弄清； D 使不接近．所以C选项符合句意．故选：C．【点评】英语中的固定短语，既不能添词，也不能少词，是固定的，要求同学们在平时记忆准确，然后根据句意找出记忆中的固定搭配，做出正确的答案．10．（1分）Most colleges now offer first﹣year students a course specially________to help them succeed academically and personally．（）A．designed B．designingC．to design D．being designed【考点】BB：过去分词．【分析】现在大多数大学都为一年级学生开设一门专门设计的课程，帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功．【解答】答案：A．考查过去分词作定语．通过分析句子结构可知，所选单词在句子中作定语修饰名词course（课程），而课程与设计（design）之间为被动关系，BC两项与所修饰的名词之间表达主动关系，故排除．A项designed为过去分词，表示被动和完成；D 项是现在分词的被动形式，表示被动和正在进行．结合语境，动作应该在谓语动词offer 之前完成，所以A项符合．故选：A．【点评】本题考查过去分词作定语．熟知非谓语动词作定语的用法区别，结合语境作出正确选择．11．（1分）Their child is at the stage_______she can say individual words but not full sentences．（）A．why B．where C．which D．what【考点】H1：限制性定语从句．【分析】他们的孩子正处在一个可以说个别单词但不能说完整句子的阶段．【解答】答案：B 考查定语从句．引导词why的先行词通常是reason；which是关系代词；what引导名词性从句；先行词stage表示"时期，阶段"，在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用关系副词where．只有B项符合．故选：B．【点评】本题考查定语从句．在熟记定语从句关系代词和关系副词的用法的同时，注意几个特殊的名词如stage，occassion，point，situation等作先行词时，定语从句的引导词的使用．12．（1分）The professor warned the students that on no account________use mobile phones in his class．（）A．should they B．they shouldC．dare they D．they dare【考点】GB：倒装句．【分析】教授警告学生们在他的课堂上绝不能使用手机．【解答】答案：A．本题考查部分倒装句．该句意为：教授警告学生们在他的课堂上绝不能使用手机．该复合句主语为professor，谓语动词warn后面可以接双宾语，warn sb sth．因此that引导了一个宾语从句，该宾语从句的句首是一个表示否定含义的短语：on no account"绝不"，表示否定含义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子要使用部分倒装句，即主语同谓语部分的助动词进行位置的交换，因此排除B．D二个选项．情态动词should"应该"，表示义务、责任、劝告、建议．dare"敢"，根据句意，该句包含了教授对学生的劝告、建议之意，故使用情态动词should充当助动词．故选：A．【点评】本题考查倒装句．注意倒装句分为全部倒装和部分倒装，考生要首先区分两种类型的倒装句，并对各自的用法特点以及区别进行掌握，解答试题时要分析到位，结合选项，作出正确的解答．13．（1分）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion________he wants their support．（）A．since B．once C．unless D．after【考点】HG：条件状语从句．【分析】汤姆很独立，除非他想得到父母的支持，否则他从不征求父母的意见．【解答】答案：C 考查从属连词．since自…以来，因为、既然，引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句；once一旦、一…就，引导时间状语从句；unless除非；除非在…情况下，引导条件状语从句；after在…以后，引导时间状语从句．根据上文信息汤姆很独立可知，he never asks his parents' opinion除非在他需要他们的帮助的情况下．unless符合上下文逻辑关系．故选：C．【点评】本题考查从属连词．熟知各从属连词所表达的含义和用法，弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系，并结合语境作出正确选择．14．（1分）The workers were not better organized，otherwise they________the task in half the time．（）A．accomplishedB．had accomplishedC．would accomplishD．would have accomplished【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】工人们没有很好的组织，否则他们将在一半时间内完成任务．【解答】答案：D．考查虚拟语气．句意：工人们没有很好的组织，否则他们将在一半时间内完成任务．otherwise是虚拟语气的含蓄条件，相当于if the workers had been organized，根据前句可知本句是对于过去的虚拟，所以主句用情态动词+have done结构．故选：D．【点评】虚拟语气在高考命题中不是重点，但是难点．考点常集中在含蓄条件句以及主语、宾语从句等特定句型中虚拟语气的使用上，因此考生应熟练掌握含蓄条件句中主从句的时态要求以及一些典型句型中虚拟语气的具体形式．15．（1分）A dog's eating habit requires regular training before it is________established．（）A．properly B．widelyC．originally D．temporarily【考点】7B：副词辨析．【分析】狗的饮食习惯需要经过正规的训练才能正确养成．【解答】答案：A．考查副词辨析．句意：狗的饮食习惯需要经过正规的训练才能正确养成．A．适当地；B．广泛地；C．最初地；D．暂时地．所以A选项符合句意．故选：A．【点评】副词是中学英语的重要语法，解题时首先要根据语境和逻辑来推断空格所需要的是副词还是形容词，或者是根据句子结构的需要来推断是用形容词或者副词，然后根据意义选出答案．第二节：完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16〜35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．16．（30分）I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night，when fear seized me．My wallet was gone．I could only have left it on the G9 bus，which was now speeding in the dark to some（1）C station．The（2）D moment was quickly followed by mental math．How much time and money would it cost to replace the（3）B of that little wallet？The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus．Two hours later，back at my house，I heard a knock on the door．My husband（4）B it while I was on the phone in the dining room．"Does Jennifer live here？" I heard a lady say．In my husband's hand was my wallet，with not a penny（5）A．She left beforeI could （6）D make it to the door to offer my thanks．After sharing the story online，I heard from someone，who（7）C the lady as Erin Smith．Without（8）A，I called to thank her．She said she （9）D my wallet ona bus seat．She （10）C that going to a stranger's house was a（11）B move，but she decided to take the chance．"If I were in that（12）C．I would want someone to try to find me，"she said．This one stranger responded beautifully to my small （13）A，but she actually wasn't the only one．Right after Erin （14）D my wallet on the bus，she posted a picture of my driver's license to an online forum （论坛），trying to see（15）A anyone knew me．No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son's nursery and who recognized my face．I've never（16）B words with those moms beyond small talk，but they wanted to help．I read that people are more divided than ever，but that's not how the people I（17）A tend to act．（18）C，I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger．Erin had gone（19）D what almost anyone would have done，finding my house on a bitterly cold night and for that I was extremely（20）D．（1）A．accessible B．hidden C．unknown D．convenient（2）A．face﹣saving B．brain﹣washing C．eye﹣catching D．heart﹣stopping （3）A．parts B．contents C．details D．ingredients（4）A．ignored B．answered C．examined D．interrupted（5）A．missing B．returned C．remaining D．abandoned（6）A．still B．ever C．yet D．even（7）A．selected B．appointed C．identified D．defined（8）A．delay B．alarm C．regret D．invitation（9）A．moved B．placed C．opened D．spotted（10）A．disagreed B．complained C．calculated D．recommended （11）A．selfless B．risky C．slow D．personal（12）A．site B．direction C．situation D．atmosphere （13）A．crisis B．danger C．threat D．failure（14）A．got rid of B．made use of C．had control of D．took possessionof（15）A．if B．where C．how D．when（16）A．recalled B．exchanged C．repeated D．whispered （17）A．encounter B．follow C．consult D．accompany （18）A．Going away B．Turning around C．Looking back D．Coming along （19）A．into B．against C．over D．beyond（20）A．longing B．enthusiastic C．concerned D．grateful【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】本文为一篇记叙文，文章介绍作者乘坐公交车的时候，丢了钱包，一个好心的女士发现了，将钱包归还到作者家里的故事．【解答】1﹣5CDBBA 6﹣10DCADC 11﹣15．BCADA 16﹣20BACDD1．C．考查形容词辨析．根据上文I could only have left it on the G9 bus可知，作者把钱包遗忘在了公交车上，公交车应该是驶向作者未知的某一站．C选项意为"未知的，陌生的"，符合题意．故选C．2．D．考查形容词辨析．根据下文followed by mental math可知，作者在心里盘算了想要补钱包里丢失的东西需要花费多少代价，D选项意为"令人心悸的，紧张的"，符合语境．face﹣saving保全面子的；brain﹣washing洗脑的；eye﹣catching吸引眼球的．故选D．3．B．考查名词辨析．根据下文The credit cards，the driver's license，the cash，all lost to the bus．可知，此处指替换钱包里的所含之物．B选项意为"内容，所含之物"，符合语境．故选B．4．B．考查动词辨析．根据上文I heard a knock on the door可知，此处指作者的丈夫去应门．B选项意为"回答，应答"，符合语境．故选B．5．A．考查动词辨析．根据上文with not a penny可知，此处指钱包里一分钱都没少．A 选项意为"丢失的，缺少的"，符合语境．故选A．6．D．考查副词辨析．根据上文make it to the door to offer my thanks可知，此处指作者甚至还没来得及去门前跟那个人表达谢意，她就离开了．D选项意为"甚至"，符合语境．故选D．7．C．考查动词辨析．根据下文the lady as Erin Smith，此处指作者把这段故事分享在了网上，有人认出了这位送来钱包的女士．C选项意为"辨认出，识别"，符合语境．故选C．8．A．考查动词辨析．根据下文I called to thank her可知，此处指作者知道了那位女士的身份后，没有迟疑就给她打电话表示感谢．A选项意为"延期；耽搁；被耽搁或推迟的时间"，符合语境．故选A．9．D．考查动词辨析．根据下文my wallet on a bus seat可知，此处指那位女士在公交车的座位上发现了作者的钱包．D选项意为"看到，发现，认出"，符合语境．故选D．10．C．考查动词辨析．根据下文that going to a stranger's house 可知，此处指她预料到去陌生人的住处是一个危险之举．C选项意为"估计，推测，预料"，符合语境．故选C．11．B．考查形容词辨析．根据下文but she decided to take the chance．可知，此处指她预料到去陌生人的住处是一个危险之举．B选项意为"危险的，冒险的"，符合语境．故选B．12．C．考查名词辨析．根据下文I would want someone to try to find me可知，此处指那位女士说"如果我处在那样的情形下，我会希望有人试图找到我"．C选项意为"情况，处境，位置"，符合语境．故选C．13．A．考查名词辨析．根据上文This one stranger responded beautifully to my small 可知，此处指这位陌生人极好地应对了作者的这次危机．A选项意为"危机"，符合语境．故选A．14．D．考查动词短语辨析．根据下文my wallet on the bus可知，此处指Erin在公交车上拥有了作者的钱包后，把作者驾照的照片发到了一个论坛上．D选项意为"拥有，占有"，符合语境．got rid of消除；made use of利用；had control of控制．故选D．15．A．考查连词辨析．根据下文anyone knew me可知，此处指Erin在公交车上得到了作者的钱包后，把作者驾照的照片发到了一个论坛上，想要看看是否有人认识作者．If 引导条件状语从句，故选A．16．B．考查动词辨析．根据下文words with those moms beyond small talk可知，此处指除了闲聊之外，作者从未与那些妈妈们有过交谈．exchange words意为"交谈，交流"，符合语境．故选B．17．A．考查动词辨析．根据语境可知，此处指作者遇到的人表现得都很热心，不像作者读到的那样各顾各的．A选项意为"遭遇，邂逅；遇到"，符合语境．故选A．18．C．考查动词短语辨析．根据上文I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger 指回顾整件事情，作者感到很幸运，因为有人愿意帮助陌生人．C选项意为"回顾，回头看"，符合语境．Going away走开；Turning around转身；Coming along一起来．故选C．19．D．考查介词辨析．根据下文what almost anyone would have done可知，此处指Erin 在一个寒冷的夜晚找到作者的住所，把钱包还给作者这件事，她做得比任何人本该做的事情更多．D选项意为"超过，越过"，符合语境．故选D．20．D．考查形容词辨析．根据上文finding my house on a bitterly cold night 可知，此处指Erin在一个寒冷的夜晚找到作者的住所，把钱包还给作者这件事，她做得比任何人本该做的事情更多，作者因为这个非常地感激．D选项意为"感谢的"，符合语境．Longing 渴望的；enthusiastic热情的；grateful感激的，故选D．【点评】本题为完形填空，首先要通读全文，掌握大意，然后仔细阅读，分析每句话的含义和上下文的关联，结合每道题四个选项的含义找出最贴切的选项．第二部分：阅读理解（每小题2.5分，满分50.0分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项．17．（12.5分）History Fair CompetitionUnderstanding history is vital to understanding ourselves as a people and as a nation．History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past．It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become．Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition makes understanding history exciting，engaging，and fun!This Year's ThemeAll participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history．To many people，technology means computers，hand﹣held devices，or vehicles that travel to distant planets．However，technology is also the application of scientific knowledge to solve a problem，touching lives in countless ways．Individuals or groups may enter one of the following categories：•Performance•Documentary （纪实作品）•Essay WritingCategory RequirementsPerformance：A dramatic presentation of the topic no more than 10 minutes long．Ifspecial clothes are used，they should truly represent a given period．Documentary：A visual presentation （such as a video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long．A desktop computer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available．Students must provide their presentations on CDs before Friday，March 23．Essay Writing：An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words．No illustrations （图解）are allowed．Please do not include covers． A list of references must be included．Important DatesJanuary 5 Submit a topic proposal to your history teacher．The teacher may require a second proposal if the first is off﹣topic or unclear．February 5 Submit a first draft of your essay，performance script （剧本），or documentary highlights．February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions．Students then have an opportunity to improve their products．March 9 Submit a final draft of your essay．March 15 Performance and documentary committee previewMarch 24 Thornton Middle School History Fair Competition7：00 A．M．﹣9：00 A．M．Participants signing in at the gym10：00 A．M．﹣6：00 P．M．Competition and judges' review7：00 P．M．Awards ceremony and picnic（1）According to Paragraph 1，what is the major goal of understanding history？C A．To preserve national traditions．B．To prepare for a history competition．C．To better know the present and future．D．To further explore historical mysteries．（2）What is the theme of this year's competition？DA．Technology advances science．B．Science interacts with technology．C．Science has made the study of history easy．D．Technology has improved the life of Americans．（3）Among the items provided by the school for a visual presentation are D．A．special clothes and a screenB．a desktop computer and a CDC．a projector and special clothesD．a desktop computer and loudspeakers（4）What would a participant have to do with an essay of 1，500 words to meet the category requirement？AA．Include more information in the essay．B．Remove the references．C．Provide a cover for the essay．D．Explain the details with illustrations．（5）What will the committee of teachers do on February 19？BA．Preview performances and documentaries．B．Make comments on the materials．C．Improve the participant's first draft．D．Collect a second proposal from the participant．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇广告布告类阅读，介绍了一次理解历史大赛，大赛的主题，参赛形式，参赛要求以及一些重要的时间点等等．【解答】（1）﹣﹣﹣（5）CDDAB（1）C．推理判断题．根据文章第一段第二三句History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past．It is an essential part of who we are today and who we will become（历史不仅是古老的落满灰尘的老物件和遥远过去的事件，还是我们现在和未来的必不可少的部分）可知，第一段介绍了解历史的主要目标是为了更好地现在和将来，故选C．（2）D．推理判断题．根据This Year's Theme部分第一句All participants must address how communication or transportation technology has promoted the quality of life for Americans throughout history（参加者必须撰写在整个历史中通信或者交通技术是怎样提高美国人的生活质量的．）可知，今年的竞赛主题是技术促进了美国人生活的提高，故选D．（3）D．细节理解题．根据Documentary部分中的第一句 A visual presentation （such asa video，slide show，or computer project）no more than 10 minutes long．A desktopcomputer，screen，projector，and loudspeakers will be available（不多于十分钟的视频展示，还可以接触到笔记本电脑，屏幕，投影仪，以及扩音设备）可知，通过对比各个选项的内容可知文章提到了D项内容．故选D．（4）A．推理判断题．根据Essay Writing部分中的第一句An academic paper of 2，000 to 2，500 words．No illustrations （图解）are allowed．Please do not include covers．A list of references must be included（论文要求2000至2500字，不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分）可知，题干中的1500字的论文不符合2000字以上的写作要求，再结合"不允许有图解，不包括封面，必须有参考书目部分"等要求，所以必须补充更多的信息．故选A．（5）B．推理判断题．根据文章Important Dates中的第三行February 19 A committee of teachers will evaluate materials and give opinions（二月十九日，教师委员会要评价学生的论文并且给出意见）可知，二月十九日，教师委员会要为学生的论文材料做出评价．故选B．【点评】新闻广告类材料是热门考题．其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的．1．品位广告、新闻的标题，预测其内容．阅读广告时，要注意广告中涉及的人物，物品，时间，数字，联系人及方式地址．阅读新闻时，要抓住新闻的特点即何时何处何人发生何事，其经过和结果怎样．2．要抓住书写广告的文体或图片，注意用大写、下划线等方式加以提示的文字．3．解题技巧①快速浏览广告、新闻，从标题中预测内容及涉及的类别．②浏览问题，寻找答案．注意地点和时间的多样化造成的误选．③复读材料，核实答案．18．（12.5分）I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books．There was not one night that I don't remember mom reading me a storybook by my bedside．I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded．I always wanted to know what my mom was reading．Hearing mom say，"I can't believewhat's printed in the newspaper this morning，" made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself．I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew．So I carried around a book，and each night，just to be like her，I would pretend to be reading．This is how everyone learned to read．We would start off with sentences，then paragraphs，and then stories．It seemed an unending journey，but even as a six﹣year﹣old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors．When mom said，"The C﹣A﹣N﹣D﹣Y is hidden on the top shelf，" I knew where the candy was．My progress in reading raised my curiosity，and I wanted to know everything．I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly，so that I could read all of the road signs we passed．Most of my reading through primary，middle and high school was factual reading．I read for knowledge，and to make A's on my tests．Occasionally，I would read a novel that was assigned，but I didn't enjoy this type of reading．I liked facts，things that are concrete．I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument．Yet，now that I'm growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex，I find myself needing a way to escape．By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character．In these worlds I can become anyone．I don't have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this．I just read to relax．We're taught to read because it's necessary for much of human understanding．Reading is a vital part of my life．Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning．And I've found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless．（1）Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of mom's hands？BA．She wanted mom to read the news to her．B．She was anxious to know what had happened．C．She couldn't wait to tear the newspaper apart．D．She couldn't help but stop mom from reading．（2）According to Paragraph 3，the author's reading of road signs indicates D．A．her unique way to locate herselfB．her eagerness to develop her reading abilityC．her effort to remind mom to obey traffic rulesD．her growing desire to know the world around her（3）What was the author's view on factual reading？CA．It would help her update test﹣taking skills．B．It would allow much room for free thinking．C．It would provide true and objective information．D．It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life．（4）The author takes novel reading as a way to D．A．explore a fantasy landB．develop a passion for learningC．learn about the adult communityD．get away from a confusing world（5）What could be the best title for the passage？CA．The Magic of ReadingB．The Pleasure of ReadingC．Growing Up with ReadingD．Reading Makes a Full Man【考点】OB：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】本文主要介绍了作者在阅读中成长的故事，从小时候通过阅读了解世界和长大后通过阅读远离现实的成长历程．【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据第二段句子：I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew．我想像我妈妈一样，知道她知道的所有事情．所以答案选B．2．D．推理判断题．根据第三段的句子：It seemed an unending journey，but even as a six ﹣year﹣old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors．这似乎是一段永无止境的旅程，但即使是作为一个六岁的女孩，我也意识到知道如何阅读可以打开许多扇门．可见作者对路标的解读表明她越来越渴望了解周围的世界．所以选D．3．C．推理判断题．根据第四段句子：I liked facts，things that are concrete．我喜欢事实，喜欢具体的东西．可见作者认为阅读将提供真实和客观的信息．所以选C．4．D．细节理解题．根据倒数第二段句子：I find myself needing a way to escape．By opening。
【天津专版】2019年高考英语二轮复习文档 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 含答案
第二节方法运用于命题阅读理解的常考命题1．细节理解题细节理解题在高考英语阅读理解试题中所占比例最大，但这部分题目相对来说比较简单，只要通过题干的关键词，在文中找到题目的相关信息，仔细对比，就能得出答案.其正确选项特征为：同义替换、语言简化、正话反说等.其干扰项特征为：张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非等.2．词义猜测题高考阅读理解试题中对于词义猜测题的考查力度逐步加大.词义猜测是一种阅读技巧和能力，考查考生在短时间内根据上下文快速猜测所指定的某一个生词、词组或者句子含义的能力，而这些词或词组往往超出考纲范围.要做好该类试题需要：利用上下文线索猜测词义(重述、定义、举例、同义词或近义词、反义词等)；根据语法知识猜测词义；根据上下文逻辑猜测词义；根据构词法猜测词义；根据常识或背景知识猜测词义等.3．推理判断题推理判断题考查考生根据字面意思，通过逻辑关系，研究细节，推敲作者的态度，理解文章寓意的能力.推理判断题涉及的可能是文中一句或几句话，甚至是文章或段落的主题，弄清正确选项或干扰选项特征是做题的关键.其正确选项特征为：立足原文，只推一步；一般不可出现绝对概念.其干扰选项特征为：曲解文意、张冠李戴、偷梁换柱、无中生有、鱼目混珠、扩缩范围等.4．主旨大意题主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括中心大意、段落大意、选择标题及判断作者写作意图等形式出现.其正确选项特征为：涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段；确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小；精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩.其干扰选项特征为：过于笼统，不知所云；以偏概全，主次不分；移花接木，偷换概念；无中生有，生搬硬套等.注意解答各类命题时往往是多法并举，而不是一种方法解决一种题.(2017·天津，B)Fifteenyearsago，ItookasummervacationinLecceinsouthernItaly.Afterclimbingupahillforapanoramic(全景的) viewofthebluesea，whitebuildingsandgreenolivetrees，Ipausedtocatchmybreathandthenpositionedmyselftotakethebestphotoofthispanorama.Unfortunately，justasItookoutmycamera，awomanapproachedfrombehind，andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.Likeme，thiswomanwasheretostop，sighandappreciatetheview.PatientasIwas，afterabout15minutes，mycamerascanningthesunandreviewingtheshotIwouldeventuallytake，Igrewfrustrated.WasittoomuchtoaskhertomovesoIcouldtakejustonepictureofthelandsc ape？Sure，Icouldhaveaskedher，butsomethingpreventedmefromdoingso.Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation.Ididn’tw anttomesswiththat.Another15minutespassedandIgrewbored.Thewomanwasstillthere.Idecidedtotakethe photoanyway.AndnowwhenIlookatit，Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.Thelandscape，beautifulonitsown，somehowcomestolifeandbreathesbecausethiswomanisengagingwithit.Thisphoto，withtheuniquebeautythatunfoldedbeforemeandthatwomanwho“ruined”it，nowhangsonawallinmybedroom.Whatwouldshethinkifsheknewthatherfigureiscaptured(捕捉) andfrozenonsomestranger’sbedroomwall？Abedroom，afterall，isaveryprivatespace，inwhichsomewomanIdon’tevenknowhasbeenimmortalized(使……永存)．Insomeways，shelivesinmyhouse.Perhapswealllivein eachothers’spaces.Perhapsthisiswhatphotosarefor：toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty，thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure，forconnection，forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.Thatphotoisareminder，acapturedmoment，anunspokenconversationbetweentwowomen，separatedonlybyathinsquareofglass.41．Whathappenedwhentheauthorwasabouttotakeaphoto? A．Hercamerastoppedworking.B．Awomanblockedherview.C．Someoneaskedhertoleave.D．Afriendapproachedfrombehind.答案 B解析细节理解题.根据第二段中的“...awomanapproachedfrombehind，andplantedherselfrightinfrontofmyview.”可知，就在“我”拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走过来，正好停在“我”的视线前面，即“我”的视线被挡住(blocked)了，故选B 项.42．Accordingtotheauthor，thewomanwasprobably.A．enjoyingherselfB．losingherpatienceC．waitingforthesunsetD．thinkingaboutherpast答案 A解析细节理解题.根据第三段中的“Sheseemedsocontentinherobservation...withthat.”可知，选A项.43．Intheauthor’sopinion，whatmakesthephotosoalive? A．Therichcolorofthelandscape.B．Theperfectpositioningofthecamera.C．Thewoman’sexistenceinthephoto.D．Thesoftsunlightthatsummerday.答案 C解析细节理解题.根据第四段中的“...Ithinkherpresenceinthephotoiswhatmakestheimageinteresting.”可知，作者认为，那位女士在照片中的存在使得这张照片有趣，即：那位女士在照片中的存在让照片变得很生动.故选C项. 44．Thephotoonthebedroomwallenablestheauthortobetterunderstand. A．theneedtobeclosetonatureB．theimportanceofprivatespaceC．thejoyofthevacationinItalyD．thesharedpassionforbeauty答案 D解析推理判断题.根据第六段中的“...toremindusthatweallappreciatebeauty，thatweallshareacommondesireforpleasure，forconnection，forsomethingthatisgreaterthanus.”可知，通过那张照片作者明白了：我们都欣赏美，都有着对快乐的共同渴望、对人际关系改善的共同期待和对超越自身价值的共同追求.由此可知，这张照片让作者更好地理解人们对美的共同热爱.45．Thepassagecanbeseenastheauthor’sreflectionsupon. A．aparticularlifeexperienceB．thepleasureoftravelingC．theartofphotographyD．alostfriendship答案 A解析推理判断题.本文讲述的是作者的一次特殊经历及由此产生的一些人生感悟，故选A 项.(2017·天津，C)Thismonth，Germany’stransportminister，AlexanderDobrindt，proposedthefirstsetofrulesforautonomousvehicles(自主驾驶车辆)．Theywoulddefinethedriver’sroleinsuchcarsandgovernhowsuchcarsperformincras heswherelivesmightbelost.Theproposalattemptstodealwithwhatsomecallthe“deathvalley”ofautonomousvehicles：thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedriverl essfuture.Dobrindtwantsthreethings：thatacaralwayschoosesproperty(财产) damageoverpersonalinjury；thatitneverdistinguishesbetweenhumansbasedonageorrace；andthatifahumanremoveshisorherhandsfromthedrivingwheel—tocheckemail，say—thecar’smakerisresponsibleifthereisacrash.“Thechangetotheroadtrafficlawwillpermitfullyautomaticdriving，”saysDobrindt.Itwillputfullydriverlesscarsonanequallegalfootingtohumandrivers，hesays.Whoisresponsiblefortheoperationofsuchvehiclesisnotclearamongcarmakers，consumersandlawyers.“Theliability(法律责任) issueisthebiggestoneofthemall，”saysNatashaMeratattheUniversityofLeeds，UK.AnassumptionbehindUKinsurancefordriverlesscars，introducedearlierthisyear，insiststhatahuman“bewatchfulandmonitoringtheroad”ateverymoment.Butthatisnotwhatmanypeoplehaveinmindwhenthinkingofdriverlesscars.“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”Becauseoftheconfusion，Meratthinkssomecarmakerswillwaituntilvehiclescanbefullyautomatedwithouthumanope ration.Driverlesscarsmayendupbeingaformofpublictransportratherthanvehiclesyouown，saysRyanCaloatStanfordUniversity，California.ThatishappeningintheUKandSingapore，wheregovernment-provideddriverlessvehiclesarebeinglaunched.ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however.“Theideathatthegovernmentwouldtakeoverdriverlesscarsandtreatthemasapublicgoodw ouldgetabsolutelynowherehere，”saysCalo.46．Whatdoesthephrase“deathvalley”inParagraph2referto? A．Aplacewherecarsoftenbreakdown.B．Acasewherepassingalawisimpossible.C．Anareawherenodrivingispermitted.D．Asituationwheredr ivers’roleisnotclear.答案 D解析词义猜测题.根据第二段中的“...thegreyareabetweensemi-autonomousandfullydriverlesscarsthatcoulddelaythedr iverlessfuture.”可知，deathvalley指的就是半自主驾驶和完全无人驾驶汽车之间的灰色地带，即：对司机角色的定义不清楚.故选D项. 47．TheproposalputforwardbyDobrindtaimsto. A．stoppeoplefrombreakingtrafficrulesB．helppromotefullyautomaticdrivingC．protectdriversofallagesandracesD．preventseriouspropertydamage答案 B解析推理判断题.第一段说Dobrindt提出第一套自主驾驶车辆的规章，将会定义自主驾驶车辆司机的角色，这个提议就是处理“deathvalley”这个问题的；第四段说交规的改变会准许全自动驾驶，而且会将完全无人驾驶汽车和有人驾驶汽车放到一个平等的法律地位上，由此推断，Dobrindt提出此建议的目的就是推广全自动驾驶.故选B项. 48．Whatdoconsumersthinkoftheoperationofdriverlesscars?A．Itshouldgettheattentionofinsurancecompanies. B．Itshouldbethemainconcernoflawmakers. C．Itshouldnotcausedeadlytrafficaccidents. D．Itshouldinvolvenohumanresponsibility.答案 D解析细节理解题.根据第七段中的“Whenyousay‘driverlesscars’，peopleexpectdriverlesscars，”Meratsays.“Youknow—nodriver.”可知，人们认为的无人驾驶汽车，就是没有司机的汽车，当然也不该包括人的责任问题，故选D项. 49．Driverlessvehiclesinpublictransportseenobrightfuturein.A．Singapore B．theUKC．theUS D．Germany答案 C解析细节理解题.根据最后一段中的“ThatwouldgodownpoorlyintheUS，however.”可知，无人驾驶汽车作为公共交通方式在美国反响却很差，即：在美国，无人驾驶汽车在公共交通领域看不到光明的前景，因此选C项.50．Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．AutonomousDriving：WhoseLiability?B．FullyAutomaticCars：ANewBreakthroughC．AutonomousVehicles：DriverRemoved!D．DriverlessCars：RootofRoadAccidents答案 A解析标题归纳题.全文围绕自主驾驶车辆的司机的角色认定以及谁该负法律责任的问题展开了讨论，故选A项.跟踪训练A(2016·河东区一模)There’snodoubtthatourcharacterhasaprofoundeffectonourfuture.Whatwemustreme mber，however，isnotmerelyhowpowerfulcharacterisininfluencingourfate(命运)，buthowpowerfulweareinshapingourowncharacterand，therefore，ourownfate.Charactermaydetermineourfate，butcharacterisnotdeterminedbyfate.It’sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedve ryearlyinlife.Itcallstomindoldproverbslike“Aleopardcan’tchangeitsspots”and “Youcan’tteachanolddognewtricks”．Thisperspectivethatourcharacteris“etchedinstone”issupportedbyagreatdealofmodernpsychologyemphasizingself-acceptance.AsPopeyesay s，“IamwhatIam.”Thehiddenmessageis：Don’texpectmetobemore，better，ordifferent.Ultimately，theseviewsofhumanitytotallyundervaluethelifelongpotentialforgrowththatcomeswith thepowerofreflectionandchoice.Howdepressingitwouldbetobelievethatwecan’tchoosetobebetter，morehonest，morerespectful，moreresponsible，andmorecaring.Noneofusshouldgiveupthepersonalseekingtoimproveourcharacter.Notbe causewe’rebad，wedon’thavetobesicktogetbetter，butbecausewe’renotasgoodaswecouldbe.Therearesomanythingsinlifewecan’tcontrol，whetherwe’rebeautifulorsmart，whetherwehadgoodparentsorbad，whetherwegre wupwithaffirmationornegation.It’sinspiringtorememberthatnothingbut moralwillpowerisneededtomakeusbetter.No，itisn’teasy.Butifwemakeagreatefforttobecomemoreawareofthehabitsofheartandmindt hatdriveourbehavior，wecanbegintoplacenewemphasisonourhighervaluessothatwebecomewhatwewantourchildre ntothinkweare.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．WeShapeOurOwnCharacterB．CharacterDeterminesOurFateC．CharacterIsFullyFormedandFixedD．WeMustMeetWhatOurChildrenNeed答案 A解析标题归纳题.纵观全文，文章主要讲述了什么塑造了我们的性格以及我们的性格受哪些因素的影响，结合各个选项的意思，可知选A.2．Theauthoragreesthat.A．aleopardcan’tchangeitsspotsB．inlifewemustattachimportancetoself-acceptanceC．weshouldn’texpectourselvestobemoredifferent D．characterisnotfullyformedandfixedveryearly答案 D解析细节理解题.根据第二段第一句“It’sacommonmistaketothinkofcharacterassomethingthatisfullyformedandfixedvery earlyinlife.”可知D选项的意思与之相符，故选D.3．Intheauthor’sopinion，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Wecan’tchoosetobebetter.B．Weshouldseektoimproveourcharacterforwe’rebadenough. C．Weshouldvalueourlifelongpotentialforgrowth. D．Weshouldmakechoicesconstantly.答案 C解析推理判断题.根据第四段的内容可知，作者认为我们应该高度重视我们个人的终身发展，故本题应选C.4．Whatdoweneedtoimproveourselvesaccordingtotheauthor?A．Oursmartness. B．Ourwillpower.C．Ourfate. D．Ourcharacter.答案 B解析细节理解题.根据第六段最后一句可知,作者认为我们需要意志力来自我完善.故选B.5．Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A．Itisnotdifficulttoimproveourselves. B．Wemusttryourbesttobeasgoodaspossible. C．Ourchildrenshouldcopyourbehavior. D．Weshouldcontrolasmanythingsaspossibleinlife.答案 B解析推理判断题.根据第五段的内容可推知选B项.B(2017·河北区二模)Iamawriter.Ispendagreatdealofmytimethinkingaboutthepoweroflanguage—thewayi tcanevoke(唤起) anemotion，avisualimage，acomplexidea，nguageisthetoolofmytrade.AndIusethemall—alltheEnglishesIgrewu pwith.BornintoaChinesefamilythathadrecentlyarrivedinCalifornia，I’vebeengivingmorethoughttothekindofEnglishmymotherspeaks.Likeothers，Ihavedescribedittopeopleas“broken”English.ButIfeelembarrassedtosaythat.IthasalwaysbotheredmethatIcanthinkofnowayt odescribeitotherthan“broken”，asifitweredamagedandneededtobefixed，asifitlackedacertainwholeness.I’veheardothertermsused，“limitedEnglish”，forexample.Buttheyseemjustasbad，asifeverythingislimited，includingpeople’sperceptions(认识) ofthelimitedEnglishspeaker.Iknowthisforafact，becausewhenIwasgrowingup，mymother’s“limited”Englishlimitedmyperceptionofher.IwasashamedofherEnglish.IbelievedthatherEnglish reflectedthequalityofwhatshehadtosay.Thatis，becausesheexpressedthemimperfectly，herthoughtswereimperfect.AndIhadplentyofevidencetosupportme：thefactthatpeopleindepartmentstores，atbanks，andatrestaurantsdidnottakeherseriously，didnotgivehergoodservice，pretendednottounderstandher，orevenactedasiftheydidnothearher.Istartedwritingfictionin1985.AndforreasonsIwon’tgetintotoday，IbegantowritestoriesusingalltheEnglishesIgrewupwith：theEnglishsheusedwithme，whichforlackofabettertermmightbedescribedas“broken”；andwhatIimaginetobehertranslationofherChinese，herinternal(内在的) language，andforthatIsoughttopreservetheessence，butneitheranEnglishnoraChinesestructure.Iwantedtocatchwhatlanguageabilitytestsc annevershow：herintention，herfeelings，therhythmsofherspeechandthenatureofherthoughts.6．Bysaying“Languageisthetoolofmytrade.”，theauthormeansthat. A．sheusesEnglishinforeigntradeB．sheisfascinatedbylanguagesC．sheworksasatranslatorD．sheisawriterbyprofession答案 D解析句意理解题.由文章第一句“Iamawriter.”和第一段的内容可知，此处表示作者是一名作家.7．Theauthorusedtothinkofhermother’sEnglishas.A．impolite B．amusingC．imperfect D．practical答案 C解析细节理解题.作者在文章的第二段和第三段中描写她母亲的英语时用了：broken(蹩脚的)，limited(有限的)，imperfect(不完美的)三个形容词，故选C. 8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph3? A．AmericansdonotunderstandbrokenEnglish.B．Theauthor’smotherwasnotrespectedsometimes.C．Theauthor’smotherhadapositiveinfluenceonher. D．BrokenEnglishalwaysreflectsimperfectthoughts.答案 B解析推理判断题.从第三段的最后一句可推断，作者的母亲有时因其蹩脚的英语而不受人尊重.9．Theauthorgraduallyrealizeshermother’sEnglishis.A．wellstructuredB．intheoldstyleC．easytotranslateD．richinmeaning答案 D解析推理判断题.通过最后一段的内容可知作者改变了对母亲蹩脚的英语的看法，认为她的蹩脚英语内涵丰富.10．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Thechangeoftheauthor’sattitudetohermother’sEnglish. B．Thelimitationoftheauthor’sperceptionofhermother.C．Theauthor’smisunderstandingof“limited”English.D．Theauthor’sexperiencesofusingbrokenEnglish.答案 A解析主旨大意题.文章讲述了作者对母亲所讲的蹩脚英语的态度随着时间的推移所发生的变化.。
（天津专用）2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十四文章结构题优选习题
（天津专⽤）2019⾼考英语⼆轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第⼆节分类突破⼗四⽂章结构题优选习题⼗四、⽂章结构题⼀、篇章结构题(2018·“六校联盟”第三次联考)Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique，and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare.Zoology，or the study of animals，is a wide field with many specialties，including research，conservation，veterinary(兽医的) medicine，and the care of animals.For people with a love of animals and some training，dreams of careers in zoology may come true.Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies.These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run studies that improve human understanding of the animal world.Research in zoology can help create safer and more effective products for animals or can teach humans more about animal behavior in order to aid in conservation，breeding programs，and habitat preservation.Careers in zoology that focus on conservation attach great importance to the continued survival and increased protection of animal species.Conservationists may work with political groups or governments to help make laws to protect and preserve animals，or may work in the field gathering information on potential threats to the health of global ecosystems.Some conservationists work in educational fields，trying to improve human efforts to save animals from extinction.Animals are subject to illness and injury，and some careers in zoology help to create a safe，stable animal population.Veterinary medicine is an important specialty field，and may take several years of intensive training to qualify as a certified veterinarian.While many veterinarians focus on the small-animal practice of domestic pets，vets in rural areas often work with large farm animals and more adventurous veterinarians may work with exotic species in zoos and wildlife preserves.Humans love to observe animals，and modern-day zoos and wildlife preserves help meet that interest while providing facilities to assist with conservation programs.Zoology careers in zoos can range from overseeing breeding programs，to creating the proper diet for a deer，or to cleaning the tiger’s cage.Many volunteerand entry-level jobs are available for people that love animals.语篇解读⽂章介绍了动物学相关职业的多样性，并就四种相关的职业进⾏了具体讲解。
2019高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题：专题2 完形填空 第2节 三
三、说明文Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decided in1 .He knows what he wants，and his2 is to find it and buy it.All men3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and4 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardly any chat to everyone’s5 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In that 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something else—he 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldn’t be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is not often 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around”.She is always 14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spend an hour going from one rail to another 17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .语篇解读本文为说明文。
2019高考英语天津专用优编增分二轮试题：专题3 阅读理解 第2节 八
八、词句猜测——词义猜测题(2017·6月天津，C)This month，Germany’s transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆).They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury；that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel—to check email，say—the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers，he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say ‘driverless cars’，people expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“You know—no driver.”Because of the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore，where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US，however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，” says Calo.46.What does the phrase “death valley” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A place where cars often break down.B.A case where passing a law is impossible.C.An area where no driving is permitted.D.A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.答案 D解+析词义猜测题。
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一、细节理解——事实细节题(2018·6月天津，A)FirePreventionInformationTheUniversityofAdelaideemploysafull-timestaffoffirepreventionprofessionals.Theyinspectallc ampusbuildingsandtestandmaintainallsprinkler(喷水灭火装置) systems，firealarms，andfireextinguishers(灭火器).Theyalsoprovideeducationalprogramsonfiresafetyintheresidencehalls.Wheneveryoumovetoane warea，youshouldlocatethefirealarmpullstationsandthetwoexitsnearestyourroom.FireAlarmsThefloorsofallcampusbuildingsareequippedwithmanual(手动的) firealarmsystemswhichincludefirealarmpullstationsandpipes.Mostarealsoequippedwithautomaticfire alarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors，smokedetectorsandsprinklers.Foryoursafety，nevertamperwith(胡乱摆弄) thesesystems.Falsefirealarmsareillegalandmayleadtoimprisonment. FireDrillsAfiredrillwillbeconductedinyourresidencehalleverysemester.Duringafiredrill，pleasedothefollowing：·TakeyourroomkeyandID，closeandlockthedoortoyourroom.·Exitimmediatelyfromthenearestemergencyexit；donotusealift.·Meetoutsideofyourresidencehallandwaitforfurtherinstructions.FireExtinguisherseafireextinguisheronlyifyouhav ebeentrainedtodoso.Irresponsibleuseofafireextinguishercancreateadangeroussituationforotherreside ntsandcouldresultindamagetopersonalproperty.Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines. SmokeDetectorsAsmokedetectorisontheceilinginyourroom.Somebuildingsalsohaveheatdetectorsontheceilings. Dothefollowingtoensurethesafeoperationofyoursmokedetector：·Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly，theredlightshouldbeon.Iftheredlightisnotblinking(闪动)，contactresidencehallstaffimmediately.·Donotcoverorblockyoursmokedetectorinanyway.·Ifasmokedetectorsetsoffanalarmandthereisnofireorsmoke，informyourhallstaff.36.Whatisthemaindutyofthefirepreventionprofessionals?A.Toprovidepart-timejobsforstudents.B.Toleadthestudentstothenearestexits.C.Tocheckandmaintainfirepreventionequipment.D.Totrainteacherstobefirepreventionprofessionals.答案 C解+析细节理解题。
根据FirePreventionInformation下的第二句“Theyinspect...andtestandmaintainallsprinkler...”可知，火灾预防专家们的主要职责是检测和维护火灾预防设备。
故选C。
37.Whatdotheautomaticfirealarmsystemsinclude?A.Pipesandsmokedetectors.B.Smokedetectorsandsprinklers.C.Firealarmpullstationsandpipes.D.Sprinklersandfirealarmpullstations.答案 B解+析细节理解题。
由题干中的automaticfirealarmsystems可定位到FireAlarms下的“automaticfirealarmsystemsconsistingofheatdetectors，smokedetectorsandsprinklers”。
故选B。
38.Inafiredrill，thestudentsshould.A.rushquicklytoaliftB.gatheratthenearestexitC.shutthedoorandleaveatonceD.waitforinstructionsinthehall答案 C解+析细节理解题。
根据FireDrills下的第一条以及第二条可知，选项C符合题意。
39.Whatdoweknowabouttheuseoffireextinguishers?ingthemwronglyresultsinpunishment.B.Irresponsibleuseofthemcandamagethem.C.Improperuseofthemcandestroytheapartment.ingthemwithoutatrainerpresentisforbidden.答案 A解+析推理判断题。
根据FireExtinguishers下的最后一句“Misuseofafireextinguisherwillresultinfines.(错误使用灭火器会导致罚款)”可知A项正确。
40.Toensurethesafeoperationofthesmokedetector，oneshould.A.contactthehallstaffregularlyB.coverthethingsthatburneasilyC.startthesmokedetectorinafireD.makecertaintheredlightisworking答案 D解+析细节理解题。
由SmokeDetectors下的第一条中的第一句“Ifyoursmokedetectorisworkingproperly，theredlightshouldbeon.”可知，选项D与之对应，故答案为D。
一、题型解读事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。
设问方式是以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
二、解题技巧——题干定位，寻找信息题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。
事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。
“题干定位法”分为三步：第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。
定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。
例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题，题干中的定位词为theautomaticfirealarmsystems。
第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。
例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题由定位词theautomaticfirealarmsystems我们可以迅速浏览到FireAlarms这一段中。
第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。
例如上面【真题感悟】中的第37题，分析句子和选项可知B项正确。
(2018·红桥区二模)4-DayClassicBeijingTourThe4-dayclassicBeijingtourisdesignedfortouristswhocometovisitChinaforthefirsttime.Itcoverst hemostpopularandtypicalplacesinBeijing，fullydisplayingthescenery，culture，history，locallifestylesandfeatures，foodanddrinks，business，etc.foryou.Day1：ArrivalinBeijingYourguidemeetsyouatCapitalAirport，andhelpsyoucheckinatyourhotel.EnjoyBeijingDuckaswelcomedinner.Accommodation：BeijingdowntownDay2：TheGreatWall&theSummerPalaceStartyourdayatthemostfamouspartoftheGreatWall，theBadalingGreatWall.LeavethedowntownfortheGreatWallat8am.SinceitisalongdrivetotheGreatWal l (about2hours’riding)，haveabreakattheJadeMuseumontheway.Lunchwillbeenjoyedinalocalrestaurant.Intheearlyafternoonc omebacktothecityandhaveasightseeingtouroftheSummerPalace.RecommendedActivity：BeijingOperaShow (LiyuanTheatre,19∶30－21∶10everyevening) Accommodation：BeijingdowntownDay3：Beijingcitysightseeing&LocalexperienceYourguidemeetsyouatthehotelat8amandsetsoutfortheday’stouring：Tian’anmenSquareandtheForbiddenCity.Aftervisitingthetwosites，haveabreakandgetreadyforlunch.Hutongvisit：seesometraditionalartsoftheoldBeijing，suchaspapercuttingandkitemaking，andvisitalocalfamily.Accommodation：BeijingdowntownDay4：BeijingOlympicsitesVisittheOlympicsites：Bird’sNest，WaterCubeandOlympicPark，witnessingthefastdevelopingmodernChina.Enjoysomefreetimeaftervisitingthesites.Afterlunch，itisshoppingtimeandthenthetourisover.1.Thisadvertisementisaimedat.A.foreignerswhoarenewtoChinaB.expertswhostudyhistoryandcitiesC.kidswhowereborninothercitiesD.peoplewhoareinterestedintouring答案 A解+析细节理解题。