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British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
British Standards Institution Provided by IHS under license with BSI - Uncontrolled Copy No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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HPE SmartMemory数据手册说明书
Data sheet HPE SmartMemoryChoose the right memory withHPE SmartMemoryAs the insatiable demand for applications, data, and digital content grows exponentially, traditional server infrastructure—the digital foundation of business and society—has become resource constrained. At the same time, businesses demand greater performance and maximum uptime. IT trends such as server virtualization, cloud computing, and high-performance computing have increased the average gigabyte per server memorysix-fold in the last six years. As a result, DRAM manufacturers are increasing chip component densities to support higher memory capacities. For example, today a single 4 GB DRAM chip contains more than 4 billion memory cells, and a single 32 GB DDR3 memory module has more than 288 billion memory cells.Choose the right memoryThe combination of increased memory demandand component complexity have raised thestakes higher as businesses require continuousavailability of IT infrastructure. Memory is acritical system component, significantly definingthe systems reliability, performance, andincreasingly the server and data center powerfootprint. Therefore, choosing the right memoryis the key to ensuring upmost reliability, highestperformance, and deliver a faster return on yourIT investment.As one of largest DRAM buyers, HPEchooses only the highest quality memory.HPE SmartMemory is performance testedand tuned on HPE ProLiant servers usingproprietary software that simulates extremeoperating environments and conditions.HPE Qualified Options means every genuineHPE DIMM has been through our rigorousqualification process that extends beyondstandard industry practice to help ensurecompatibility, performance, and reliability.Achieve reliability, performance,and manageability withHPE SmartMemoryHPE SmartMemory is a unique technologyintroduced for HP Proliant Gen8 and Gen8 v2servers, and unlike other third-party memory,HPE SmartMemory authenticates whethermemory has passed HPE’s rigorous qualificationand test process, and provides you with thehighest quality, genuine HPE SmartMemory.More importantly, verification of HPESmartMemory unlocks certain performanceand high efficiency features optimized for HPProliant Gen8 and Gen v2 servers. In addition,HPE SmartMemory provides future enhancedsupport through HPE Active Health Systemand manageability software.Key features and benefitsHPE SmartMemory is ideal for ProLiant Gen8 and Gen8 v2 customers who are looking to extract all the memory performance, dependability, and power savings that the ProLiant Gen8 server is designed to deliver. Memory plays an increasingly larger part of the server’s power consumption andchoosing the most efficient memory is a critical component in reducing your data center’s overall power and cooling requirements. These savings translate to reduced operating cost and a faster return on investment (ROI), freeing up IT budget spent on power and cooling.HPE SmartMemory introduces the new 1866 MHz Std. Voltage and 1600 MHz low voltage SmartMemory, designed to provide better performance and capacity at a competitive price.Reduce power without sacrificing performanceHPE is committed to helping you achieve the maximum benefit per watt out of your IT infrastructure. With HPE SmartMemory power utilization is up to 20 percent less when compared to third-party memory or other OEMs’ memory.1• 1600 MHz Low Voltage memory availability in all sizes for both RDIMM and UDIMM technologies.• An industry-first, HPE has introduced 24 GB DDR3-1333 Registered DIMM (RDIMM) at 1.35 V• While the industry supports DDR3-1866RDIMM at 1.5 V at one DIMM per channel, our ProLiant Gen8 servers support DDR3-1866 RDIMM up to two DIMMs per channel at 1866 MT/s running at 1.5 V. Our ProLiant Gen8 v2 servers support DDR3-1600 LV RDIMM up to two DIMMs per channel at 1600 MT/s running at 1.35 V. This equates to up to 20 percent less power at the DIMM level with no performance penalty 2• HPE SmartMemory 1.35 V DDR3-1600 registered memory is engineered to achieve the same performance level as 1.5 V memory. This also simplifies the HPE memory portfolio making it easier to select the right memory • HPE HyperCloud SmartMemory 32 GB 1.5 V DDR3-1333 registered memory is engineered to achieve 3 DPC @1333 in HPE ProLiant in DL380p Gen8 serversBetter performanceHPE SmartMemory supports DDR3 unbuffered ECC DIMMs (UDIMMs) at 2 DIMMs per channel at 1866 MT/s while the industry supports UDIMM at 2 DIMMs per channel at 1600 MT/s, or 25 percent greater bandwidth.2 In addition, DDR3 UDIMMs are capable of low voltage operation, up to 20 percent less power usage:•****************•****************HPE SmartMemory now supports DDR3-1866 LRDIMMs:•***************•***************•***************HPE SmartMemory now supports DDR3-1866 RDIMMs:•***************•***************•***************HPE SmartMemory supports low-voltage DDR3-1600 RDIMMs at same memorybandwidth as 1.5 V DDR3-1600 RDIMMs, up to 20 percent less power usage:•****************•****************•***************HPE SmartMemory supported on HP Proliant Gen8 v2 Intel® Xeon® E5-2600 Series Processor FamilyWith the latest generation Intel® series based ProLiant Gen8 and Gen8 v2 servers, DDR3 provides additional features:• 24 GB DDR3-1333 RDIMM 1.35 V support for maximum bandwidth on blades server • New 32 GB Load Reduced DIMM (LRDIMM) increases capacity by 50 percent enabling HP Proliant Gen8 and Gen8 v2 Intel 2-socket servers support of up to 768 GB • DDR3-1600 Registered DIMMs supports either low-voltage 1.35 V or 1.5 V with no performance penalty• HPE Advanced Memory Error DetectionTechnology increased memory related uptime by up to 35 percent by pinpointing errors more likely to cause unplanned downtime1 “HPE Proprietary Software Test,” August 2011.2 “HPE Proprietary Software Test,” September 2011.3A MD 1 TB max capacity: AMD population rules require 4 rank DIMMs in center slot only for 3 DPC servers.DDR3 memory comparison for HP Proliant Gen8 and Gen8 v2 serversRDIMMsLRDIMM UDIMMs HDIMM Maximum DIMM capacity 24 GB32 GB 8 GB32 GB Maximum server capacityAMD: 1 TB max capacity 3 (48 slots; 32 GB quad rank DIMMs)N/AAMD: 64 GB (16 slots; 4 GB dual rank DIMMs)NAIntel 4 socket: 2 TB max capacity (64 slots; 32 GB quad rank DIMMs)Intel 2 socket: 768 GB (24 slots; 32 GB LRDIMMs)Intel: 48 GB max capacity (12 slots; 4 GB dual rank DIMMs)Intel 2 socket (only DL360p and DL380p Gen8): 384 GB max capacity Maximum number of DIMMs/channel 3 dual rank3 quad rank (LRDIMM only) 2 dual rank 3 dual rank Low power option4 GB, 8 GB, 16 GB, 24 GB, 32 GB 32 GB 2 GB, 4 GB, 8 GB 32 GB only Address error detectionYesYesYesYesRDIMMs647893-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3L-10600R (DDR3-1333) Registered CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 647895-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Memory Kit647897-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3L-10600R (DDR3-1333) Registered CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 647899-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Memory Kit647901-B21HPE 16 GB (1x16 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3L-10600R (DDR3-1333) Registered CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 672631-B21HPE 16 GB (1x16 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Memory Kit700404-B21HPE 24 GB (1x24 GB) Three Rank x4 PC3L-10600R (DDR3-1333) Registered CAS-9 Low Voltage FIO Memory Kit 713981-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3L-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 713983-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3L-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 731765-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3L-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 713985-B21HPE 16 GB (1x16 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3L-12800R (DDR3-1600) Registered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 708637-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3-14900R (DDR3-1866) Registered CAS-13 Memory Kit708639-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3-14900R (DDR3-1866) Registered CAS-13 Memory Kit731761-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Single Rank x4 PC3-14900R (DDR3-1866) Registered CAS-13 Memory Kit708641-B21HPE 16 GB (1x16 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3-14900R (DDR3-1866) Registered CAS-13 Memory KitUDIMMs647905-B21HPE 2 GB (1x2 GB) Single Rank x8 PC3L-10600E (DDR3-1333) Unbuffered CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 647907-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Dual Rank x8 PC3L-10600E (DDR3-1333) Unbuffered CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 647909-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Dual Rank x8 PC3L-10600E (DDR3-1333) Unbuffered CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 713975-B21HPE 2 GB (1x2 GB) Single Rank x8 PC3L-12800E (DDR3-1600) Unbuffered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 713977-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Dual Rank x8 PC3L-12800E (DDR3-1600) Unbuffered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 713979-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Dual Rank x8 PC3L-12800E (DDR3-1600) Unbuffered CAS-11 Low Voltage Memory Kit 708631-B21HPE 2 GB (1x2 GB) Single Rank x8 PC3-14900E (DDR3-1866) Unbuffered CAS-13 Memory Kit708633-B21HPE 4 GB (1x4 GB) Dual Rank x8 PC3-14900E (DDR3-1866) Unbuffered CAS-13 Memory Kit708635-B21HPE 8 GB (1x8 GB) Dual Rank x8 PC3-14900E (DDR3-1866) Unbuffered CAS-13 Memory KitLRDIMMs647903-B21HPE 32 GB (1x32 GB) Quad Rank x4 PC3L-10600L (DDR3-1333) Load Reduced CAS-9 Low Voltage Memory Kit 708643-B21HPE 32 GB (1x32 GB) Quad Rank x4 PC3-14900L (DDR3-1866) Load Reduced CAS-13 Memory KitHDIMMs715166-B21HPE 32 GB (1x32 GB) Dual Rank x4 PC3-10600H (DDR3-1333) HyperCloud CAS-9 Memory Kit• RDIMMs offer higher capacities, memory register support, and address error detection• UDIMMs offer lower price points, smaller capacities, and basic ECC• LRDIMMs support maximum capacity• New HyperCloud DIMMs (HDIMMs) support maximum capacity of 768 GB at 3 DPC @1333 only for ProLiant DL380p Gen8 serversSign up for updatesData sheet© Copyright 2012–2013, 2016 Hewlett Packard Enterprise Development LP. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. The only warranties for Hewlett Packard Enterprise products and services are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. Hewlett Packard Enterprise shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein.Intel and Intel Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. AMD is a trademark of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.4AA3-9210ENW, October 2016, Rev. 5Other resourcesFor more information on HPE SmartMemory, visit /products/memory .For more information on qualified memory support for your HPE ProLiant server, visit HPE QuickSpecs: /products/quickspecs .For latest news, videos, podcasts, and updates on HPE Qualified Options, visit /go/hpqo .HPE ProLiant DDR3 Memory Configuration Tool HPE provides a unique Web-based tool to help configure DDR3 memory in your HPE ProLiantserver. The latest version supports HPEProLiant servers based on the Intel E5-2600Series Processors. For more information, visit/products/servers/options/tool/hp_memtool. html .HPE Factory Express HPE Factory Express provides customization and deployment services along with your storage and server purchases. You cancustomize hardware to your exact specificationsin the factory—helping to speed deployment. Visit /go/factoryexpress .Customer technical trainingGain the skills you need with HPE ExpertOne training and certification. With HPE ProLiant training, you will accelerate your technologytransition, improve operational performance, and get the best return on your HPE investment. Ourtraining is available when and where you needit, through flexible delivery options and a global training capability. /learn/proliant HPE Services HPE Technology Services offers a set ofconsultancy, deployment, and support solutionsdesigned to meet the lifecycle needs of your IT environments. HPE Care Pack Services for industry-standard servers includes support forqualified options at no additional cost.HPE Foundation Care Services delivers scalable support-packages for HPE industry-standard servers and software. You can choose the type and level of service that is most suitable for your business needs. New to this portfolio isHPE Collaborative Support Service. This service offers a single point of contact for serverproblem diagnosis, hardware problem resolution, basic software problem diagnosis, fault isolation,and resolution. In case, the issue is with HPE or supported third-party software product and cannot be resolved by applying known fixes, HPE contacts the third-party vendor and create a problem incident on your behalf.If you are running business-criticalenvironments, we offer HPE Proactive Care or HPE Critical Advantage. These services help you deliver high levels of application availability through proactive service management.All service options include HPE InsightRemote Support for secure remote monitoring, diagnosis, and problem resolution. Also included is the HPE Support Center that provides access to the information, tools, and experts to support HPE business products.For more information, visit /services/proliant or /services/bladesystem .HPE Financial ServicesHPE Financial Services provides innovative financing and financial asset management programs to help you acquire, manage, and ultimately retire your HPE solutions. Visit /go/hpfinancialservices .Learn more at/products/memory。
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit3-4答案
新版新视野大学英语读写教程第四册unit3答案unit 3Section AV ocabularyIII.1. raw2. convicted3. compensation4. notify5. provisions6. receipt7. paste8. altered9. thrive 10. certifyExercises on Web course only:11. donation 12. roast 13. rent 14. champion 15. temptationIV1. up2. to3. down4. of5. out6. into7. for8. on9. through 10. ofV.1. M2. E3. G4. A5. H6. C7.18. K9.0 10. DCollocationVI.1. respect2. degree3. money4. living5. praise6. place7. success8. scholarship9. job 10. reputationWord BuildingVII.1. longish2. animal-like3. selfish4. honey-like5. ball-like6. boyish7. yellowish8. bookishVIII.1. politicians2. technician3. comedian4. musicians5. physicians6. electricians7. beautician8. magiciansentence structureIX.1. The wanted man is believed to be living in New Y ork.2. Many people are said to be homeless after the floods.3. Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion.4. The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall.5. Four people are reported to have been seriously injured in the accident.X.1. He tried sending her flowers, but it didn't have any effect.2. I don't regret telling her what I thought, even if I upset her.3. The window was broken because I forgot to close it when I left.4. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are out of stock.5. He welcomed the new student and then went on to explain the college regulations. TranslationXI.1. Seven or eight officials are reported to have taken bribes and the mayor has decided to look into theaffair in person.2. These workers regret yielding to the management's advice and going back to work.Now they areagain faced with the threat of losing their jobs.3. Y ou only need to fill out a form to get your membership, which entitles you to a discount on goods.4. Their car broke down halfway for no reason. As a result they arrived three hours later than they hadplanned.5. The official got involved in a scandal and was forced to resign weeks later.6. The man living on welfare began to build up his own market, one step at a time and his business isthriving.XII1.据报道这个男子曾在私下说：“许多救济对象在欺骗我们，因此，作为补偿，我们有权让他们对我们点头哈腰。
CD0中文手册
概述
本操作手册对使用与维护CELL-DYN 3200系统进行了完整的说明。
本手册的目的是为了满足下列需要：从对操作过程进行逐一说明，到辅件编号的列表。在您学习使用本系统时，本手册会为您提供很大的帮助，在以后的使用过程中也会为您提供实质性的参考。
进行有效学习的基本原则是从全面了解到具体环节的掌握，而这也正是本手册制作过程中所采取的方法。希望您能按部就班地学习。
雅培仪器担保
雅培实验室担保由雅培销售代理（该“仪器”）销售的CELL-DYN仪器在工艺技术上没有缺陷，同时担保在由原购买者正常使用的过程中材料也不会有问题。本担保为期一（1）年，从原始购买者发货之日起的第21天开始计算，或从原始购买者转入其他人名下之日起，视哪种情况首先发生而决定（“担保期”）。
如果在担保期内发生故障，请立即与雅培血液学客户支持中心联系，并准备提供与所发生故障有关的详细情况，仪器的型号，序列号。雅培担保所包含的限度如下：
第2单元安装程序及特殊要求
本单元是对CELL-DYN 3200系统安装的说明。其中介绍了为适应您的实验室的具体需要，而进行的位置选择，安装，设置，以及配置。
第3单元操作原理
本单元对系统操作的背景原理进行说明。其中介绍了什么是系统测量与如何进行系统测量。同时对如何将测量值转化成有用的数据，以及如何将其报告给使用者。
真空吸尘器1
线路电压选择
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主并行打印机
端口
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备用并行打印机
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废弃物
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废弃物传感器
型号
Y-Valve
蠕动泵
试剂说明
无氰化物血红蛋白/有核激光计数细胞溶解
稀释液
稀释液/鞘液
酶清洗液浓度
Thermo Scientific MK.4 ESD和Latch-Up测试系统中文名说明书
The Thermo Scientific MK.4 ESD and Latch-Up Test System is a complete,robust and feature-filled turn-key instrumentation test package, which performs automatic and manual HBM, MM, and Latch-Up tests on devices with pin counts up to 2304. It features the highest speed of test execution, lowest zap interval, and extensive parallelism that enables concurrent zapping with interleaved trace test capability to global and company driven quality standards.• Rapid-relay-based operations—up to 2304 channels• Solid state matrix topology for rapid, easy-to-use testing operations • Latch-Up stimulus and device biasing • High voltage power source chassis with patented HV isolation enables excellent pulse source performance • Advanced device preconditioning with six separate vector drive levels • Massive parallelism drives remarkable test and throughput speeds• Addresses global testing demands for devices that are smaller, faster and smarterThermo ScientificMK.4 ESD and Latch-up Test SystemIndustry standard, ESD and Latch-Up test system for producers ofmultifunction high pin-count devices Thirty years in the making! IC structure designers and QA program managers in manufacturing and test house facilities worldwide have embraced the Thermo Scientific™ MK.4, a versatile, powerful, and flexible, high yield test system. Easily upgradeable, the MK.4 ESD and Latch-Up Test System is fully capable of taking your test operations through ever-evolving regulatory and quality standards.Solid-State Matrix TopologyThe advanced rapid relay-based (modular matrix) hardware of the MK.4 system is at least ten times faster than mechanically driven ESD testers. The switching matrix, while providing consistent ESD paths, also allows any pin to be grounded, floated,vectored or connected to any of the installedV/I supplies. Furthermore, advancedalgorithms ensure accurate switching of HV, in support of pulse source technology, per recent JEDEC/ESDA trailing pulse standards.Advanced Controller and CommunicationsA powerful, extraordinarily fast embedded VME controller drives the highest Speed- of-Test execution available. Data transfer between the embedded controller and the tester’s PC server, is handled through TCP/IP communication protocols, minimizing data transfer time. The tester’s PC server can be accessed through internal networks, as well as through the internet allowing remote access to the system to determine the systems status or to gather result information.Product SpecificationsLatch-Up Stimulus and Device Biasing The MK.4 can be equipped with up to eight 100 V four-quadrant Voltage and Current (V/I) power supplies. Each V/I supply has a wide dynamic range enabling it to force and measure very low voltage at high current levels from 100 mV/10 A to 100 V/1 A. The system’s power supply matrix can deliver up to a total of 18A of current, which is distributed between the installed supplies. These supplies are able to provide a fast and versatile means of making DC parametric and leakage measurements as well as providing latch-up pulses, while offering total control and protection of the DUT.Advanced Device PreconditioningThe MK.4 system provides the most advanced device preconditioning capability available. The DUT can be vectored with complex vector patterns, providing excellent control over the device. Each pin can be driven using one of the 6 different vector supplies. The patterns can be up to 256k deep, running at clock speeds of up to 10 MHz. Device conditioning is easily verified, using the read back compare capability available on every pin.Thermo Scientific MK.4 Scimitar™Software Makes Programming Easy, while Providing Unsurpassed Programming FlexibilityThe MK.4 Windows®-based Scimitar operating software empowers users with the flexibility to easily set-up tests based on industry standards or company driven requirements.Device test plans can be created by importing existing text based device files, on the testers PC server or off-line from a satellite PC containing the application. The software also provides the capabilities to import test plans and device files from previous Thermo Scientific test systems.Test vectors from your functional testers can also be imported into the application. And of course, the vector application allows manual creation and debug of vector files.Device test plans and results are stored in an XML data base, providing unsurpassed results handling, sorting and data mining capabilities.Parallelism Drives Remarkable Test Throughput SpeedsThe MK.4 software enables ESD testing of up to twelve devices at one time using the multisite pulse source design.Embedded VME power supplies eliminate any communication delays that would be seen by using stand alone supplies. The embedded parametric (curve tracing) supply also provides fast, accurate curve tracing data to help you analyze your devices performance.The systems curve tracer can also be used as a failure analysis tool by allowing the comparison of stored, known good results, versus results from a new test sample or samples.Ready for Today’s Component Reliability Demands and Anticipating Those to Come ESD and Latch-Up testing of electronic and electrical goods can be very expensive aspects of the design and manufacturing process. This is especially true as market demands for products that are smaller, faster and smarter become the standard rather than the exception. The Thermo Scientific MK.4 leverages the technology and know- how gained over three decades of test system experience, as well as our in-depth participation and contributions to global regulatory bodies governing these changes, enabling today’s products to meet both global and industry-driven quality standards.The real key to our customers’ success is in anticipating what’s next. And to ensure that our customers possess the ability to evolve quickly to meet all change factors with efficiency and cost effectiveness.As such, the strategically-designed, field upgradeable architecture of the MK.4 system ensures a substantial return on investment over a very considerable test system lifecycle, as well as better short- and long-term qualityand ESD and Latch-Up test economies.Custom fixtures include universal package adaptors to enable the industry’s lowest cost-in-service high pin count device fixturing yetdevised. (2304-pin, Universal 1-mm pitch BGA package adaptor shown.)100W V/I Performance Thermo Scientific MK.4: eight-V/I configuration. Powerful V/Is can deliver a total of 800 W to the DUT, enabling complex testing of all advanced high power processors on your product roadmap.Solid state matrix topology for rapid, easy-to-use testing operations. Design ensures waveform integrity and reproducibility.General SpecificationsHuman Body Model (HBM) per ESDA/JEDEC JS-001-2014, MIL-STD 883E, and AEC Q100-002 25 V to 8 kV in steps of 1 V Test to multiple industry standards in one integrated system; no changing or alignment of pulse sources.Wizard-like prompts on multi-step user actions MachineModel (MM) per ESDA STM5.2, JEDEC/JESD22-A115, andAEC Q100-003, 25 V to 1.5 kV in steps of 1 VIntegrated pulse sources allow fast multi-site test execution.Latch-up testing per JEDEC/JESD 78 test pin and AECQ100-004Includes preconditioning, state read-back and full control of each.Rapid Relay-based operations at least 10 times faster thanrobotic-driven testersSuper fast test speeds.Test devices up to 2304 pins Systems available configured as 1152, 1728 or 2304 pins.Waveform network: Two, 12 site HBM (100 pF/1500Ω)and MM (200 pF/0Ω) pulse sources address up to 12devices simultaneouslyPatented design ensures waveform compliance for generations to come.Multiple device selection When multiple devices are present; graphical display indicates the devices selectedfor test; progress indicator displays the current device under test (DUT), along withtest status information.Unsurpassed software architecture Flexible programming, easy to use automated test setups, TCP/IP communication. Enables use of device set-up information Increased efficiency and accuracy from other test equipment, as well as deviceinformation import.Event trigger output Manages setup analysis with customized scope trigger capabilities.High voltage power supply chassis Modular chassis with patented HV isolation enables excellent pulse sourceperformance.Power supply sequencing Provides additional flexibility to meet more demanding test needs of integratedsystem-on-chip (SOC) flexibility.Manages ancillary test equipment through Plug-n feature allows the user to control external devices, such as scopes or heatstreams or other devices the Scimitar Plug-ins feature as required for automatedtesting.Pin drivers for use during Latch-Up testing Vector input/export capability from standard tester platforms and parametricmeasurements.256k vectors per pin with read-back Full real-time bandwidth behind each of the matrix pins.Six independent vector voltage levels Test complex I/O and Multi-Core products with ease.Up to 10MHz vector rate (programmable) Quickly and accurately set the device into the desired state for testing from an internalclock.Comprehensive engineering vector debug. Debug difficult part vectoring setups with flexibility.Up to eight separate V/I supplies (1 stimulus and 7 bias supplies) capability through the V/I matrix High accuracy DUT power, curve tracing, and Latch-up stimulus available; design also provides high current.Low resolution/high accuracy parametric measurements, using an embedded Keithley PSU With the optional Keithley PSU feature (replaces one V/I, nA measurements are achievable, allowing supply bus resistance measurement analysis to be performed.Multiple self-test diagnostic routines Ensures system integrity throughout the entire relay matrix, right up to the test socket Test reports: pre-stress, pre-fail (ESD) and post-fail data,as well as full curve trace and specific data pointmeasurementsData can be exported for statistical evaluation & presentation.Individual pin parametrics Allows the user to define V/I levels, compliance ranges, and curve trace parametersfor each pin individually.Enhanced data set features Report all data gathered for off-line reduction and analysis; core test data is readilyavailable; all data is stored in an easy-to-manipulate standard XML file structure. Interlocked safety cover Ensures no user access during test. All potentially lethal voltages are automaticallyterminated when cover is opened. Safety cover window can be easily modified toaccept 3rd party thermal heads.Dimensions60 cm (23.5 in) W x 99 cm (39 in) D x 127 cm (50 in) H© 2016 Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. All rights reserved. Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. All other trademarks are the property of Thermo Fisher Scientific and its subsidiaries. Results may vary under different operating conditions. Specifications, terms and pricing are subject to change. Not all products are available in all countries. Please consult your local sales representative for details.Africa-Other +27 11 570 1840 Australia +61 2 8844 9500 Austria +43 1 333 50 34 0 Belgium +32 53 73 42 41 Canada +1 800 530 8447 China +86 10 8419 3588 Denmark +45 70 23 62 60 Europe-Other +43 1 333 50 34 0Finland /Norway/Sweden+46 8 556 468 00France +33 1 60 92 48 00Germany +49 6103 408 1014India +91 22 6742 9434Italy +39 02 950 591Japan +81 45 453 9100Latin America +1 608 276 5659Middle East +43 1 333 50 34 0Netherlands +31 76 579 55 55South Africa +27 11 570 1840Spain +34 914 845 965Switzerland +41 61 716 77 00UK +44 1442 233555USA +1 800 532 4752Thermo Fisher Scientific,San Jose, CA USA is ISO Certified. CTS.05102016Product SpecificationsScimitar Software FeaturesSummary Panel with easy navigation among device componentsWizard-like prompts on multi-step user actionsControl of external devices through the use of Scimitar’s user programmable Plug-in capabilities, in addition to the Event Trigger Outputs, which provide TTL control signals for external devices, such as power supplies or for triggering oscilloscopesFlexible parametric tests that are defined and placed at an arbitrary position within the executable test plan.Comprehensive results viewer that provides:• ESD and Static Latch-up data viewing capabilities• Curves viewer with zooming capabilities and the ability to add user comments• Data filtering on the following criteria – failed pins, failed results, final stress levels• A complete set or subset of results using user defined parameters• Sorting in ascending or descending order by various column criteriaTree-like logical view of the tests and test plans.Flexible data storage that provides the ability for the end-user to query the dataSeamless support of existing ZapMaster, MK.2, MK.4, and Paragon test plansCurve tracing with curve-to-curve and relative spot-to-spot comparisonOff-line curve analyzing, including third-party generated waveformsCanned JESD78A test (static latch-up only) that can be defined automaticallyPause/Resume test capabilitiesIntermediate results viewingAutomated waveform capture capability and analysis using the embedded EvaluWave software feature。
OSHA现场作业手册说明书
DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。
高三英语优质课件ppt
Identify the structure
Understanding how the article is organized and how different ideas are connected
I believe that he is honest (Object clause)
Example: What he said is not true (Subject clause)
Definition: A noun clause plays the role of a noun in a sentence and can serve as a subject, object, predicate, etc.
Intense grammar and vocabulary exercises to improve students' language accuracy and fluency
Listening comprehension
Authentic listening materials, such as podcasts, news, and dialogues, to improve students' listening comprehension skills
Understanding different text structures
Recognizing different text structures such as narratives, arguments, comparisons, etc
IDEXX 4Dx
Screening for vector-borne disease IDEXX 4Dx® Plus Test clinical reference guideWith the IDEXX 4Dx ® Plus T est, a positive result can also be an indication of ticks and and the pathogens they carry. Know more with every resultdetect antibodies to these pathogens When you use the IDEXX 4Dx Plus T est as a screening tool, you maycarried by these ticks Anaplasmaphagocytophilum Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)Ehrlichia ewingiiEhrlichia canis Anaplasma platysBabesia spp.Rocky Mountain spotted feverEhrlichia chaffeensis TularemiaRocky Mountain spotted fever STARIBartonella spp.Babesia spp.Ehrlichia canis Brown dog tickRhipicephalus sanguineusAmerican dog tickDermacentor variabilisBlack-legged tick (deer tick)Ixodes scapularis Ixodes pacificusLone star tickAmblyomma americanumRocky Mountain spotted fever TularemiaGeographic tickdistribution as of 20213that may also transmit other pathogens and infections to dogs and peopleLyme diseasebacterium Borrelia burgdorferi cases that have mild to severe disease.* S erology is typically used to diagnose Lyme disease. B. burgdorferi Did you know?•D ogs testing positive for antibodies to the C 6 peptide had 43% increased risk of having chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to seronegative dogs.4• T he C 6 peptide used in the IDEXX 4Dx ® Plus Test and Lyme Quant C 6® Antibody Test does not cross-react with the antibody response to commercially available Lyme vaccines.5 • D ogs with seroreactivity to both B. burgdorferi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum may have two times the risk of developing clinical illness than singularly infected dogs.2Borrelia burgdorferiPrimary vectorsIxodes scapularis or Ixodes pacificus Black-legged tick (deer tick)Pathology• Localizes in tissues of infected dogs • Synovitis (may be subclinical) • Lyme nephritisClinical presentationChronic infection with clinical signs that may present acutely:• Fever, anorexia• Polyarthritis, lameness• Rapidly progressive renal failure • Neurologic syndromesLaboratory abnormalities• Elevated C 6 antibody level ≥ 30 U/mL • May have proteinuria• M ay have IDEXX SDMA ® T est result > 14 µg/dLCKD monitoring• Chemistry panel with SDMA – R ecommended to evaluate forthe development of protein-losing kidney disease• Urinalysis with Reflex UPC – R ecommended to evaluate forproteinuria • CBC with blood film evaluation – R ecommended as part of aminimum databaseHeartworm diseaseDirofilaria immitis, the causative agent of heartworm disease, is transmitted when mosquitoes infected with D. immitis larvae feed on (or bite) a healthy dog. Heartworm disease has subtle or mild clinical signs in the early stages, making preventive measures so much more important—especially as advanced infection may result in death.Did you know?•D espite availability of monthly preventives, prevalence rates of canine heartworm have remained consistent nationwide.7•T he American Heartworm Society (AHS) and the Companion Animal Parasite Council (CAPC) recommend testing all dogs for both antigen and microfilariae annually.7,8•F or more information and current recommendations on treating canine heartworm disease, goto or . Dirofilaria immitisPrimary vectorMosquitoPathologyInfective larvae (L3) mature to adult worms in the heart and pulmonary arteriesClinical presentation Asymptomatic at first, later developing:• Mild, persistent cough• Lethargy• Exercise intolerance• Reduced appetite• Weight lossLaboratory abnormalities that may be seen • Eosinophilia• Azotemia• Increased liver enzymes• ProteinuriaAnaplasmaphagocytophilumAnaplasma platysPrimary vectorsIxodes scapularis Ixodes pacificusBlack-legged tick (deer tick)Rhipicephalus sanguineus (brown dog tick)PathologyInfects neutrophilsInfects plateletsClinical presentationCan present acutely:• F ever • Anorexia • Lethargy• Polyarthritis, lameness • Neurologic signsUsually minimal clinical signs, but some dogs may have:• F ever • Uveitis• Petechiae and ecchymoses • EpistaxisLaboratory abnormalities• Thrombocytopenia• Anemia• Lymphopenia• Increased liver enzymesOther findings may be seen:• Decreased albumin • Increased globulin• Increased ALP and ALT • Proteinuria• Decreased Urine SG • Increased UPC NotePrevious infection may not prevent reinfection and persistent infections are possible.9,10Canine anaplasmosisCanine granulocytic anaplasmosis is caused by the bacterium Anaplasma phagocytophilum (transmitted by the black-legged tick [deer tick]). Anaplasma platys (transmitted by the brown dog tick) is the cause of infectious cyclic thrombocytopenia.Did you know?•M any mammalian species, including humans, are susceptible to A. phagocytophilum infection. •D ogs coinfected with Anaplasma and other bacterial pathogens may have more complex disease presentations and respond more slowly to therapy.• A .platys infects canine platelets and is frequently seen as a coinfection with Ehrlichia canis .Canine ehrlichiosisCanine ehrlichiosis is caused by the bacteria Ehrlichia canis (transmitted by the brown dog tick) and Ehrlichia ewingii (transmitted by the lone star tick). Canine Ehrlichia infections may progress to the subclinical phase or may become chronic infections.Ehrlichia canisEhrlichia ewingiiPrimary vectorRhipicephalus sanguineus (Brown dog tick)Amblyomma americanum (Lone star tick)PathologyInfects monocytes Infects granulocytesClinical presentation• Fever, anorexia, lethargy • Bleeding disorders • Polyarthritis, lameness • Lymphadenomegaly • Neurologic signs• Fever, anorexia, lethargy • Polyarthritis, lameness • Neurologic signsLaboratory abnormalitiesNotePrevious infection may not prevent reinfection, and persistent infections are possible.12,14Did you know?• D ogs coinfected with E. canis and A. platys were found to have more severe anemia and thrombocytopenia than dogs with either single infection.11• I n a study of healthy dogs with antibodies to E. canis , 39% were thrombocytopenic.12• C hronic E. canis infections, if left untreated, can lead to bone marrow dysfunction or kidney disease.• D ogs with Ehrlichia antibodies in E. canis endemic areas had a 112% increased risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD).13CKD monitoring• Chemistry panel with SDMA - R ecommended to evaluate forsecondary kidney disease.• Urinalysis with UPC - R ecommended to evaluatefor proteinuria • CBC with blood film - R ecommended as part of aminimum database• Anemia• Thrombocytopenia • Hyperglobulinemia • ProteinuriaOther clinical findings may include:• Decreased albumin • Increased globulin• Mild increased ALT and ALP • Increased SDMA • Creatinine• Decreased urine specific gravity, proteinuria • Increased urine protein:creatinine (UPC) ratio.Serology and PCR for sick patients For dogs presenting with clinical signs consistent with a vector-borne disease, usingserology and PCR together improves your ability to make an accurate diagnosis.Serology Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)Measures Antibody response of host Nucleic acid (DNA) from pathogenBenefits Useful for screening as well as diagnosisof infection Specifically identifies pathogens indicating active infectionLimitations Clinical signs may precede a measurableantibody response A negative PCR result does not necessarily rule out infectionDogs with ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis may present with clinical signs at different times after infection. Which sick dog are you dealing with? Benefits and limitations of each diagnostic methodrecrudescence presents presents presentsWhen to use the IDEXX vector-borne disease RealPCR™ panels• S ick patients with clinical signsand/or laboratory abnormalitiesconsistent with a vector-borne illness• P atients with subclinical infectionsbased on history, physicalexamination, serology, and clinicallaboratory findings“No single test is sufficientfor diagnosing an infectious disease in a sick patient.”Edward Breitschwerdt, DVM, DACVIM*Professor, Internal MedicineCollege of Veterinary Medicine,North Carolina State University* D r. Breitschwerdt has a business relationship with IDEXX pursuant to which he receives compensation from IDEXX from time to time. The views expressed in this guide are solely those of Dr. Breitschwerdt.References1. G eneral guidelines: Parasite testing and protection guided by veterinarians [dog].Companion Animal Parasite Council website. /guidelines /general-guidelines. Updated July 29, 2020. Accessed November 17. 2021. 2. B eall MJ, Chandrashekar R, Eberts MD, et al. Serological and molecular prevalenceof Borrelia burgdorferi , Anaplasma phagocytophilum , and Ehrlichia species in dogs from Minnesota. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis . 2008;8(4):455–464. doi:10.1089/vbz.2007.0236 3. R egions where ticks live [maps]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website./ticks/geographic_distribution.html. November 17, 2021. 4. D rake C, Coyne M, McCrann DJ, Buch J, Mack R. Risk of development of chronickidney disease after exposure to Borrelia burgdorferi and Anaplasma spp. T op Companion Anim Med. 2020;42:100491. doi:10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100491 5. O ’Connor TP , Esty KJ, Hanscom JL, Shields P , Philipp MT . Dogs vaccinatedwith common Lyme disease vaccines do not respond to IR 6, the conserved immunodominant region of the VlsE surface protein of Borrelia burgdorferi.Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2004;11(3):458–462. doi:10.1128/CDLI.11.3.458-462.2004 6. S traubinger RK. PCR-based quantification of Borrelia burgdorferi organisms in caninetissues over a 500-day postinfection period. J Clin Microbiol. 2000;38(6):2191–2199. doi:10.1128/JCM.38.6.2191-2199.2000 7. C APC prevalence maps: heartworm [dog]. Companion Animal Parasite Councilwebsite. /maps/#/2021/all-year/heartworm-canine/dog/united-states. Accessed November 17, 2021.8. A merican Heartworm Society. Current canine guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis,and management of heartworm infection in dogs . 2020. Accessed November 17, 2021. https:///images/pdf/AHS_Canine_Guidelines_11_ 13_20.pdf?1605556516 9. E genvall A, Lilliehöök I, Bjöersdorff A, et al. Detection of granulocytic Ehrlichia speciesDNA by PCR in persistently infected dogs. Vet Rec . 2000;146(7):186–190. doi:10.1136/vr.146.7.186 10. B reitschwerdt EB, Hegarty BC, Qurollo BA, et al. Intravascular persistence ofAnaplasma platys , Ehrlichia chaffeensis , and Ehrlichia ewingii DNA in the blood of a dog and two family members. Parasit Vectors . 2014;7:298. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-298 11. G aunt S, Beall M, Stillman B, et al. Experimental infection and co-infection of dogs withAnaplasma platys and Ehrlichia canis : hematologic, serologic and molecular findings. Parasit Vectors . 2010;3(1):33. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-33 12. H egarty BC, de Paiva Diniz PP , Bradley JM, Lorentzen L, Breitschwerdt E. Clinicalrelevance of annual screening using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbentassay (SNAP 3Dx) for canine ehrlichiosis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2009;45(3):118–124. doi:10.5326/0450118 13. B urton W, Drake C, Ogeer J, et al. Association between exposure to Ehrlichia spp.and risk of developing chronic kidney disease in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc . 2020;56(3):159–164. doi:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-7012 14. S tarkey LA, Barrett AW, Beall MJ, et al. Persistent Ehrlichia ewingii infection indogs after natural tick infestation. J Vet Intern Med . 2015;29(2):552–555. doi:10.1111/jvim.12567 15. S nellgrove AN, Krapiunaya I, Ford SL, et al. Vector competence of Rhipicephalussanguineus sensu stricto for Anaplasma platys . Ticks Tick Borne Dis. 2020;11(6):101517. doi:10.1016/j.ttbdis.2020.101517Depend on the most accurate and comprehensive screenSNAP 4Dx Plus T estReference-laboratory quality in the palm of your hand, for superior diagnostic accuracy at the pointof care.Lab 4Dx Plus T estAvailable from IDEXX Reference Laboratories as a stand-alone test or as part of a more comprehensiveparasite screen with the Fecal Dx Antigen Panel with Lab 4Dx Plus Test-Canine.SNAP ® technology uses a proprietary three-step process to deliver dependable sensitivity and specificity.Available in-clinic or from IDEXX Reference LaboratoriesStrengthen the bonds.IDEXX Laboratories, Inc.One IDEXX DriveWestbrook, Maine 04092United StatesAmerican dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) photographer: Susan E. Ellis, USDA-APHIS-PPQ. Black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), and brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) photographer: James L. Occi.© 2022 IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. • 09-69074-13All ®/TM marks are owned by IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. or its affiliates in the United States and/or other countries. The IDEXX Privacy Policy is available at .。
Community-language-learning
Definition
Community language learning (CLL) was primarily designed for monolingual conversation classes where the teachercounselor would be able to speak the learners' L1(mother tongue).
In this way they are totally involved in the analysis process. The language is completely personalised and with higher levels they can themselves decide what parts of their conversation they would like to analyse, whether it be tenses, lexis or discourse.
Stage 3 - Discussion
Next the students discuss how they think the conversation went. They can discuss how they felt about talking to a microphone and whether they felt more comfortable speaking aloud than they might do normally. This part is not recorded.
仁爱英语九年级unt4知识点
仁爱英语九年级unt4知识点Unit 4 Knowledge Points in Ren'ai English for Ninth GradeIntroduction:In the Ren'ai English curriculum for ninth grade, Unit 4 focuses on various knowledge points to enhance the students' understanding and command over the English language. This unit covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading, and writing, providing a comprehensive approach to language learning. Let's explore some of the key knowledge points in this unit.1. Verb Tenses:One of the essential aspects of English grammar is verb tenses. In Unit 4, students learn about different tenses, such as simple present, simple past, and simple future. Understanding when and how to use these tenses is crucial for effective communication. Through practice exercises and examples, students can gain proficiency in verb tense usage.2. Vocabulary Expansion:Vocabulary plays a vital role in language development. Unit 4 offers an opportunity for students to broaden their vocabulary range.They learn new words and expressions related to various themes such as technology, environment, and social issues. By increasing their word power, students can improve their reading comprehension and express themselves more precisely.3. Reading Comprehension:Unit 4 includes engaging reading passages that aim to enhance students' reading comprehension skills. These passages cover different genres, including fiction, non-fiction, and informational texts. Students are encouraged to analyze and interpret the texts, identify main ideas, make inferences, and draw conclusions. This exercise strengthens their critical thinking abilities.4. Writing Skills:Unit 4 focuses on improving students' writing skills. They learn about different types of writing, such as descriptive, narrative, and persuasive writing. Students are guided to brainstorm ideas, organize their thoughts coherently, and develop their arguments effectively. Through practice and feedback, students can sharpen their writing abilities and express themselves with clarity and precision.5. Grammar Usage:Grammar is the backbone of any language, and in Unit 4, students consolidate their understanding of grammar rules. They revise and practice various grammar structures, including verb agreement, subject-verb agreement, and pronoun usage. By mastering correct grammar usage, students can express themselves accurately and avoid common errors.6. Language Functions:Language functions refer to the purpose or intention behind communication. In this unit, students learn how to express opinions, give explanations, provide suggestions, and ask for clarification effectively. Developing language functions enables students to express themselves fluently and engage in meaningful conversations.7. Listening Skills:Listening skills are crucial for effective communication. Unit 4 emphasizes the development of these skills through various listening exercises. Students are exposed to different accents, speech speeds, and topics. This exposure helps them to comprehend spoken language, follow instructions, and respond appropriately.8. Spelling and Pronunciation:Correct spelling and pronunciation are essential for clear communication. Unit 4 includes activities and practice exercises that focus on improving spelling skills and pronunciation accuracy. Students learn about common spelling patterns, silent letters, and word stress. By paying attention to these aspects, they can enhance their overall language proficiency.Conclusion:Unit 4 in Ren'ai English for Ninth Grade covers a wide range of knowledge points to enhance students' English language skills. It provides opportunities for grammar consolidation, vocabulary expansion, reading comprehension, writing improvement, and more. By focusing on these knowledge points, students can strengthen their command over the language and become more confident English speakers and writers.。
CibseGuideCPipeSizingSpreadsheet
Cibse Guide C Pipe Sizing SpreadsheetIf searched for a book Cibse guide c pipe sizing spreadsheet in pdf format, in that case you come on to loyal site. We present utter option of this ebook in PDF, doc, DjVu, txt, ePub formats. You can reading Cibse guide c pipe sizing spreadsheet online or download. Therewith, on our site you may reading the instructions and different art eBooks online, either download theirs. We wish draw your attention what our website does not store the book itself, but we grant link to website whereat you can download or read online. If want to downloading Cibse guide c pipe sizing spreadsheet pdf, then you have come on to the correct site. We own Cibse guide c pipe sizing spreadsheet DjVu, doc, PDF, txt, ePub formats. We will be happy if you will be back us anew.cibse guide pipe sizing - Cibse Guide Pipe Sizing Cibse Pipe Sizing | Tricia Joy Pipe Sizing for Hot and Cold Example calculations for ventilation sizing for dwellings 83 Seecibse -- guide c - reference data - techstreet - Such a spreadsheet is provided on CIBSE Guide C: 2007 Pipe and Duct Sizing Browse related products from Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers.cibse guide c pipe sizing tables - Cibse Guide C Pipe Sizing Tables Chilled Water Pipe Sizing Chart Cibse Guide compiled pdf, doc Compiled Documents for Chilled Water Pipe Sizing Chart Cibse Guide .pipe size chart - benjamin steel co - Pipe Size Chart Nominal: O.D. Schedule Number: Pipe Size: inches : 10. 20. 30. 40. 60. 80. 100. 120. 140. 160. 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Low loss header sizing guide The table below is for reference purposes tube diameters detailed below refer to steel pipe and are calculatedcibse guide c pipe sizing - Cibse Gas Sizing Tables Documents > New updated files for cibse gas sizing tables; such as CIBSE Guide C, Section 4, Social Security and Chartereddownload cibse guide c videos - - Jun 23, 2011 how to download CIBSE Guide C: Reference Data pda where to download CIBSE Guide C: Reference Data free ebook ipad CIBSE Guide C: Reference Data. Read more.cibse :: heating - CIBSE Guide F Energy fluids in pipes and ducts could be found in CIBSE Guide and inform the sizing of the heating system. 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Igg. Com for free download. Oyxyn, http: ngrjcqn Blog. Igg. Com CIBSE Guide Ccibse -- guide c - reference data - Includes CD-Rom: CIBSE Guide C: 2007 Pipe and Duct Sizing Spreadsheets. Browse related products from Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers.hevacomp pipe sizing - eng-tips engineering forums - sometimes when I do cold water pipe sizing , I observe the only difference is pressure drop value between CIBSE guide and Hevacomp pipe sizingcibse pipe sizing v2 2 | anand sontakke - - Input Data CIBSE GUIDE C4: Flow of Fluids in Pipes and Ducts Pipe Sizing Tables Release 2.2 2007 CIBSE CIBSE Pipe Sizing V2 2. Uploaded by Anand Sontakke. 9cibse - chartered institution of building - The Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers (CIBSE) is the prime source of expertise in the Building Services industry.water flow rate for pipe sizes with excel spreadsheetslow - Water flow rate for pipe of different diameters The Excel formulas then calculate water flow rates for the entered pipe sizes and lengths. The spreadsheet shownmaintaining effective operational pressures - - When undertaking pipe sizing and pressure loss (CIBSE Guide C 2007 provides pressure drop data in a simple spreadsheet unlike previous editions that hadpipe sizing / flowrate calculation spreadsheet - - Pipe Sizing / Flowrate Calculation The attached spreadsheet is designed to help answer the frequently asked questions "What size pipe shouldcibse pipe sizing v2 - scribd - Input Data. CIBSE GUIDE C4: Flow of Fluids in Pipes and Ducts Pipe Sizing Tables Release 2 2007 CIBSE SELECTION CRITERIA Pipe material: Water temperature: Glycol - Pipe Surface Roughness (CIBSE C4.7) Pressure Drop / m pa / m ..but as a general guide 10 is used DUCT Sizing Calc Spreadsheet assumes steel ductpipeline design - Correction factors for water at 150 C Nominal pipe size mm inches 1 Fig. 5.13 Extract from CIBSE Guide Table C4.5. Nominal pipe size mm 10 15 20 25 32 40 50 65cibse - cibse guide c: reference data 2007 - CIBSE Guide C was comprehensively updated Such a spreadsheet is provided on the CD the PIPE SIZING and DUCT SIZING SPREADSHEETS previously available oncibse pipe sizing spreadsheet - free ebooks - Cost Accounting 5th Edition Solution Manual Cost Accounting 5th Edition Solution Manual Download Cibse guide c pipe sizing spreadsheet.pdf Download Yamaha 703cibse guide c: reference data - - CIBSE Guide C: Reference Data. 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分析化学考研面试问题。
药物分析实验典型问题1、鉴别检查在药品质量控制中的意义及一般杂质检查的主要项目是什么? What are thepurposes of drug identification and test? What are the usual items of drug tests?.2、比色比浊操作应遵循的原则是什么? What are the standard operation procedures forthe clarity test?3、试计算葡萄糖重金属检查中标准铅溶液的取用量。
How much of the lead standardsolution should be taken for the limit test for heavy metals in this experiment?4、古蔡氏试砷法中所加各试剂的作用与操作注意点是什么? What precautions shouldbe taken for the limit test for arsenic(Appendix VIII J，method 1)? And what is the function for each of the test solutions added?5、根据样品取用量、杂质限量及标准砷溶液的浓度，计算标准砷溶液的取用量。
Figure outthe amount of the arsenic standard solution that should be taken for the limit test for arsenic(Appendix VIII J，method 1) (0.0001%) in this experiment with the specified quantity of 2.0 g of sample.6、炽灼残渣测定的成败关键是什么？什么是恒重？What is the key step during thedetermination of residue on ignition? What does ‘ignite or dry to constant weight’mean?7、盐酸普鲁卡因的鉴别原理是什么？What are the principles of the identification ofProcaine Hydrochloride.8、盐酸普鲁卡因注射液中为什么要检查对氨基苯甲酸？Why is the limit of4-aminobenzoic acid tested for Procaine Hydrochloride?9、薄层色谱法检查药物中有关物质的方法通常有哪几种类型?本实验属于哪种?与其它方法有何异同点? How many kinds of the limit tests for related compounds are there?What are the differences between them? Which one is used for the limit test of 4-amino-benzoic acid in Procaine Hydrochloride Injection?10、醋酸氢化可的松的鉴别原理是什么？What are the principles of the identification ofhydrocortisone acetate?11、甾体激素中“其它甾体”检查的意义和常用方法是什么？What are the commonly usedmethod for and the significance of the limit test for other steroids for the steroidal drugs?12、哪类甾体激素可与四氮唑蓝产生反应，是结构中的何种基团参与了反应，反应式是什么？What kind of steroidal drugs can react with the alkaline tetrazolium blue TS?What is the chemical reaction equation?13、氯贝丁酯的鉴别原理是什么？What are the principles of the identification ofclofibrate?14、氯贝丁酯中为什么要检查对氯酚？其方法及原理是什么？Why is the limit ofp-Chlorophenol tested for clofibrate? What kind of method is employed for the test and what is the principle?15、气相色谱法检查杂质有哪些方法，试比较各种方法的特点？How many types ofmethods are there for the test of related compounds by the gas chromatography?What are the differences between them?16、抗生素类药物的鉴别和检查有何特点？What are the characteristics for theidentification and tests of antibiotics?17、钠盐的焰色反应应注意什么？What precautions should be taken during the flamereaction of sodium salts?18、本品吸收度检查的意义是什么？What is the purpose of the light absorption tests forbenzylpenicillin sodium?19、药物晶型测定的常用方法有哪些，各有什么特点？What are the commonly usedmethods for the test of polymorphism? And what are the characteristics of each of them?20、吸收系数测定方法与要求？What are the standard operation procedures for theestablishment of specific absorbance?21、写出异烟肼与溴酸钾的滴定反应式和滴定度的计算过程。
PracticalManagementScienceSolutionManual4shared
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GUINNESS (Ireland, 4.2% abv)ruby red in color, creamy dry roasted flavor,hint of bitter on the finishGUINNESS HALF PINTMix Guinness with other beers,Guinness will always float on top.-m i xe s -HALF & HALF - Harp Lager BLACKSMITH - Smithwick’s AleBLACK & BLACK - A splash of sweet black currant BLACK GAARDEN - Hoegaarden BLACK AND TAN - Bass BLACK VELVETEEN - CiderBLACK VELVET -ChampagneFADÓ IRISH COFFEETullamore D.E.W. Irish Whiskey and brown sugar in hot coffee,topped with cream and cinnamon swirlsL A G E R S (L I G H T E R , C R I S P )HARP (Ireland, 5% abv)light golden color, medium body, crisp taste STELLA ARTOIS (Belgium, 5.2% abv)medium body, crisp, slightly hoppyHEINEKEN (Netherlands, 5% abv)uniquely different from bottle, light body, crisp, sweet taste CARLSBERG (Denmark, 5.0% abv)light body with a thin malty palate, crisp and cleanDOS XX (Mexico, 4.3% abv) pale yellow, crisp and refreshing MILLER LITElight body with a smooth finishA L E S (H O P P Y , M A L T Y O RB O T H )SMITHWICK’S (Ireland, 4.5% abv) amber red, medium body, roasted malt flavor BODDINGTONS (England, 4.7% abv)silky smooth, soft and creamy, medium bodyFIREMANS 4 (Blanco,TX, 6.0% abv)pleasantly hoppy with notes of citrusTHIRSTY GOAT AMBER (Austin, TX, 5.8% abv)notes of toast, toffee, dried fruits, dry hopped GOOSE ISLAND ROTATING HANDLE (Chicago)ask your server about today’s current selecionI P A (A B I G H E R B A L , C I T R I C H O P P Y B E E R !)512 IPA (Austin, TX, 7.0% abv)aggressively dry-hopped American IPA with smooth bitternessH E F E /W I T (W H E A T B A S E D , L I G H T )HOEGAARDEN (Belgium, 4.9% abv)cloudy, golden yellow, light-bodied, citrus flavor LIVE OAK HEFE (Austin, 5.2% abv)Hefeweizen - cloudy, straw-colored appearance with delicate notes of clove, vanilla and banana, refreshingC IDE RMAGNERS (Ireland, 4.5% abv)Ireland’s premium cider, crisp, clean, sweet finishSTRONGBOW (England, 5% abv)crisp dry cider, light body, sweet and tart apple flavorASK ABOUT ADDITIONALROTATING HANDLESRYEBulleit RyeHigh West Double RyeTempleton Rye WhistlePig RyeASK ABOUT ADDITIONAL SELECTIONSIRISHBlack Bush Bushmills 10 yr Bushmills 16 yr Bushmills 21 yr Bushmills 1608 Green Spot JamesonJaemeson Caskmates Jameson 12 yr Jameson 18 yrJameson Black Barrel Jameson Gold Reserve Jameson VintageMidleton Dair Ghaelach Midleton Very Rare Midleton Legacy Powers John’s LanePowers Signature Release Redbreast 12 yrRedbreast 12 yr Cask Redbreast 15 yr Redbreast 21 yr TeelingTullamore D.E.W. 12 yr Tullamore D.E.W. Phoenix Yellow SpotSCOTCHAberlour 12 yr Aberlour A’Bunabh Balvenie 12 Balvenie 15Balvenie 14 Caribbean Cask Glenlivet 12 yrGlenlivet 16 yr First Fill Glenlivet 18 yr Glenlivet 21Glenfiddich 12 yr Glenfiddich 15 yr Glenfiddich 18 yr Glenfiddich 21 yr Glenmorangie 10 yr Glenmorangie 18 yrGlenmorangie Lasanta Glenmorangie Signet Highland Park 12 yr Johnnie Walker Black Johnnie Walker Platinum Johnnie Walker Blue Lagavulin 16 yr Laphroaig 10 yr Macallan 12 yr Macallan 15 yr Macallan 18 yr Macallan Rare Cask ObanTalisker 10 yrBOURBONAngel’s Envy Basil Hayden’s Balcones True Blue Blanton’s Single Barrel Buffalo Trace BulleitElmer T. Lee Single Barrel Four Roses Limited Edition Knob Creek Maker’s MarkSwift Texas Single Malt Woodford Reserve JAPANESE WHISKEYNikka Coffey GrainYamakazi 12 yrRed Bull4Sugar Free Red Bull 4Red Bull Blue Edition 4Club Orange3.5Panna Water3TopoChico 2.75We serve Coke productsNON ALCOHOLICBV CENTURY CELLARS CHARDONNAY (Napa Valley, CA) citrus, apple & pear with a hint of floral & spice, balanced acidity, silky textureBLACK STALLION CHARDONNAY (Napa Valley, CA) bright lemon zest and hazelnut aromas, flavors of citrus, almond and spiceLUNA NUDA PINOT GRIGIO(Alto Adige, Italy) soft lemon, lime and Golden Delicious Apple flavors, crisp, refreshing finishCHATEAU STE. MICHELLE RIESLING(Columbia Valley, WA) sweet lime, ripe peach and crisp apple flavorsWAIRAU RIVER SAUVIGNON BLANC (Marlborough, New Zealand) flavors of guava and gooseberry, followed by lemons and limes on finishPOEMA CAVA SPARKLING WINE(Penedès, Spain) fresh, citrus, mineral and Granny Smith Apple aromasBV CENTURY CELLARS CABERNET SAUVIGNON(Napa Valley, CA) fruit forward, blackberries, cherries, cocoa and subtle spices, soft tanninsLIBERTY SCHOOL CABERNET (Paso Robles, CA) full bodied, raspberry and black cherry flavors with balanced acidity and soft tannins CHLOE PINOT NOIR(Monterey County, CA) wild strawberries, plums and cherries with hints of spicy cloveMEIOMI PINOT NOIR(Sonoma-Santa Barbara - Monterey Counties, CA)blackberry, dark cherry, juicy strawberry, and toasty mocha flavorsCHARLES SMITH THE VELVET DEVIL MERLOT (Columbia Valley, WA) aromas of dark cherries, cedar & cherry blossomsALTA VISTA MALBEC(Mendoza, Argentina) intense aromas of black cherry, plum and exotic spices, notes of coffee and vanillaW H I T E SW I N E SR E D SAmstel Light | LAGER | NetherlandsAustin Beerworks Pearl-Snap | LAGER | Austin Corona | LAGER | MexicoEstrella Damm Daura | LAGER | Spain (Gluten Free) Lone Star | LAGER | TexasSierra Nevada | PALE ALE | California Leffe Blonde | PALE ALE | Belgium Bass Ale | PALE ALE | EnglandLagunitas A Little Sumpin’ Sumpin’ | PALE ALE | California Belhaven | ALE | Scotland (16.9 oz) Blue Moon | WHEAT | ColoradoAustin Beerworks Fire Eagle | IPA | Austin Dogfish Head 60 Minute IPA | IPA | Delaware Green Flash West Coast IPA | IPA | California Hops & Grain Greenhouse IPA | IPA | Austin Lagunitas IPA | IPA | CaliforniaChimay Première Red | BELGIAN | Belgium Shiner Bock | BOCK | Texas Angry Orchard | CIDER | OhioMagners Pear Cider | CIDER | Ireland Stella Artois Cidre | CIDER | Belgium Austin Eastciders | CIDER | TexasCrabbie’s Original Alcoholic | GINGER BEER | Scotland Crabbie’s Orange Alcoholic | GINGER BEER | Scotland Not Your Father’s Ginger Ale | GINGER BEER | Illinois Not Your Father’s Root Beer | SPICE | Illinois Duchesse De Bourgogne | SOUR | Belgium Kaliber | NON ALCOHOLIC | IrelandBudweiser Bud LightMichelob Ultra Coors LightASK ABOUT ADDITIONAL SEASONAL SELECTIONSD O ME S T I C SGuinness Foreign Extra Stout - IrelandPICKLEBACKshot of Tullamore D.E.W. whiskeywith a cold pickle brine chaser - it’s the futureJÄGERBOMBGerman Jäger dropped into Austrian Red Bull,get internationalCARBOMBIrish Whiskey and Baileys shot dropped into a GuinnessC H I P S H O PFADO THICK CUT CHIPS ORNATURAL THIN CUT CHIPSTOPPED CHIPS 7.95Tossed Fresh Rosemary & Parmesan Harp Lager Cheese Sauce & BaconChicken Curry$6 HAPPY HOUR SNACKS (M-F, 4-7PM)b éa l o g aSN A C K & S H A R E STUFFED CHEESE PUFFS6.95house-made jalapeño jack cheese filling HARP BATTERED FISH TACOS9.95with a spicy red chili aioli, fresh cabbage, green onion, tomato pico & cilantroFADÓ MINI FISH AND CHIPS CUP9.95Fadó Fish & Chips snack-sized, served with thick cut wedge chips, tartar sauce & lemonROASTED RED PEPPER HUMMUS9.95with feta cheese & mint oil, served with boxty wedgesTHE FADÓ JAMESON & GINGERJameson Irish Whiskey, Crabbie’s Alcoholic Ginger Beer, lime MOSCOW MULERussian Standard Vodka, Crabbie’s Alcoholic Ginger Beer, fresh lime juice in a copper mug KENTUCKY MULEBuffalo Trace, Crabbie’s Alcoholic Ginger Beer, Carpano Antica Vermouth STRAWBERRY MULEmuddled strawberry, Deep Eddy Lemon Vodka, Crabbie’s Alcoholic Ginger Beer, fresh lime juice MANHATTANTempleton Rye, Carpano Antica Vermouth, Angostura bitters IRISH OLD FASHIONEDJameson Black Barrel, Angostura bitters, simple syrup, orange peel and brandied cherry IRISH SAZERACabsinthe rinse, Jameson Black Barrel, simple syrup, Peychaud’s Bitters GRAPEFRUIT MOJITOBacardi Grapefruit Rum, fresh mint, simple syrup, fresh lime juice, sodaTHE FADÓ JAMESON & LEMONADEJameson Irish Whiskey, Crabbie’s Cloudy Alcoholic Lemonade ICED IRISH COFFEEChameleon Cold Brew Coffee, Tullamore D.E.W. Irish Whiskey,brown sugar syrup, cream, cinnamon$6 Happy Hour cocktailsMonday - Thursday: 11:30am - 2amFriday: 11.30am - 2am Saturday: Early - 2am Sunday: Early - 2amTWITTER @fadoAUSTIN INSTAGRAM @fadoirishpub FACEBOOK fadoAUSTINPRIVATE EVENTS **********************MAILING LIST/austin/newsletterTUESDAY NIGHT PUB QUIZ - 7.30PMfree team trivia event where useless knowledge rules,prizes for the top 2 teams,winning team competes for extra weekly cash prizeFRIDAY & SATURDAY NIGHT - LIVE MUSICoutside on the patio stage, no cover -see for scheduleSATURDAY AND SUNDAY BLOODY BRUNCH UNTIL 3PM LIVE EUROPEAN SPORTSsoccer, GAA, rugby & more,open early on weekendsget the full schedule here: BIRTHDAYS, ANNIVERSARIES, GRADUATIONS,WEDDINGS AND CORPORATE PARTIESbook your private party at the pub*****************************************。
gpt4知识测试案例
gpt4知识测试案例I believe that the utilization of knowledge tests, like GPT-4, is essential in assessing an individual's understanding and application of various concepts. (我相信知识测试的运用，比如GPT-4，在评估个人对各种概念的理解和应用中是至关重要的。
) Through such tests, individuals are able to quantify their level of proficiency in a specific subject matter, providing them with a sense of accomplishment and motivation to further enhance their knowledge. (通过这种测试，个人能够量化他们在特定主题上的熟练程度，为他们提供成就感和进一步增进知识的动力。
)Moreover, knowledge tests serve as a benchmark for educational institutions and employers to evaluate the competency of candidates in a standardized manner. (此外，知识测试是教育机构和雇主评估候选人能力的一个标准化方法。
) By setting a standard set of questions and criteria, these tests ensure a fair and objective assessment of an individual's knowledge and skills, regardless of their background or experience. (通过设置一组标准问题和标准，这些测试确保了对个人知识和技能的公正和客观评估，无论他们的背景或经验如何。
玩手机写作业英语
Playing with a mobile phone while doing homework in English can be both a distraction and a tool for learning.Here are some tips and considerations for using your phone effectively while completing your English assignments:e Language Apps:There are numerous language learning apps that can help you with vocabulary,grammar,and pronunciation.Apps like Duolingo,Babbel,or Rosetta Stone can be useful for quick reference or practice.2.Dictionary and Thesaurus:Keep a dictionary and thesaurus app handy for looking up words you dont understand or for finding synonyms to enrich your writing.3.TexttoSpeech:Use texttospeech features to hear how sentences should sound.This can be particularly helpful for understanding intonation and stress in English.4.Voice Dictation:If youre comfortable speaking English,you can use voice dictation to write your homework.This can save time and help you focus on the content rather than the mechanics of writing.5.Online Resources:Utilize online resources such as grammar guides,writing tips,and sample essays to improve your English writing skills.6.Avoid Distractions:Its easy to get sidetracked by social media,games,or other apps on your phone.Set boundaries for yourself to ensure that your phone aids your homework rather than hinders it.7.Time Management:Use a timer or a productivity app to manage how long you spend on your homework and how much time you take breaks.This can help you stay focused and efficient.8.Interactive Quizzes:Engage with interactive quizzes to test your knowledge and reinforce what youve learned.9.Record Your Progress:Use your phone to record your writing or speaking progress. Listening or reading back can help you identify areas for improvement.10.Stay Organized:Use notetaking apps to keep your ideas,vocabulary,and notes organized.This can make it easier to review and incorporate into your assignments.11.Connect with Others:Join online forums or social media groups where you can discuss English language topics,ask questions,and share resources with other learners.12.Practice Reading:Use your phone to read articles,books,or news in English to improve your reading comprehension and exposure to different writing styles.Remember,while your phone can be a powerful tool for learning,its important to use it responsibly and ensure it supports rather than detracts from your homework completion.。
2024年理工英语四机考题库
2024年理工英语四机考题库In the realm of engineering and technology, proficiency in English is not merely a tool for communication but also a bridge to accessing cutting-edge research and innovation. The 2024 Engineering English Level 4 examination is designed to assess the ability of students to comprehend and utilize technical English in a practical context. This test is a crucial benchmark for students aspiring to excel in the global engineering arena.Understanding technical documentation is a fundamental skill tested in this examination. Students must be adept at interpreting complex instructions, specifications, and descriptions found in technical manuals, research papers, and reports. For instance, a question might present a scenario where one is required to configure a network router based on a given set of technical guidelines. The student's task would be to extract the pertinent information and apply it correctly to achieve the desired outcome.Another key aspect of the examination is the translation of technical terms and concepts. It is not uncommon for engineers to encounter manuals or documentation in English that must be understood and possibly translated into their native language. Therefore, the test may include passages that require translation, ensuring that the student not only understands the material but can also convey the information accurately in another language.Moreover, the ability to write clear and concise technical reports is essential. The exam could ask students to describe the process of designing a simple circuit, requiring them to explain the function of each component and the rationale behind their design choices. This exercise tests the student's ability to communicate complex ideas in a structured and coherent manner.In addition to these skills, the examination evaluates the student's capacity to engage in technical discussions. This might involve explaining a concept to a peer or debating the merits of a particular engineering solution. Such questions test the student's command of English in a live, interactive setting, where clarity and precision are paramount.Lastly, the test may include listening comprehension sections, where students listen to lectures or presentations and answer questions based on the content. This component assesses the ability to follow and understand spoken English in an academic or professional context.To excel in the 2024 Engineering English Level 4 examination, students must cultivate a strong foundation in technical vocabulary, an understanding of complex grammatical structures, and the ability to articulate ideas with clarity and precision. By mastering these skills, students will not only be prepared for the examination but also equipped to thrive in the international engineering community. 。
韦氏第四版测试题本
韦氏第四版测试题本Test Book for Webster's Fourth EditionIntroduction:The Webster's Fourth Edition Test Book is a comprehensive assessment tool designed to evaluate individuals' language proficiency and knowledge. This test book includes a variety of exercises and questions that cover various aspects of the English language. Each section assesses specific skills and allows test-takers to demonstrate their understanding and application of English grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension. This article aims to provide an overview of the different sections and highlight the key features of the test book.Section 1: Grammar SkillsThe Grammar Skills section of the test book focuses on assessing test-takers' understanding and usage of English grammar. It includes a range of exercises that cover topics such as verb tenses, sentence structure, subject-verb agreement, and relative clauses. Test-takers are required to identify and correct grammatical errors, complete sentences with appropriate verb forms, and rewrite sentences using various grammatical structures. This section aims to evaluate the test takers' ability to effectively communicate in written and spoken English by emphasizing proper grammar usage.Section 2: Vocabulary BuildingThe Vocabulary Building section is designed to assess test-takers' knowledge and command of English vocabulary. It includes exercises thattest vocabulary comprehension, synonyms, antonyms, and analogy skills. Test-takers are challenged with tasks like choosing the correct word in context, identifying word relationships, and completing sentences with appropriate vocabulary words. This section aims to evaluate the test-takers' ability to grasp nuanced meanings, expand their vocabulary, and use words appropriately in different contexts.Section 3: Reading ComprehensionThe Reading Comprehension section evaluates test-takers' ability to understand and interpret written English texts. This section includes a series of passages followed by multiple-choice questions that assess comprehension, inference, and critical thinking skills. Test-takers are required to identify main ideas, make logical deductions, and draw conclusions based on the information provided in the passages. This section aims to assess the test-takers' reading skills, including their ability to understand complex texts and extract relevant information effectively.Section 4: Writing SkillsThe Writing Skills section assesses test-takers' ability to express themselves in written English. This section includes tasks such as writing essays, letters, or reports based on given prompts. Test-takers are expected to demonstrate their writing skills by organizing their thoughts, developing coherent arguments, and using appropriate grammar and vocabulary. This section aims to evaluate the test-takers' ability to communicate effectively in writing and showcase their creativity, critical thinking, and analytical skills.Section 5: Listening ComprehensionThe Listening Comprehension section evaluates test-takers' ability to understand spoken English. This section includes audio recordings of conversations, lectures, or monologues, followed by multiple-choice questions or short answer questions. Test-takers are required to listen carefully, extract key information, and demonstrate comprehension by answering questions accurately. This section aims to assess the test-takers' ability to understand different accents, infer meaning from context, and follow spoken instructions.Conclusion:The Webster's Fourth Edition Test Book provides a comprehensive assessment of individuals' language proficiency in English. With its diverse sections covering grammar skills, vocabulary building, reading comprehension, writing skills, and listening comprehension, this test book offers a holistic evaluation of test-takers' language abilities. By using this test book, individuals can gauge their strengths and weaknesses and enhance their English language skills. Whether used for educational purposes or professional development, the Webster's Fourth Edition Test Book is a valuable resource for learners and educators alike.。
安徽省郎溪中学2018-2019学年高一生物上学期第一次(10月)月考试题
1 .A.B.C. D . 2 .A. 郎溪中学2018-2019学年第一学期高一第一次月考生物试题卷分值：100分考试时间：70分钟、单选题（每题2分，共计60分）F列有关生命系统的叙述中正确的是病毒无细胞结构，属于生命系统中的最基本层次细菌的细胞层次就是个体层次松树由器官组成系统进一步形成个体生物圈是生命系统的最高层次，由地球上的植物、动物和微生物组成。
F列说法正确的是（）细胞是一切生物的结构单位和功能单位繁殖C. 一块骨骼肌属于系统层次3.F列叙述错误的是A. 一切生命活动都离不开细胞B. 一切生物都是由细胞构成C.D.4.A.B.C.D. B •单细胞生物只具有生命的基本特征，不能ifc..细胞是一切生命活动的基础%细胞中的蛋白质分子与核酸分子不属于生命系统的结构层次细胞是生物体结构和功能的基本单位，是最基本的生命系统AF列有关细菌和酵母菌结构和功能的叙述，错误的是都是单细胞生物，依靠单个细胞就能完成各项生命活动都以DNA作为遗传物质，且DNA都与蛋白质结合，组成染色体结构酵母菌有以核膜为界限的细胞核，但细菌没有酵母菌是异养型生物，但有些细菌是自养型生物5.、经研究发现由禽、鸟传给人类的禽流感病毒有三种类型：甲型H5N1甲型H9N2甲型H7N7。
下列关于病毒的描述中，不正确的是A. 禽流感病毒不具有细胞结构•病毒是生命系统的最微小层次C. 禽流感病毒不能直接在培养基上生存•有些病毒具有多糖物质6.F列关于蓝藻的描述错误的是（A. 能进行光合作用，是自养生物.没有成形细胞核，是原核生物颤藻、发菜、念珠藻、小球藻都属于蓝7.下列描述的事实中，不能支持"细胞是生物体功能单位”观点的是 下一代&动物与植物在化学组成上十分相近。
目前已知的100多种化学元素中，动植物体内已发现60多种，在这些元素中， C H O N 含量最多，占总量的 95%以上，其中C 的含量占细 胞干重的55.99%。
USP Apparatus 4 流通细胞溶解试验仪说明书
Your Quality, Our Assurance Flow-Through Cell Dissolution Tester Ophthalmic SuspensionsMedical DevicesNanoparticlesIVIVC StudiesInjectablesGranules2Flow-Through Cell Dissolution Tester (USP Apparatus 4)Flow-Through cell dissolution tester is widely recommended for poorly soluble, modified release and extended release dosage forms. With the evolution of new drug delivery platforms, USP apparatus 4 is best recommended for studying the dissolution profile of solid, liquid, oral, non-oral dosage forms and other medical devices such as stents, implants etc. As this apparatus offers highly flexible configurations, ability to work in variety of solubility conditions, different types of cells and positioning of the dosage form, hydrodynamics, sink conditions and flow rates, USP apparatus 4 will continue to evolve to meet the changing needs of today’s dissolution and drug release testing.The USP apparatus 4 comprises of a media reservoir to hold the dissolution media, a pump that forces the media upwards through a vertically positioned flow-through cell that holds the dosage form and a water bath to maintain the cell temperature.The test sample is placed in a vertically positioned flow-through cell through which the media is pumped at a desired flow rate and temperature. The eluate is filtered at top of the cell and is then collected either manually or by a sample collector. The samples are further analyzed using suitable analytical techniques to calculate the percent drug release.The pump unit is responsible for ensuring the most critical parameter of USP apparatus 4 i.e 1. 2. The flow rate must be constant throughout the test, even in cases of back pressure created by the filters. . The USP recommends the optimum 0media temperature should be 37C.Flow rate of the media Temperature ± 0.5 as per USPThe USP regulation recommends that the flow profile should be sinusoidal with pulsation of 120 ± 10 pulses/min ŸUSP apparatus 4 is the ideal choice for poorly soluble drugsŸUSP apparatus 4 is the best method of choice for large media volume dissolution, in order to achieve infinite sink condition ŸFor IVIVC studies, automated media changeovers can be easily achieved for solid as well liquid dosage forms ŸFlow rates can be easily changed to allow ‘accelerated’ test studies ŸMany challenges such as tablet floating, sticking etc. are eliminatedMethodologySystem Specifications as per USP RecommendationSystem ComponentsWhy choose USP Apparatus 4?Heat ExchangerCoilPiston PumpSampleCollectorMedia SelectorMediaReserviorsWaste1234Flow Through Cell Open LoopoCDifferentialtdmC(t) =edtQ((Although USP apparatus 1, 2 and 3 can be used for studying the dissolution profile of poorly soluble drugs, but they fail to offer the optimal sink conditions required. Whereas, USP apparatus 4h as a lways b een l inked t o "optimal s ink c onditions" a s i t o ffers t he f lexibility i n t erms of media volume required. In an "open loop" configuration, there is a continuous flow of fresh media across the dosage form and hence, the total media volume used can be infinite. This means, that the influence of poor sink conditions on the test can be avoided by using larger volumes of media without the need for solubilizing agents. Samples can be collected as a fraction over a timed interval and analyzed using suitable analytical technique. The total amount of media passing through the dosage form is determined by the flow rate. In an open loop configuration, results are calculated as a differential curve or rate of drug release over the time.In an open loop configuration, EFD-07 can be integrated with a sample collector with splitter that enables sample collection for 14 sampling intervals (21 optional) with 75 mL of sample collection volume. Sample collector with splitter, automatically splits the sample volume into collection and waste depending upon the sample volume required.Media Selector Automated media changeover :Unlike the USP apparatus 1 and 2 involving media changeovers, where physical removal of the dosage and change to a new media is cumbersome and tedious, USP apparatus 4-open loop configuration facilitates easy media changeover at predefined time intervals. The flow-through method is the only method that allows for a media changeovers of suspensions and powders. This feature is useful while performing IVIVC studies, where the dosage form naturally passes through different pH of the digestive tract within sink conditions. It is also useful for enteric coated products, modified and extended release drug products. Using EFD-07 media selector, 4 different media can be automatically drawn from different sources at predetermined intervals.Sample Collector with SplitterTMD’light technologyfor audio and visual indication of instrumentstatus from anywhere in the laboratoryMovement of arm to :Sample positionWaste tray / home positionPower onNeedle diving up / downCommunication with dissolution testerError due to :Absence of waste trayAbsence of sample collector traySample collector hood ajarCompletely covered to prevent contamination and air drafts which causeexcess evaporation of the collected samplesOpen Loop Configuration34oC Cumulativedm C (t) =e V htThe closed loop configuration of USP apparatus 4 is similar to USP apparatus 1 and 2 where a fixed volume of media is recirculated through the dosage form. Samples can be withdrawn from the media reservoir at predetermined time intervals either manually or by a syringe system. The samples can be analyzed using suitable analytical technique. In case of closed loop, result of percent drug release dissolved is expressed as a cumulative curve. Closed loop configuration is ideal for dosage forms where solubility and sink conditions are optimal in a limited media volume range from 40 mL to 4 L. For low dose formulations such as drug eluting stents, implants, coated medical devices, injectable and microspheres; closed loop configuration has been utilized to fulfill lower media volume testing. The problems such as tablet sticking, floating, coning or dead zones seen in USP 1 and 2 as well as sampling issues and sample introduction effects are eliminated using the USP apparatus 4.Off-line sample collection for the closed loop configuration is available with EFD-07 connected to a sample collector . Syringes pull the desired volume from the media reservoir and dispense them either into glass tubes (20 mL or 10 mL) or capped HPLC vials. The system can be programmed to collect the sample volumes at predefined time points. The syringe system also offers the facility for auto-replacement and dilution with fresh media. The sample collector enables sample collection for 24 sampling intervals. Automatic sample collector adapts to 5 different types of trays.Sample Collector and Syringe PumpClosed LoopEFD-07 can also be integrated with a media manager to maintain the desired media temperature and provide continuous stirring of media in the media reservoir throughout the test.Closed Loop ConfigurationHeat Exchanger CoilPiston PumpMedia ReservoirAutomated SamplingManual SamplingFlow Through CellSyringe PumpCombination tray (with dilution option)HPLC vialsGlass tubesHPLC and Glass tubes (2 Types)ŸHPLC vials 1.5 mL (8 x 7) + Glass tubes 20 mL (8 x 7)*Customized trays availableSample Collector Tray (ESC-08Dx)* Ÿ1.5 mL (24 x 7)Ÿ20 mL (16 x 7)5ComplianceTouch ScreenX7°CIndividual Cell Temp. MonitorProgrammable Protocols999Print Report LAN Audio OutputT e s t Rep o r tAutomated Offline SamplingQuality by DesignQbD ApplicationsUSP apparatus 4 facilitates dissolution testing of:ŸTablets ŸCapsulesŸPowder / granules / API's / bead formulation ŸInjectable suspensionsŸSuppositories / soft gelatin capsules ŸMicrospheres / liposomes / nanoparticles ŸInhaler drugsŸDrug eluting stents / implants ŸOintments / creams / gels ŸOphthalmic lensesŸCompliance with USP , Ph. Eur. JP and BP Ÿ7 cell dissolution tester ŸValveless ceramic pump headsŸAutomatic flow rate adjustment for individual cellsŸIndividual cell temperature monitoringŸMedia selector for easy media change (optional) for open loopŸProgram support for gravimetric flow validation and calibration of individual pumpsŸIsolated water circulating pump for precise temperature control of the water bath and to reduce vibrationsŸUser friendly intuitive 7” touch screen interfaceŸFlow rates can be adjusted from 2 mL/min to 32 mL/minŸ999 programmable protocolsŸSaves upto 100 calibration and validationreportsŸfor system and sample collector status. For eg. Connected Run ErrorTest protocol can also be printed using in-bult thermal printer for better longetivity of data (optional)TMD’lighttechnology Ÿn n n E F D -07Features of EFD-07USP, Ph.Eur.,JP6As USP apparatus 4 has wide range of applications, several flow-through cells have been developed and optimized according to the different dosage form like tablets, suspensions, stents, suppository etc. EFD-07 is capable of employing the method to accommodate most dosage forms.1.12 mm cell : This cell is described as a small cell for tablets and capsules in theUSP , Ph. Eur. and JP . As per the specifications, a detachable tablet holder is also available. This cell can also be used for suspensions, injectables, small medical devices and stents.2.22.6 mm cell : This is the most widely used cell of all flow-through cells. It isdescribed as a large cell for tablets and capsules in the USP , Ph. Eur. and JP . As per the specifications, a detachable tablet holder is also available. It can also be used for larger doses of suspensions and microspheres. There are a variety of holders developed for holding different dosage forms in this cell.3.Cell for powders and granules : This cell is described in the Ph. Eur. and isbased on the 12 mm cell. It is used to determine the dissolution rate of pure solid substances (API characterization), active substances in preparations used as powders, granules and bead formulations.4.Dialysis adapter in 22.6 mm cell : This cell is based on the 22.6 mm cell and isused to study the dissolution profile of nanoparticles, microspheres, micro-suspensions and injectables etc. A dialysis adapter along with dialysis membrane inside the cell allows testing on these dosage forms. Adapter to accommodate 1 mL Float-A-Lyzer is also available.5.Cell for suppositories and soft gelatin capsules : This cell is described in thePh. Eur. and has a special two chambered design which blocks the lipidic excipients from the suppository/soft gelatin capsules and allows only the dissolution media to pass up to the filter.6.Aerosol/Inhaler cell : This cell is manufactured in stainless steel and isspecially designed to study the elution rate of inhaler drugs.1 : 12 mm cell2 : 22.6 mm cell3 : Cell for powders and granules4 : Dialysis adapter in 22.6 mm cell5 : Cell for suppositories and soft gelatin capsules6 : Aerosol/Inhaler cell7.Cell for drug eluting stents: This cell is manufactured in PTF and is used for medical devices like drug elutingstents. The inner diameter can be customized to fit the medical device accordingly. 8. Cell for large medical devices : This cell has a maximum length of 80 mm and is designed to hold longer medical devices.9.Cell for implants: This cell has a small chamber to house the dosage and is used for smaller implants.Flow-Through cells for different dosage forms710. Customized flow-through cells :Using the above cells as the main models, specific holders have also been designed to hold other dosage forms. Customization can be based on the dosage form, media, inner diameters, cell length and holding devices etc. • Holder for creams and gels : An inserted cup facilitates testing on ointments, gels and creams using apermeation membrane. This modification is based on 22.6 mm cell.• Holder for ophthalmic lens : This modification is based on 22.6 mm cell and has an inverted holder thatallows testing on ophthalmic lenses coated with drugs.For intended use of hydroalcoholic media, specially designed PEEK cells are also available•Types of flow :s :There are 2 types of hydrodynamic flow within a flow-through cell viz. a laminar flow and turbulent flow. Laminar flow is achieved by filling the flow-through cell with a 5 mm ruby bead bottom of the cell followed by a layer of 1 mm glass beads as described in the USP . The laminar flow is more controlled as it crosses the dosage form in unidirectional flow. The turbulent type of flow is obtained by placing only the ruby bead in the flow-through cell. The turbulent flow is more beneficial for dosage forms that require a higher agitation rate to release its actives.Experimental ConditionsTurbulent FlowŸSample filtration :Filtration occurs at the top of the flow-through cell with a filter insert of standard filter size of 25 mm. Different types of filters with variety of pore sizes can be used depending on the dosage form. In some cases, multiple filters can be used from larger to smaller pore size. The use of glass wool in the filter section is recommended for dosage forms with highly insoluble or oily particulates .ŸDosage positioning :Solid dosage form: Tablet can be simply placed in the cell on the layer of glass beads or positioned uniformly on atablet clip holder or directly on the ruby bead (turbulent flow). This factor can eliminate problems such as tablet sticking, swelling and floating as seen in other conventional dissolution methods.Suspension :Liquid samples can be placed directly on layer of glass beads or sandwiched uniformly between single or multiple layers of glass beads. This ensures repeatability, reproducibility and reliability of results.Powder :Using the powder granule cell, the powder is simply filled into the cell without any compression or compaction. The filter insert is placed on either side of the cell.Laminar Flowaccepts no liability for any errors and reserves the right to alter specifications without noticeDecember, 2015ELECTROLABSales &Service WorldwideEFD-07M.S. : 1410100110 Volts 230 Volts M.S. : 1420100ModelProduct code Utilize ELECTROLAB ’s dedicated Dissolution Application Lab for confidential MethodDevelopment and Transposition to optimize parameters for NDDS。
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Test your 4-H knowledge
Read question then click the clover for the answer. When you are done, click the clover again for the next page.
• What is the 4-H motto? • To make the best better
• Iowa
• Dolly Parton, Reba McEntire, and Herschel Walker all have this in common.
• They are 4-H alumni
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Share your new knowledge with others and tell them about our website.
• The clover was picked because they restore the nitrogen into the soil and make for a good corn crop year after year.
• The national register of Historic Monuments recognizes the Goldenrod School as the birthplace of 4-H. What state is the Goldenrod School in?
• What is the project area involving the most youth in the U.S.?
• Animal Science
• National 4-H week is held during this month.
• October
• The 4-H Slogan is…
• 4-H originally had only three H’s. In 1911 the 4th H was added. Which one was it? • Health
• Why was the clover picked to represent the 4-H program?
• Learn by Doing
• The 4-H program in Massachusetts is open to all boys and girls in this age range.
• 5-18 years of age as of January 1st of the current 4-H program year