竹横锥大象对寄主及虫体挥发物的行为和触角电位反应

昆虫学报Acta Ento m ologica S inica,March2010,53(3):286-292I SS N045426296竹横锥大象对寄主及虫体挥发物的行为和触角电位反应杨　桦1,2,杨茂发1,杨　伟2,3,杨春平2,朱天辉2,黄　琼2,赵晓英2 (11贵州大学昆虫研究所,贵阳550025;21四川农业大学森林保护重点实验室,四川雅安625014)摘要:为了探明竹横锥大象Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin2Meneville是否存在两性间的引诱作用,以及寄主植物慈竹N eosinocalam us affinis笋对两性行为的影响,采用Y型嗅觉仪测定了竹横锥大象雌、雄成虫对4种虫体及寄主挥发物不同处理(雌、雄成虫,慈竹笋与雌、雄成虫的复合体)的行为反应,测定了触角不同部位对雌雄成虫3种虫体的提取物(整体、鞘翅、后肠)及其与寄主植物挥发物质联合作用的触角电位反应(E AG)。

结果表明:雌成虫挥发物对雄虫有较高的引诱活性,对雌虫有驱避作用;雄成虫挥发物对雌虫有一定的引诱作用。

雌、雄成虫对虫体与竹笋复合体气味的行为和电生理反应均显著或极显著高于对相应虫体挥发物的反应。

经E AG测定,触角各部位对虫体不同部位挥发物的E AG值差异明显,触角端部对虫体与植物挥发性物质的联合作用E AG反应差异极其显著(P<0101)。

竹横锥大象对沾染雌雄成虫虫体提取物的玻璃棒有一定的兴奋表现,雌虫兴奋率为6167%,雄虫为26167%。

结果提示,竹横锥大象种内存在信息素,雌虫释放的信息素对同类雄虫有很强的引诱作用,而雄虫所释放的信息素对同类雌虫有引诱作用,添加寄主植物能够增强两性间的引诱效果。

关键词:竹横锥大象;慈竹;植物挥发物;虫体挥发物;触角电位反应;行为反应;Y型嗅觉仪中图分类号:Q968 文献标识码:A 文章编号:045426296(2010)0320286207Behav i ora l and EAG respon ses of C yrtotrachelus buqueti Guer i n2M enev ille (Coleoptera:Curculi on i dae)adults to host vol atiles and the i r body extracts Y ANG Hua1,2,Y ANG Mao2Fa1,Y ANG W ei2,3,Y ANG Chun2Ping2,Z HU Tian2Hui2,HUANG Q i ong2, ZHAO Xiao2Ying2(11I nstitute of Ent omol ogy,Guizhou University,Guiyang550025,China;21Pr ovincial Laborat ory of Forest Conservati on,Sichuan Agricultural University,Ya’an,Sichuan625014,China)Abstract:T o find whether there is attracti on bet w een the male and fe male of Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin2 Meneville and the influence of the host p lant on the behavi or of the male and fe male,Y2tube olfact ometer was used t o deter m ine the behavi oral reacti on of adult fe male and male t o the volatiles of their bodies and the host p lant after different treat m ents,and the EAG res ponses of different porti ons of antenna of C1 buqueti t o different combinati ons of their bodies extracts(fe male and male)and the volatiles of the host p lant1The results showed that the volatiles of the female adult had higher luring activity t o the male adult but had repelling acti on t o the fe male adult,and that of the male adult had certain luring activity t o the fe male adult1The behavi oral and electr ophysi ol ogical res ponses of fe male and male adults t o the combined odour fr om their bodies and ba mboo shoots were obvi ously str onger than those t o the corres ponding volatiles of their bodies only1The EAG res ponse tests showed that the EAG values of different antennal parts t o the volatiles fr om different body parts of C1buqueti adults were obvi ously different,and the E AG res ponses of the ter m inal porti on of the antenna t o the different co mbinati ons of beetle body extracts and the volatiles of the host p lant were significantly different(P<0101)1Adults showed the excite ment t o the extracts of the adult male or fe male bodies when t ouched by a glass r od di pped with the extracts,and the excite ment rate of fe male was6167%,while that of the male was26167%1The results suggest that the pher omones exist in C1buqueti1The pher omones fr o m the fe male has great allure t o the male of the sa me s pecies and that fr om the male als o has allure t o the fe male of the sa me s pecies,while the host p lant could strengthen the allure bet w een the fe male and the male1基金项目:“211工程”双支计划资助项目;长江上游生态林业工程建设资助项目作者简介:杨桦,男,1982年9月出生,四川峨眉人,博士,从事动物生态研究,E2mail:yanghua151017@1631com3通讯作者Corres ponding author,E2mail:y wei0218@yahoo1com1cn收稿日期Received:2009209214;接受日期Accep ted:20102012143期杨　桦等:竹横锥大象对寄主及虫体挥发物的行为和触角电位反应287　Key words:Cyrtotrachelus buqueti;N eosinoca lam us affin is;p lant volatiles;body volatiles;EAG res ponse;behavi orial res ponse;Y2tube olfact o meter 在昆虫与植物的协同进化研究中,人们发现将多种微量组分混合而成的植物挥发性次生物质释放于植物外周环境,能影响昆虫的行为(Finch, 1986),对昆虫有引诱或驱避作用(钦俊德,1987)。

并且植食性昆虫的性行为必须在适宜的栖息场所如寄主植物上完成,因此,植物信息化合物与昆虫的性行为可能发生密切的联系。

研究表明,昆虫寄主植物气味能增强昆虫对性信息索的反应。

小菜蛾性信息素的引诱作用因加入异硫氰酸酯而得到提高(杜永均等,1994)。

黄地老虎A grotis segetum雄虫对性信息素的反应在有寄主植物气味存在时反应增强( Hanss on et al1,1989)。

粉纹夜蛾Trichoplusia ni雌蛾的气味在放入风洞之前用植物气味混合,可以引诱到较多的雄虫(Landolt et al1,1994)。

植物挥发性物质对棉铃虫Helicoverpa ar m igera Hübner性信息素也有一定影响(鲁玉杰等,2003)。

竹横锥大象Cyrtotrachelus buqueti Guerin2 Meneville属鞘翅目(Coleop tera)象甲科(Curculi onidae)弯颈象属Cyrtotrachelus。

在四川主要为害慈竹N eosinocalam us affinis和撑绿杂交竹B am busa pervariabilis×D endrocala m opsis grandis,据统计,全省每年发生面积近67000h m2,一般为害率50%～80%,严重的可达100%,是重要的林业害虫,其严重性成为制约造纸用竹林发展的重要因素(王维德等,2005)。

化学防治是目前竹横锥大象防治的有效途径,但化学药剂的使用会带来农药残留、杀伤有益生物、破坏生态平衡等一系列问题。

生物防治主要是利用白僵菌,但白僵菌林间防治效果存在着很大差异(玉鹏等,2008)。

目前尚无竹横锥大象对寄主挥发物与虫体挥发物的行为及E AG反应方面的研究。