2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一五

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2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一二

How to reveal a country’s sense,over the years,of its own well-being 如何揭开一个国家多年来的主观幸福感Read its books.By computer利用计算机扫描其书刊Do a country’s inhabitants get happier as it gets richer?Most governments seem to believe so,given their relentless focus on increasing GDP year by year.Reliable,long-term evidence linking wealth and happiness is,however,lacking.And measuring well-being is itself fraught with problems,since it often relies on surveys that ask participants to assess their own levels of happiness subjectively.一个国家越富有，其人民就越幸福吗？鉴于大多数政府都坚持不懈地致力于逐年提高GDP，它们似乎是认同这一点的。

然而，我们尚缺乏能够证明财富与幸福相关联的可靠而长期的证据。

衡量幸福感本身就存在很多问题，因为它往往依赖于要求参与者主观评估自己幸福水平的调查。

Daniel Sgroi of the University of Warwick and Eugenio Proto of the University of Glasgow,both in Britain,think,nevertheless,that they have an answer.尽管如此，英国华威大学的丹尼尔·斯格里和格拉斯哥大学的尤金尼奥·普罗托认为他们找到了答案。

2019考研英语一阅读理解真题原文

2019考研英语⼀阅读理解真题原⽂ 2019年考研英语⼀阅读理解都考了什么内容呢？⼩编为⼤家提供2019考研英语⼀阅读理解真题原⽂，⼀起来做⼀做吧！ 2019考研英语⼀阅读理解真题text1原⽂ Text 1 Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of England’s top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism” In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shorters attention spans in financial markets. "There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short -termism .” In its latest survey of CEO pay ,The Wall Street Journal finds that “a substantial part ” of executive pay is now tied to performance . Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism，” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britain's new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term. 21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the A. enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility B. help corporations achieve larger profits C. build a new system of financial regulation D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives 22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate A. the conditions for generating quick profits B. governments’ impatience in decision-making C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies D. “short-termism” in economic activities 23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be A. indirect B. adverse C. minimal D. temporary 24. The US and France examples and used to illustrate A. the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”. B. the significance of long-term thinking. C. the approaches to promoting “long-termism”. D. the prevalence of short-term thinking. 25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Failure of Quarterly Capitalism B. Patience as a Corporate Virtue C. Decisiveness Required of Top Executives D. Frustration of Risk-taking Bankers 2019考研英语⼀阅读理解真题text2原⽂ Text 2 Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force—a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called "grade forgiveness"— is helping raise GPAs. Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade, and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a student’s overall GPA. The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates, and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven. College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about the grade itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty.“Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar, “we see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.” That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention—so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students—who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges. Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges' incentives seem to be aligned. 26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation? A. The change of course catalogs. B. Students' indifference to GPAS. C. Colleges' neglect of GPAS. D. The influence of consumer culture. 27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness? A. To help freshmen adapt to college learning. B. To maintain colleges' graduation rates. C. To prepare graduates for a challenging future. D. To increase universities' income from tuition. 28. According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges to A. obtain more financial support. B. boost their student enrollments. C. improve their teaching quality. D. meet local governments' needs. 29. What does the phrase "to be aligned"(Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mean? A. To counterbalance each other. B. To complement each other. C. To be identical with each other. D. To be contradictory to each other. 30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness by A. assessing its feasibility. B. analyzing the causes behind it. C. comparing different views on it. D. listing its long-run effects. 2019考研英语⼀阅读理解真题text3原⽂ Text 3 This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come. Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans humans?” What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”. Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist. “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.” But that doesn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and ears tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of humans. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem. Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use ofAI. Along with Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center. India released its AI ethics strategy this spring. On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy Al” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop Al-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights. While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair. To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest values? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster. 31. Mary Shelley's novel Frankenstein is mentioned because it A. fascinates Al scientists all over the world. B. has remained popular for as long as 200 years. C. involves some concerns raised by Al today. D. has sparked serious ethical controversies 32. In David Eagleman's opinion, our current knowledge of consciousness A. helps explain artificial intelligence. B. can be misleading to robot making. C. inspires popular sci-fi TV series. D.is too limited for us to reproduce it 33.The solution to the ethical issues brought by autonomous vehicles A. can hardly ever be found. B.is still beyond our capacity. C. causes little public concern. D. has aroused much curiosity. 34. The author's attitude toward Google's pledges is one of A. affirmation B. skepticism. C. contempt D. respect. 35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. Al's Future: In the Hands of Tech Giants B. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of Al C. The Conscience of AI: Complex But Inevitable D. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of Control 2019考研英语⼀阅读理解真题text4原⽂ Text 4 States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Courtdecision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states. The Supreme Court's opinion Thursday overruled a pair of decades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases. The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer's purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren't charged it, but most didn't realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited states' ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.” The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn't before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don't have to. Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven't been collecting sales tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state's sales tax from customers and send it to the state. Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saunders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement, "Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision." 36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday will A . Dette business’ revolutions with states B. put most online business in a dilemma C. make more online shoppers pay sales tax D. force some states to cut sales tax 37. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decision A . have led to the dominance of e-commerce B . have cost consumers a lot over the years C. were widely criticized by online purchases D. were consider unfavorable by states 38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy , the physical presence rule has A. hindered economic development . B. brought prosperity to the country C. harmed fair market competition D. boosted growth in states’ revenue 39. Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Court rulingA. Internet enterpreneursB. Big-chair owners B. Third-party sellers D. Small retailers 40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the author A. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequences B. describes the long and complicated process of its making C. presents its main points with conflicting views on them D. cities some saces related to it and analyzes their implications。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三四

The first face-off人脸识别第一案A lawsuit against face-scans in China could have big consequences在中国，一场有关人脸识别的诉讼或将带来巨大的影响Guo Bing,a legal academic in the eastern city of Hangzhou,likes to spend his leisure time at a local safari park.But when the park informed season-pass holders like him that admission would require a face-scan,Mr Guo objected.郭兵是中国东部城市杭州市的一名法律学者，他平日里喜欢在当地的野生动物园度过闲暇时光。

但当动物园告知像他这样的年卡用户需要扫脸入园时，郭先生无法接受。

Late last month he filed a lawsuit,claiming the new rules violated his privacy.Facial-recognition technology is widely used in izens have been hailing Mr Guo as a champion of consumer rights.A thread about his suit has garnered100m views on Weibo,a social-media platform.上月底，他以新规定侵犯其隐私为由向法院提起了诉讼。

人脸识别技术在中国已经得到了广泛的应用。

网友们纷纷称赞郭兵是消费者权益的捍卫者。

在社交媒体平台新浪微博上，一条关于他诉讼的微博获得了1亿次的点击量。

It is surprising that it has taken so long for the judiciary to get involved. Some300tourist sites in China use facial recognition to admit visitors.The safari park says doing so can shorten queues.令人惊讶的是，司法部门过了这么久才介入其中。

考研阅读英一2019text1

考研阅读英一2019text1Text 1The term "flyover country" is a derogatory term used by urban dwellers to dismiss or belittle the vast expanse of rural areas in the United States. It implies that these areas are insignificant, unimportant, and unworthy of attention. However, this dismissive attitude fails to recognize the unique and valuable contributions that rural communities make to the country.Rural areas are often the breadbasket of the nation, producing the majority of the food that we consume. They are home to hardworking farmers who toil day in and day out to grow the crops and raise the livestock that sustain our population. These farmers not only feed us, but they also contribute to the economy by creating jobs and supporting local businesses. Without the efforts of these individuals, our cities would not have the resources needed to thrive.Furthermore, rural areas often possess pristine natural landscapes that serve as important habitats for wildlife and provide opportunities for outdoorrecreation and tourism. These areas offer a respite from the hustle and bustle of city life and give city dwellers a chance to disconnect from technology and reconnect with nature. Whether it's hiking through a national park, fishing in a secluded stream, or camping under the stars, these experiences foster a deeper appreciation for the environment and help to promote conservation efforts.Beyond their economic and environmental contributions, rural communities also play a vital role in preserving the diverse cultural heritage of the United States. Many rural areas are home to indigenous populations who have inhabited these lands for centuries. By maintaining their traditions, languages, and customs, these communities provide a glimpse into the rich tapestry of American history. Additionally, rural areas often celebrate unique festivals and events that showcase their local customs, cuisine, and craft. These cultural celebrations offer an opportunity for people from all walks of life to come together and learn from one another.It is important to acknowledge that rural communitiesface unique challenges and are often underserved when it comes to access to healthcare, education, and infrastructure. However, instead of relegating these areas to the category of "flyover country," it is crucial to invest in their development and provide the resources necessary for them to thrive. By bridging the gap between urban and rural areas, we can foster a more inclusive society where everyone has equal opportunities and access to essential services.In conclusion, the derogatory term "flyover country" fails to recognize the significant contributions that rural communities make to the United States. These areas serve as the backbone of our economy, provide valuable natural resources, preserve cultural heritage, and offer a different way of life that many people find appealing. Instead of belittling these areas, we should embrace their uniqueness, support their growth, and strive for a more equitable society that values both urban and rural areas.。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二三

Why an“Uber for tailors”is gaining ground in Lagos“裁缝优步”为何能在拉各斯发展起来？“Rich and poor,everyone has a tailor here,”says Olajire Omikunle,a couturier for Nigeria’s powerful.So great is the appeal of a well-cut outfit in Lagos,Nigeria’s commercial centre,that roadside stitchers rove the streets armed with their sewing machines and clicking their large scissors to drum up customers.尼日利亚颇具影响力的服装设计师奥拉吉尔·奥米昆勒说：“无论贫富，这里的每个人都有自己的裁缝。

”在尼日利亚的商业中心拉各斯，一套剪裁考究的服装如此具有吸引力，以至于街头裁缝们会带着他们的缝纫机在街道上来回穿梭，并拿着大剪刀咔嚓咔嚓地招揽着顾客。

David Peterside,a local entrepreneur,hopes to capitalise on this sartorial obsession with a new app that is being dubbed an“Uber for tailors”.Fashion Map allows natty Nigerians to find a suitmaker at the press of a button.当地企业家戴维·彼得赛德希望借着人们对服装的痴迷，开发一款名为“裁缝优步”的新应用。

整洁时髦尼日利亚人只需按下一个按钮，便能在时尚地图上找到一位裁缝。

It may be a perfect fit for Africa’s most populous country.Nigeria has a fast-growing base of smartphone users and“over100,000registered tailors”,says Otunba Wasiu Taiwo of the Nigeria Union of Tailors.“We are still counting.”该应用或许非常适合这个非洲人口最多的国家。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一零五

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一零五A scientific study has established that there is no“gay gene”一项科学研究证实，“同性恋基因”并不存在But biology does in part determine sexual orientation但是生物学还是在一定程度上决定了性取向In1993A region of the human genome called Xq28was linked to male homosexuality,and the controversial notion of a“gay gene”was born.Those research findings have not been replicated.1993年，人们发现人类基因组中一个被称为Xq28的片段与男性同性恋有关，“同性恋基因”这一存在争议的概念由此诞生。

这些研究结果后来并未被重复出来。

But it was never going to be that simple:decades of genetic research have shown that almost every human characteristic is a complex interplay of genes and environmental factors.A new study,published in Science this week,confirms that this is the case for human sexuality,too.但事情从来没有那么简单：人类几十年来对基因的研究表明，人类几乎所有的特征都是基因与环境因素共同作用的结果。

本周发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新的研究证实，人类的性取向也是如此。

The study,the largest ever into this difficult topic,was conducted by an international group of scientists working with23andMe,a personal genomics firm.一个国际科学家小组与个人基因组公司23andMe就这一难题合作开展了这项迄今为止规模最大的研究。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二六

Defending Switzerland’s coffee stockpile捍卫瑞士的咖啡储备If disaster strikes,the Swiss want to be caffeinated当灾难来袭时，瑞士人需要咖啡因To defend their independence the Swiss have mountains,conscription and a fierce sense of self-reliance.They also have a vast stockpile of food, medicine,animal feed and cooking oil,which they have maintained since the1920s.This makes sieges easier to withstand,but costs a fortune.瑞士人靠着山脉、兵役制度和强烈的自力更生精神捍卫着国家的主权独立。

自上世纪20年代以来，瑞士一直保持着大量的食品、药品、动物饲料和食用油储备。

这使得瑞士更容易抵御敌人的围攻，但这同时代价不菲。

So in April the Federal Office for National Economic Supply announced a plan to trim it a little.In future,it suggested,it would no longer pay for a huge emergency supply of coffee.This wonderful drink,it claimed,is not “vital for life”.因此，今年4月，瑞士联邦国家经济供应办公室宣布了一项略微削减开支的计划。

它表示，今后将废除紧急物资储备中的咖啡储备。

理由则是，这种美味的饮品并不是“攸关生死的”。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二四

Neanderthals had a propensity for earache,nudging them to their doom易患耳疾将尼安德特人推向了灭亡A new analysis of their skulls points to an anatomical problem一项对头颅的新研究指出了一个生理构造缺陷The last neanderthals vanished from Earth about40,000years ago.Exactly what drove them to extinction,however,remains a mystery,with their disappearance variously attributed to anything from climate change to inferior cognitive abilities or even cannibalism.在大约4万年前，最后一批尼安德特人消失在地球上。

但究竟是什么导致了他们的灭亡，至今仍是一个谜，关于他们灭亡原因有着各种各样的猜想，从气候变化到认知能力低下，再到同类相食。

Anthony Pagano,a medical researcher at Seton Hall University in New Jersey,has a new explanation.He thinks Neanderthals might have been unusually prone to severe ear infections,which left them struggling to compete against their Homo sapiens cousins.新泽西州西顿霍尔大学的医学研究员安东尼·帕加诺给出了一个新的解释。

他认为尼安德特人或许非常容易患上严重的耳部感染，这使得他们很难与智人相互竞争。

考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：收入与幸福感

考研英语阅读英文原刊《经济学人》：收入与幸福感Happiness and Income收入与幸福感Everything that rises must converge幸福的家庭总是相似的Emerging markets are catching up with the West inthe happiness stakes新兴国家的幸福指数将要赶上西方POETS, songwriters and left-wing politicians hate theidea, but for decades opinion-poll evidence has been clear: money buys happiness and thericher you are, the more likely you are to express satisfaction with your life. Until now. Asurvey of 43 countries published on October 30th by the Pew Research Centre of Washington,DC, shows that people in emerging markets are within a whisker of expressing the same levelof satisfaction as people in rich countries. It is the biggest qualification to the standard viewof happiness and income seen so far.诗人，作词家，左翼政治家总是反驳这样一个观点：钱可以买到幸福，一个人越有钱，他对生活的满意感就可能越高。

但是十年来民意调查却清楚证明了这一点。

不过，位于华盛顿特区的皮尤研究中心调查了43个国家后，发现发展中国家的人对生活满意度与富有国家的人们生活满意度相差无几。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三一

Alibaba sold$38.4bn of merchandise this Singles’Day这个双十一，阿里巴巴创造了384亿美元的销售额The world’s biggest online shopping frenzy这是一场全球最大的在线购物狂欢In1993A group of male students at Nanjing University in China decided to celebrate their singledom.The annual date would be November11th, comprised of four lonely1s.1993年，中国南京大学的一群男生决定选个日子庆祝他们的单身生活。

于是他们便定在了每年的11月11日，这一天是由四个孤独的“1”组成的。

The story may be apocryphal.But since2009Alibaba,China’s e-commerce giant,has turned Singles’Day into a very real shopping frenzy.It has long since eclipsed America’s Black Friday and Cyber Monday online sales combined.这个故事或许是虚构的。

但自2009年以来，中国电子商务巨头阿里巴巴就已经将光棍节打造成了一场真正的购物狂欢。

其销售额早已超过了美国的黑色星期五和网络星期一在线销售额的总和。

This year Taylor Swift performed at the countdown.In the next24hours Alibaba sold$38.4bn-worth of petitors like and Pinduoduo have piled in.泰勒·斯威夫特（霉霉）甚至都参加了今年的天猫双十一晚会。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一一

The legal cannabis market shrank in California last year去年，加州的合法大麻市场在萎缩Harbourside Cannabis in Oakland is a modern-day temple to the delights and possibilities of the botanical marvel that is the plant Cannabis sativa. Around the airy shop move a well-heeled clientele.They browse among offerings ranging from cannabis-infused chocolate to sparkling water and vape pens.奥克兰的哈伯赛德大麻公司是一座可供寻求快乐和见识到大麻种植奇观的现代庙宇。

一群有钱人在通透的大麻商店里来来往往。

他们浏览着从大麻巧克力到大麻起泡水和大麻电子烟等各式各样的大麻商品。

California was the first state to allow sales of medical cannabis in1996, and Harbourside one of the first shops in America to sell pot legally.Since January last year,the firm has also been able to sell pot for purely recreational purposes.1996年，加州成为美国首个允许销售医用大麻的州，哈伯赛德也是美国首批合法销售大麻的商店之一。

自去年1月以来，哈伯赛德也能销售纯娱乐用途的大麻了。

Thanks to its large number of“medical”users,California’s is the largest legal cannabis market in the world.But since the legalisation of adult sales, that market has been shrinking.得益于大批的“医疗”用户，加州成为了全球最大的合法大麻市场。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一三五

Research suggests happy employees are good for firms and investors 研究表明，快乐的员工对公司和投资者都有好处There is an old joke about a new arrival in Hell,who is given the choice by Satan of two different working environments.In the first,frazzled workers shovel huge piles of coal into a fiery furnace.In the second,a group of workers stand,waist-deep in sewage,sipping cups of tea.有个老笑话讲的是一个刚下地狱的人，撒旦让他在两种不同的工作环境中做出选择。

在第一个房间里，疲惫不堪的工人们要将大堆大堆的煤铲进炽热的火炉中。

在第二个房间里，一群工人站在齐腰深的污水中，啜饮着茶。

The condemned man opts,on balance,for the second room.As soon as the door closes,the foreman shouts“Right lads,tea break over.Time to stand on your heads again.”这个有罪之人在经过权衡后最终选择了第二个房间。

门一关上，工头便喊道：“伙计们，茶歇时间到了，是时候再倒立了。

”Terrible working conditions have a long tradition.Early industry was marked by its dirty,dangerous factories(dark,satanic mills).In the early 20th century workers were forced into dull,repetitive tasks by the needs of the production line.However,in a service-based economy,it makes sense that focusing on worker morale might be a much more fruitful approach.恶劣的工作环境有着悠久的传统。

2019考研英语经济学人阅读1(英语学习).doc

2019考研英语经济学人阅读1（英语学习）联合国严厉制裁朝鲜The European Union announced that it will provide700m ($760m) in aid to accommodate migrants incountries overwhelmed by the refugee crisis. Most ofthe money is expected to go to Greece. AngelaMerkel, Germany’s chancellor, scolded Austria andother countries for clamping down on refugeearrivals, and vowed not to abandon Greece.欧盟宣布将向深陷难民危机的国家提供7亿欧元(7.6亿美元)的难民安置援助。

该援助的一大部分将给希腊。

德国总理安吉拉·默克尔(Angela Merkel)谴责奥地利等国家抵制难民入境的行为，并承诺不会放弃对希腊的援助。

The leader of Spain’s Socialist Party, Pedro Sánchez, failed in his first attempt to form aminority government with the upstart centrist Ciudadanos party. Both the centre-right PopularParty and the far-left Podemos party voted against the proposed coalition in parliament. If MrSánchez fails again in a second vote planned for March 4th, the caretaker government willprobably call new elections.西班牙工人社会党( Socialist Party)领导人彼得罗·桑切斯(Pedro Sánchez)与新兴中立公民党(Ciudadanos party)首次尝试组建少数党政府，但最终以失败告终。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二一

Japan’s state-owned version of Tinder日本官方版TinderLocal authorities are setting up matchmaking websites to pair their residents with lonely-hearts in the cities政府当局创办相亲网站，为当地居民牵线搭桥Even after years of attending match-making parties,a professional in Tokyo explains,she has not found any suitable marriage prospects.“I’m tired of going to these events and not meeting anyone,”she gripes.东京一名职场人士表示，虽然参加了多年的相亲会，但她仍然没有找到合适的结婚对象。

她抱怨道：“我对参加这些活动感到厌倦了，却没有遇见一个合适的人。

”So she has decided to expand her pool of prospective partners by looking for love outside the capital.To that end she has filled out an online profile detailing her name,job,hobbies and even weight on a match-making site that pairs up single urbanites with people from rural areas.因此，她决定将她寻找伴侣的范围扩大到首都之外。

为此，她在一个为城市和农村的单身人士配对的婚配网站上填写了一份个人资料，详细描述了自己的姓名、工作、爱好，甚至体重。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读五十五

Behavioural economics行为经济学People are more honest than they think they are人们比他们所认为的更诚信More money in a lost wallet means it is more likely to be returned钱包里的钱越多，找回来的可能性就越大Imagine that you found a wallet in the street containing a stranger’s contact details but no cash.Would you go out of your way to return it to its owner?Now imagine that the same wallet contained a fewcrisp banknotes.Would that alter your response?Does it depend on the amount of money?And how do you think other people would react in similar circumstances?假如你在街上捡到了一个钱包，钱包里有主人的联系方式但没有钱。

你会想办法物归原主吗？又假如在你捡到的这个钱包里有几张崭新的钞票。

这会让你的行为有所改变吗？归还与否取决于钱的多少吗？你认为其他人在碰到类似的情况时会有什么反应？Honesty makes the world go round.Without people trusting in one another,at least to a certain extent,society would fall apart.Honesty istherefore studied academically.Most work in the area,though,takes place under controlled conditions in laboratories.世界依靠诚信而运转。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二五

Don’t panic about e-cigarettes不必对电子烟恐慌Banning them all will cause far more harm than good全面禁令将会弊大于利“It’s time to stop vaping,”says Lee Norman,a health official in Kansas. Six people are dead in America,apparently from smoking e-cigarettes. More than450have contracted a serious lung disease.So Mr Norman’s advice sounds reasonable.堪萨斯州的卫生官员诺曼·李说：“是时候禁止吸食电子烟了。

”美国已有6人明显死于吸食电子烟。

超过450人因吸食电子烟而患上了严重的肺病。

因此，诺曼的建议似乎合情合理。

The Centres for Disease Control and the American Medical Association agree:the country’s11m vapers should quit.A new idea is circulating,that vaping is worse than smoking.On September11th the Trump administration said it intends to ban non-tobacco flavoured vaping fluid.Some politicians want a broader ban on all e-cigarettes.美国疾病预防控制中心和美国医学会一致认为：美国1100万电子烟民应该戒烟。

如今大家普遍认为，电子烟的危害比传统香烟更大。

9月11日，特朗普政府表示将计划禁止非烟草味的电子烟烟液。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一零五

A scientific study has established that there is no“gay gene”一项科学研究证实，“同性恋基因”并不存在But biology does in part determine sexual orientation但是生物学还是在一定程度上决定了性取向In1993A region of the human genome called Xq28was linked to male homosexuality,and the controversial notion of a“gay gene”was born.Those research findings have not been replicated.1993年，人们发现人类基因组中一个被称为Xq28的片段与男性同性恋有关，“同性恋基因”这一存在争议的概念由此诞生。

这些研究结果后来并未被重复出来。

本周发表在《科学》杂志上的一项新的研究证实，人类的性取向也是如此。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一二二

Lilies tweak their fruit and seeds to ensure their propagation百合对其果实和种子进行改造，以确保其繁殖Spit it out把种子吐出来African bush lilies are demanding plants.To thrive,they need dappled shade—for they are sensitive to full sunlight—and well-drained soil.They are therefore patchily distributed,growing only in microclimates where these conditions pertain.非洲灌木百合是一种对生长环境有着严苛要求的植物。

为了能够茁壮生长，它们需要斑驳的树荫（它们对充足的阳光很敏感）和排水良好的土壤。

因此，它们往往散落分布，仅在这些条件适宜的小气候中生长。

That means their seeds are likely to do best if they germinate near the plant that bore them.Too near,though,and they will compete with that parent for resources.这意味着，这些种子如果在播种它们的植物附近将会生长的最好。

但是，如果靠的太近将会和它们的母代植物争夺资源。

Somehow,a way needs to be arranged for seeds to be carried the optimum distance from their parental plants.And Ian Kiepiel and Steven Johnson at the University of KwaZulu-Natal,in South Africa,think they know how it happens.于是乎，需要通过某种途径让种子和母代植物保持最佳的距离。

2019经济学人考研英文文章阅读一一零

Vanquishing the virus攻克病毒Africa is on the verge of being declared polio-free非洲即将宣布消灭脊髓灰质炎病毒Health workers overcame violence and conspiracy theories卫生工作者克服了暴力和阴谋论的困难Eradicating Polio is hard.It is even harder when politicians and imams fan the conspiracy theory that the polio vaccine is part of a Western plot to sterilise Muslims,as happened for several years in northern Nigeria.想要消灭脊髓灰质炎很难。

而当政治家和部落领袖们煽动着阴谋论（他们宣称脊髓灰质炎疫苗是西方消灭穆斯林阴谋的一部分，正如尼日利亚北部多年来发生的那样）时，就更是难上加难了。

So in2015Nigeria’s president,Muhammadu Buhari,decided to set an example.He gave the vaccine to one of his grandchildren on television, before rallying politicians and tribal leaders to join the campaign.因此，在2015年，尼日利亚总统穆罕默杜·布哈里决定树立一个榜样。

他在电视上给他的孙子接种了脊髓灰质炎疫苗，随后召集政客和部落领袖们加入这场运动。

His efforts,and those of hundreds of thousands of volunteers,have paid off.On August21st Nigeria marked three years since its last documented case of wild polio.That means the country is set to be declared polio-freeby the World Health Organisation-backed Global Polio Eradication Initiative.他和成千上万名志愿者的努力最终得到了回报。