外文翻译---基于电子商务的航空公司成本控制

外文翻译---基于电子商务的航空公司成本控制

附录

Airline Cost Control Based on E-commerce Abstract—Airline’s operating situation is not good nowadays. At this situation, cost control is very important to airline. It is a new idea and method for airline to using computer and network oriented information technology to cost control. Firstly, this article analyses the airline’s cost composition, then describes how to use e-commerce to control cost of airline in air material cost, sales expenses, financial expenses, administrative expenses and so on. Finally, based on service-oriented architecture technology, this article also describes how to integrate information resources within and outside the airline to build air e-commerce platform, which not only helps airline cost control, but also helps airline innovative business model to improve the competitiveness of enterprise. Keywords-airline; e-commerce; cost control; service-oriented architecture

I. INTRODUCTION

Since the Great Depression, 2009 went into the history books as the worst year the air transportation industry has ever seen. Passenger transportation demand dropped 3.5 percent while cargo transportation demand suffered an even bigger hit, falling 10.1 percent. All over the world, 30 airlines have ceased business due to lack of funds, 14 of which went out of business.

This year, as the global economic recovery, demand for the air traffic has improved significantly. Statistics show that the situation is moving in the right direction. During the World Air Transport Summit held in June, IATA said: "The global air transportation industry's most difficult times are over, but challenges remain. It will take at least three years to recover the $81 billion drop in revenues in 2009."

Compared to the difficult situation of foreign airlines, China Airlines are in the better situation, but should not be too optimistic. In 2009, China's civil aviation industry achieved revenue of 212 billion yuan with profit of 7.4 billion, however, which was mainly caused by appreciation of the RMB exchange gains and jet fuel hedging.

II. AIRLINE COST ANALYSIS

Cost of China's airlines is composed of operating cost, sales expenses, administrative expenses, finance charges, aviation infrastructure construction funds, tax and associate charges and other costs. Operating cost accounts for about 73% of the total cost, which includes about 24% in fuel cost, 18% in the aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, 13% in the airport landing and service fees, 9% in the air material cost, and 9% in wage cost and other.

Basically fuel cost, aircraft depreciation and maintenance cost, airport landing and service fees are non-controllable cost. Because the China Aviation Oil Holding Company almost entirely controls the import, storage, transportation of jet fuel. The domestic airlines have not alternative channel of long-term effective fuel supply, so they are powerless in controlling fuel cost. Similarly, the China Aviation Supplies Import & Export Group Corporation is plenipotentiary of Chinese airlines for foreign plane purchasing, so the airlines can not play their orders directly to the aircraft manufacturers, which makes the purchasing price of aircraft at a high level. Moreover, most of the domestic airports are in the regional monopoly status. The available choices for airlines are very limited, so the airlines have no bargaining power. Therefore, the airlines should control cost from the relative controllable aspects.

III. USING E-COMMERCE TO AIRLINE COST CONTROL E-commerce refers to not only internet-based transaction but also all activities using electronic information technology on increasing publicity, lowering cost, adding value and creating business opportunities, which including a series of trade activities of procurement, product, storage, transportation, display, order and payment through the network. Now, in the most of China’s airlines, e-commerce is limited to e-ticket. However, the fact is that many other airline businesses can be achieved through e-commerce. E-business is ideal platform for airline to implement cost control.

IV. SOA-BASED AIRLINE E- COMMERCE PLATFORM

SOA(service-oriented architecture) is the service-oriented software developing idea and architecture, which is to solve business integration problem in the internet environment. SOA neutrally defines standardized interfaces, which can make services based on different hardware platforms, operating systems, even different programming languages communicate with each other to achieve cross-platform portfolio of services. For the reason, the SOA-based