商务英语翻译教程答案

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商务英语考证认证(一级)辅导翻译练习答案

商务英语考证认证(一级)辅导翻译练习答案

商务英语考证认证(一级)辅导翻译练习答案第一篇:商务英语考证认证(一级)辅导翻译练习答案1.我方客户急需此货,务请贵方在合同规定的期限内交货。

否则,我方只好向你方索赔并保留取消合同的权利。

2.保险单准备好后希立刻交给我们。

请确认承保上述货物。

3.这批货是专为贵公司定牌生产的,目前已备妥待运。

如撤消合同,给双方都会造成损失。

经我公司认真研究,提出以下建议供你方参考:由我方将货物空运你处,赶上销售旺季,运费差额,由双方各负担一半。

4.我们会尽力推销,但是提高15%的销售额对我们来说是否太高了点。

因为经济不景气,对于消费品的需求目前已经呈现下降趋势。

5.自从我们在孟加拉国开始销售你们的产品已经近十年了。

我们尽了很大努力在达卡乃至全国介绍宣传你们的产品。

6.投标自开标之日起有效期为120天。

如已中标,投标将继续有效,直至合同生效。

7.我们总是乐于与贵公司做买卖,并将继续以高质量的工业设备为您提供服务。

8.感谢您的订货和要求。

为有机会尽我们所能为您服务不胜感激。

9.我们非常感谢您对我公司可供出口的各种地毯的关注。

我们将一如既往尽最大的努力把事情办好。

10.如果您正在为如何使业务发生翻天覆地的变化而大伤脑筋时,千万不要错过4月18日星期六的网络会议啊。

11.当您在家或公司拥有一台电脑时,您多少次曾经自言自语道:“总有专家陪着我该有多好啊!”,或者“我真希望无论何时都有人指导我操作电脑!”。

12.请马上填单订货,此报盘有效期至2005年7月20日下午6时。

不要错过这一大好时机,您将品尝到最美味的罐头食品。

13.如果我们的产品符合您的需求,请随时来电来函,我们将不遗余力地为您服务。

14.为了庆祝财政年度的结束,我们将位于伦敦的办公室举行小型宴会,如果您有时间,欢迎前来参加。

15.在成功地为很多可户服务之后,我们原来的办公室地点已不再满足客户的需求了。

我们高兴的通知您我们将迁往新的办公地点,我们相信在新的办公地点,我们能为您提供更好的服务。

商务英语翻译答案版

商务英语翻译答案版

商务英语翻译答案版一.广告翻译1.Wearing is believing.百看不如一穿。

2.Different countries. Different languages. Different customs. One level of comfort worldwide.国度不同。

语言不同。

风俗不同。

舒适却全球相同。

3.We've hidden a garden full of vegetables where you'd never expect. In a pie.在您永远意想不到的地方,我们珍藏着满园的蔬菜-----于一个馅饼之中.4.The choice is yours. The honour is ours.选择由你们作出。

荣耀归我们所有。

5.Get the card that gets you the car.拿到信用卡,汽车开回家。

6.Choose a pot like you choose a husband.选择一款锅,有如选丈夫。

7.Everything is extraordinary. Everything tempts.件件超凡脱俗,样样新颖诱人。

8.What can be imagined,can be realized.只要有梦想,万事可成真。

9.We care to provide service above and beyond the call of duty.殷勤有加,风雨无阻。

10.We take no pride and prejudice.傲慢与偏见,均与我们无缘。

11.I'm more satisfied.摩尔香烟,满意无限12.Innovation is Gillette.创新就是吉列。

13.We know eggsactly how to sell eggs.我们肆无忌惮地知道如何卖鸡蛋。

14.Make yourself at home.让您温馨,让您自在。

全国商务英语翻译考试讲义及真题参考答案

全国商务英语翻译考试讲义及真题参考答案

全国商务英语翻译考试笔译资料全国商务英语翻译考试练习题(一)Part I. Translate the following sentences into English1. 产品通过广告(例如:电视广告、收音机广告、报纸广告以及广告牌),包装(例如:设计、标签、材料),产品宣传,公关以及个人推销等途径介绍给顾客。

2. 经济界人士普遍认为:两家大公司不约而同在中国举行如此高级别和大规模的业务会议,说明了中国市场对他们的重要性。

3. 如果选择直接投资,必须解决两个问题:第一、选择合适的合作方;第二、要对合作方及其市场情况作财务、技术和法律分析,以确定投资可取性。

4. 故宫也称紫禁城,位于北京市中心,500年中曾居住过24个皇帝,是明清两代的皇宫。

它是中国最大、最完整的宫殿群,是中国文化遗产之宝库。

Part II. Translate the following sentences into Chinese1. I would appreciate it if you could quote us your best CIF price, giving a full specification of your product and shipping date. Of course our technical department would need to have some samples to test before we could place a firm order.2. The landscape of Guilin tops those elsewhere, the landscape of Yangshuo tops that of Guilin. The latter gives a perfect combination of natural scenery and cultural heritage.3. To adapt to the changes in world trade and in compliance with the requirements of both visitors and exhibitors, the Chinese Export Commodities Fair is introducing a major reform in its operation.4. You would get a full refund if there should be a delay in the shipment. However, should you fail to honor your payment in due time, we would terminate the contract and lodge a claim against you.全国商务英语翻译考试练习题(二)Part I. Translate the following sentences into English1. 德国人在商务往来时以十分拘泥于礼节而著称,对德国人来说,头衔很重要,忘记称呼某人的头衔会造成极大的冒犯。

世纪商务英语口译教程答案第二版

世纪商务英语口译教程答案第二版

世纪商务英语口译教程答案第二版1、34.My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A.forB.beforeC.in(正确答案)D.at2、I'm sorry I cannot see you immediately. But if you wait, I'll see you_____. [单选题] *A. for a momentB. in a moment(正确答案)C. for the momentD. at the moment3、2.I think Game of Thrones is ________ TV series of the year. [单选题] * A.excitingB.more excitingC.most excitingD.the most exciting (正确答案)4、We often go to the zoo _______ Saturday mornings. [单选题] *A. atB. inC. on(正确答案)D. of5、The Internet is an important means of()[单选题] *A. conversationB. communication(正确答案)C. speechD. language6、73.()about the man wearing sunglasses during night that he was determined to follow him.[单选题] *A. So curious the detective wasB.So curious was the detective(正确答案)C.How curious was the detectiveD.How curious the detective was7、You might not like the way Sam behaves, but please be kind to him. _____, he is your grandfather. [单选题] *A. After all(正确答案)B. Above allC. In allD. At all8、He runs so fast that no one can _______ him. [单选题] *A. keep upB. keep awayC. keep up with(正确答案)D. keep on9、52.I'm happy to ________ a birthday card from an old friend. [单选题] * A.buyB.makeC.loseD.receive(正确答案)10、—Would you like some milk?—Yes, just _____, please. [单选题] *A. a little(正确答案)B. littleC. a fewD. few11、Either you or the president()the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting. [单选题] *A. is handing outB. are to hand outC. are handing outD. is to hand out(正确答案)12、Can you tell me how the accident _______? [单选题] *A. came about(正确答案)B. came backC. came downD. came from13、—How do you find()birthday party of the Blairs? —I should say it was __________ complete failure.[单选题] *A.a; aB. the ; a(正确答案)C.a; /D.the; /14、There are sixty _______ in an hour. [单选题] *A. hoursB. daysC. minutes(正确答案)D. seconds15、Whatever difficulties you have, you should not _______ your hope. [单选题] *A. give inB. give outC. give up(正确答案)D. give back16、Chinese is one of ____ most widely used languages in ____ world. [单选题] *A. a, theB. /, theC. the, the(正确答案)D. a, /17、9.—Will there be more cars in the future?—________. [单选题] *A.See youB.Well, I'm not sure(正确答案)C.You're welcomeD.Thank you18、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make19、Don't tell me the answer, I'll work out the problem _____. [单选题] *A .by meB. myself(正确答案)C. meD. mine20、The organization came into being in 1 [单选题] *A. 开始策划B. 进行改组C. 解散D. 成立于(正确答案)21、You needn’t _______ me. I’m old enough to take care of myself. [单选题] *A. worry about(正确答案)B. write downC. put awayD. wake up22、My sister _______ listen to music when she was doing her homework.[单选题] *A. used to(正确答案)B. use toC. is used toD. uses to23、Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A. fillB. fill in(正确答案)C. fill toD. fill with24、_______ a busy afternoon! [单选题] *A. HowB. What(正确答案)C. WhichD. Wish25、If you don’t feel well, you’d better ask a ______ for help. [单选题] *A. policemanB. driverC. pilotD. doctor(正确答案)26、She is a girl, _______ name is Lily. [单选题] *A. whose(正确答案)B. whoC. whichD. that27、These oranges look nice, but _______ very sour. [单选题] *A. feelB. taste(正确答案)C. soundD. look28、My father always gets up early. He’s never late _______ work. [单选题] *A. toB. for(正确答案)C. onD. at29、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys30、Now he is _______ his homework. [单选题] *A. busyB. busy with(正确答案)C. busy with doingD. busy does。

高职高专行业英语系列教材 《商务英语》课文翻译及课后练习答案

高职高专行业英语系列教材 《商务英语》课文翻译及课后练习答案

商务英语Unit 1课文B入世后中国面临的挑战经济全球化不可逆转。

历史经验告诉中国不要因为害怕挑战而闭关自锁。

任何国家都不能逃避由国际竞争与合作所带来的变化。

中国加入世贸组织带来了根本性变化,代表着中国对外改革开放迈上了一个新台阶。

在世贸组织的框架内,中国所要面对的基本要求和义务就是遵守世贸组织的一系列国际条款。

也就是说,中国的经济活动和国际贸易必须遵守体现先进的现代市场经济的国际规则。

这种先进文化能消除贫困、愚昧并带来财富。

然而,现代市场经济与计划经济中形成的中国传统观点和思维模式并不兼容。

中国面临的挑战难以避免地主要表现在思维、管理和经济运行机制等许多方面。

计划经济下形成的传统思想会发生巨大的变化。

例如,看到有人变得富有,人们会认为是因为腐败,受贿和裙带的关系;有时,人们也会轻视私有或者集体经济;所有这一切主要是因为中国经济传统上轻视商业的原因。

我们所面临的挑战就是要改变人们不合时宜的想法,为私有和集体经济创造良好的法律、政策、财政、人性化和公众性的社会环境。

只有如此,中国企业才能增强竞争力,以免入世后被外国企业所击败。

中国经济面临来自管理活动中政府干预太多的挑战。

中国政府所要做的就是要改善管理经济的能力以应对市场经济体制的需求。

人们逐渐认识到计划经济模式下通过政府垄断不能保持好现代经济系统的正常运作。

解决这些问题的唯一途径就是下放权力,给与企业更多的独立自主权,允许它们面向市场。

将政府直接管理经济转变为间接的宏观经济调控例如政企职责分开,减少政府干预企业的经济活动,取消指令性计划代之以税收,信用和汇率等经济手段。

从市场经济的角度来看,计划经济的传统结构应进一步打破,政府与市场的关系也应合理重构,破除行政垄断以促进经济发展和社会进步,改善道德规范和国家竞争意识,增强企业的国际竞争力。

为应对入世挑战,中国一直寻求并采用有效的措施以调整国内经济,如:1、保持适当的经济增长速度;2、调整好经济结构与发展新型产业;3、加强环境建设和环境保护;4、推动农业产业化提高农民收入;5、建立社会保障体系;6、解决好失业问题;7、推进城市化进程;8、深化体制改革转变政府职能;0、建立现代企业制度;10、创造良好政治环境发展私有企业和中小型企业。

商务英语Chapter 2参考译文及答案

商务英语Chapter 2参考译文及答案

商务英语Chapter 2参考译文及答案In this chapter, we will provide a reference translation and answers for the exercises in Chapter 2 of your business English textbook. The translation and answers are presented in a clear and organized manner, ensuring a smooth reading experience. Please note that the following text does not contain any links or headings, as per your request.Translation:Text 1:Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. My name is John Smith, and I am the sales manager of XYZ Corporation. I would like to take this opportunity to introduce our new product line to all of you. Our company has been working tirelessly to develop innovative products that meet the needs of our customers, and I am proud to say that this new line is a result of those efforts. We believe that these products will greatly benefit your businesses, and we are excited to showcase them today. Thank you for your attention.Answer to exercise 1:John Smith introduces the new product line of XYZ Corporation and expresses his belief that the products will be beneficial for all attendees.Answer to exercise 2:The purpose of this talk is to provide information about the new product line of XYZ Corporation and generate interest among the audience.Text 2:Dear Mr. Johnson, I am writing to confirm the details of our upcoming meeting on Friday, September 15 at 2:00 PM. The meeting will be held in Conference Room A on the 9th floor of our office building. The agenda for the meeting includes a discussion on the new marketing strategy for our product launch and an update on the current sales figures. I kindly request that you come prepared with any relevant materials or data for these discussions. Please let me know if you have any questions or concerns. Thank you, and I look forward to meeting with you.Answer to exercise 1:The email confirms the date, time, and location of the upcoming meeting, as well as the agenda topics.Answer to exercise 2:The purpose of this email is to provide the necessary information about the meeting and request the recipient to come prepared with relevant materials.Text 3:To whom it may concern, I am writing to inquire about the availabilityof your products for wholesale purchase. I represent a retail company that specializes in home appliances, and we are interested in carrying your brand. Could you please provide me with information on the minimum order quantity, pricing, and any applicable discounts? Additionally, I would like to know if there are any exclusive distributorship opportunities in our area. Thank you for your attention to this matter, and I look forward to your prompt response. Best regards, Emily JohnsonAnswer to exercise 1:The email inquires about the availability of the products for wholesale purchase and asks for information on pricing, order quantity, and distributorship opportunities.Answer to exercise 2:The purpose of this email is to gather information about the availability of products for wholesale purchase and explore potential business opportunities with the company.。

商务英语课后翻译答案-阮绩智主编

商务英语课后翻译答案-阮绩智主编

(一)1.从你的简历和应聘申请书来看, 你对营销工作已有相当多的经验。

.se.fro.you.résum.an.applicatio.tha.you’v.ha.quit..lo.o.experienc.i.marketin.already.2.如果你处在我的位置,你希望你的雇员应具备哪些素质.If you were in my shoes, what sort of qualities you’d look for in your employees?3.部门经理应该能够主动处理很多事情。

A department manager has to be able to do a lot of things on your own initiative.4.作为秘书, 我做过大量的文字工作, 如拟写报告、作会议记录等, 而且似乎我的记忆力比一般人强。

A..secretary.I’v.ha.t.d.quit..lo.o.pape.work.suc.a.handlin.repor.writing.keepin.minute.a.meeti ngs.an..see.t.hav..bette.memor.tha. average.5.从秘书角度看, 我认为和上司共用一个办公室更好, 这样她的上司不太有可能忘记告诉她一些重要的事情.Fro.th.secretary’.poin.o.vie..thin.it’.bette.t.shar.a.offic.roo.wit.he.bos.s.tha.t here’.no.muc.chanc.o.he.superio.forgettin.t.le.he.kno.abou.importan.matters.6.我工作过的那家公司是一家做营销和公共关系的公司, 主要是为在中国投资的外国公司提供咨询。

pan.an.the.d.consulta panie.investin.i.China.7.我想在贵公司会有更多个人发展的机会,而且这里的工作对我来说更具挑战性.I feel that I would have more scope for personal development in your company and that the work will be more challenging for me.8.我主要的工作是协助经理安排访问、会议及介绍,并且替他处理信件。

商务英语口译教程答案unit(Business English interpretation tutorial answers unit)

商务英语口译教程答案unit(Business English interpretation tutorial answers unit)

商务英语口译教程答案unit1(Business English interpretationtutorial answers unit1)Unit1短语口译一1。

从时差综合症中恢复过来2。

周到的安排三.酒店4。

纪念品5。

住宿6。

提取行李7。

办理海关手续8。

行程9。

告别演说10。

适应时差1。

倒时差2。

周到的安排3。

热情好客4。

纪念品食宿5。

6。

提取行李7。

进行海关检查8。

活动安排9。

告别词适应时差10。

B1。

为......设宴洗尘2。

向......告别3。

不远万里来到…4。

很荣幸......5。

久仰大名6。

欢迎词7。

赞美8。

回顾过去展望未来9。

10。

美好回忆1。

举行宴会以纪念…2。

告别…三.一路赶来…4。

感到荣幸…5。

我一直盼望见到你。

6。

致欢迎辞7。

向8致敬。

回头看9。

展望未来10。

幸福的记忆各位嘉宾,女士们,先生们,非常感谢您热情洋溢的欢迎辞。

中国是最早的文明的摇篮和对这个古老国家的访问一直是我的梦想。

这次访问将给我一个极好的机会与老朋友见面并建立新的联系。

我希望再次表示,我非常高兴和荣幸地访问你们伟大的国家和这个可爱的地方。

镇。

我为你因为我的到来在中国为我做的一切心存感激。

作为一个中美合资企业的美国经理两年来,我不得不说中美企业管理实践存在差异。

由于我们的不同,我们比大多数中国同事更直接、更直接。

文化传统。

我不能说我们做生意的方法绝对是优越的。

毕竟,这两种管理方式都有优点和缺点。

近年来,更多越来越多的美国企业高管认识到了更人性化的优点。

中国管理方式。

我很高兴能与你们交换意见和信息,并达成协议。

共同点。

在这一天,我想和大家分享我对这个话题的看法。

来。

谢谢您!尊敬的各位来宾,女士们,先生们:非常感谢你们热情友好的欢迎词中国是最古老的文明发源地之一,访问这个文明古。

国是我多年梦寐以求的愿望。

这次访问使我有机会重见老朋友,结交新朋友。

我为自己能访问贵国和这座美丽的城市,再次表达我的愉快之情和荣幸之感。

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商务英语翻译教程答案【篇一:商务英语翻译教程第1单元教案】案课程名称: 商务英语翻译讲授班级: 商务英语1004(主讲教师: 谭宗燕职称: 讲师部门: 自考学院2013年2月22人)introduction to the course从商务英语翻译教程这门课的名称来看,它有两个关键词,一个商务英语,一个翻译。

这门课就围绕这两方面来进行。

说到翻译呢,对于一个优秀的翻译人员的话,理论是基础,实践是真理。

也就是说,实践对于学好翻译来说是至关重要的。

如果只掌握了理论,而不去实践,是不能成为好的翻译人员的。

相反,没有理论系统的学习,而有大量的翻译实践,有可能是以为合格的翻译者。

而商务英语翻译除了关系着翻译,还涉及到很多商贸知识。

i.翻译理论在我国,文字翻译最早开始于春秋时期的《越人歌》,迄今大约有2500年的历史,对翻译标准的争论也有1000多年,但有关翻译标准在翻译界迄今还没有达成“共识”,即还没有一个大家都认同的翻译标准。

翻译是一门推敲的,无唯一答案的课程。

国内外翻译标准百家争鸣、白花齐放。

信、达、雅(faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance )。

1898年,严复在《天演论》的《译例言》中说:“译事之难:信、达、雅。

求其信,已大难矣!顾信矣,不达,虽译,犹不译也,则达尚焉。

”后来一般就把“信、达、雅”当作翻译的标准。

用今天的话来说,“信”就是忠实准确,“达”就是通顺流畅,“雅”就是文字古雅。

“功能对等”。

“功能对等”(functional equivalence)翻译准则是由美国著名翻译家尤金.奈达(eugene a . nida)博士提出的。

在众多的国外翻译家中,奈达的翻译理论可以说对我国的影响最大。

他认为,翻译的预期目的主要是原文与译文在信息内容、说话方式、文体、风格、语言、文化、社会因素诸方面达到对等。

综观国内外翻译家们的观点,可以得出结论:中外翻译标准其实质上有一致性,即:信息对等(information equivalence)。

说到底,不管什么样的翻译标准,都离不开一个“真”字,换言之,译文应该是原文信息的真实反映,译者最大限度地将原文作者所赋予原文语言文字的“任务”转译到译文里。

ii.关于命题考试的有关规定:1. 试题覆盖到章,适当突出重点。

(80%)2. 试卷中对不同能力层次的试题比例大致是:“识记”为20%,“理解”为20%,“应用”为60%。

3. 试题难易程度应合理:易、较易、较难、难,比例为2:3:3:2。

4. 每份试卷中,各类考核点所占比例约为:重点占65%,次重点占25%,一般占10%。

5. 试题类型一般为:简答题,填空题,术语翻译题,单句翻译题,语境翻译题,段落翻译题。

6. 考试采用闭卷考试,考试时间为150分钟,采用百分制评分,60分合格。

本大纲在考核目标中,按照“识记”、“理解”、“应用”三个能力层次规定其应达到的能力层次要求。

各能力层次为递进等级关系,后者必须建立在前者的基础上,其含义是:识记:能知道有关的名词,概念,知识的含义,并能正确认识和表述,是低层次的要求。

理解:在识记的基础上,能全面把握基本概念、基本要求、基本方法,能掌握有关概念、原理、方法的区别与联系,是较高层次的要求。

应用:在理解的基础上,能运用基本概念、基本原理、基本方法练习学过的多个知识点分析和解决有关的理论问题和实际问题,是最高层次的要求。

iii.课下自学方法指导1. 知晓大纲中有关这一章的考核知识点及对知识点的能力层次要求和考核目标,以便在阅读教材时做到有的放矢。

2. 学习教材时,要逐句细读,逐字推敲,吃透每一个知识点,对基本概念必须深刻理解,对基本理论必须彻底弄清,对基本方法必须牢固掌握。

3. 在自学过程中,既要思考问题,也要做好读书笔记,把教材中的基本概念、原理、方法等加以整理,知识点需要前后互相联系。

4. 完成书后作业和适当的辅导练习是理解、消化和巩固所学知识,培养分析问题及提高能力的重要环节。

在练习过程中,注重理论联系实际和具体问题具体分析,解题时应注意培养逻辑性,针对问题围绕相关知识点进行层次(步骤)分明的论述或推导,明确各层次(步骤)间的逻辑关系。

iv. 题型示例(一)、简答题answer the following questions according to the translation theory.1. what are the language characteristics of business english?2. what kind of structure is multi-branch with one stem in translation? please illustrate the different types with charts.3. how to comprehend the definition of an offer? please interpret in three aspects.4. why do we say context can constrain the meaning of words and even sentences?5. how many types of modes does business english discourse have? and what are they?(二)、填空题fill in the following blanks according to the relevant information in english translation.1. the most famous standards for translation are:______________ , ________________ and2. business english expert nick brieger has raised the theory of “the category of business english” that it includes the language of knowledge, communication skills, content, management skills and awareness, etc.3. termination of an offer means that an offer, even it is irrevocable, is ___________ when a ______________ reaches the offeror.4. bot investment refers to the build, ________ and ________ as a way ofinvestment.5. the bond price can be expressed by the following formula:p (security price) = i (security interest income) _r (______________)(三)、术语翻译题give the corresponding definition to each item below.1. imf2. safe3. demand loan4. trust indenture act5. contract for sino-foreign joint venture6. 吞吐量7. 科技含量8. 投资保护协定9. 国际竞争力10. 双重征税协定(四)、单句翻译题translate the following individual sentences.1. hedging in futures markets is synonymous with shifting risk.2. a long position involves inflows greater than outflows in a currency and a short position involved outflows greater than inflows.3. the work of the new government can be put in a nutshell of “four phrases”, namely to “attain one goal”, “implement two key policies”, “solve three major economic problems” and “promote reforms in four major aspects”.4. 我们确信,在平等互利的基础上,通过努力加强各种形式的经济贸易合作,相互间的贸易关系一定存在着广阔的前景。

5. 我们要求用100%金额的、保兑的、不可撤销的信用证,并规定允许转船和分批装运,凭汇票向议付行交单即期付款。

(五)、语境翻译题translate the following underlined parts in its each context.1. the truth was not apparent to managers of one regional bank, which failed to improve its competitive position despite its investment in reducing the time a custom had to wait for a teller. the bank managements did not recognize the level of customer inertia in the customer banking industry that arises from the inconvenience of switching banks.2. during the asian crisis, however, import prices fell well before the dollar took off. import prices have stabilized in the past year despite the dollar’s fairly substantial rise.(1) the impact of exchange on import prices depends on the strength of demand in local markets. the stability of import prices over the past couple of years indicates importers have pocketed lower import benefits rather than passing them on to consumers. (2) in fact, us export growth has accelerated significantly in this year, surpassing the growth of imports for the first time in a long while. the strong dollar is reinforcing competitive pressures that have made the american economy very efficient and rapid investment in productivity.3. the function of futures markets are price discovery, 价格风险规避,and market efficiency improving.4. in a recent study, researchers found that when the level of conflict within a nation was high, 那么公司用于市场营销行为的投资就会很少。

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