with的复合结构.doc

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先看下面例句:

In parts of Asia, you must not sit with your feet pointing at another persons.

句中your feet 是介词with 的宾语,pointing是your feet的补足语,介词宾语your feet与它的补足语pointing 一起构成with的复合结构, 即复合宾语。其结构是:with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语。作宾语的通常是名词或代词;作宾语补足语的除了上例句中的动词-ing 形式外,还可用动词不定式、过去分词、介词短语、形容词等。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,即补足语表示宾语所发出的一个动作或说明宾语的状态、特征、身分等。

1.with 复合结构常见的构成形式有以下几种:

••动词-ing 形式

动词不定式

过去分词

•with + 宾语+ 介词,adj,adv,noun。•

现分述如下:

1).with + 宾语+ 动词-ing 形式(即现在分词)。宾语是动词-ing形式的执行者;动词-ing 形式表示动作正在发生。例如:

He fell asleep with the light burning.他开着灯睡着了。

With you standing there, we can't work. 你站在那儿我们无法工作。

2).with + 宾语+ 动词不定式。宾语是动词不定式的执行者;动词不定式表示一个动作过程或即将发生的动作。例如:

I can't go out with all these dishes to wash. 所有这些碟子都要洗, 我不能出去。

With Tom to help me, I finished the work in time. 有了汤姆的帮助, 及时完成了这项工作。3).with + 宾语+ 过去分词。宾语是过去分词的承受者,而非执行者;过去分词表达被动含义。例如:

The thief was brought in with his hands tied. 小偷双手被捆着带了进来。

The boy rushed into the room, with his face covered with sweat. 那小孩满脸是汗冲进屋来。4).with + 宾语+ 介词短语。介词短语表示宾语所处的状态或特征。例如:

The guard stood at the gate with a gun in his hands.卫兵手持枪站在门口。

The old man was sitting there with his back to the door.老人背朝门坐在那儿。

5).with + 宾语+ 形容词。形容词表示宾语的状态或特征。例如:

He often sleeps with the windows open. 他经常开着窗睡觉。

With the house empty she felt miserable. 房子空空荡荡, 她感觉难受。

6).with + 宾语+ 副词。副词表示宾语的状态或特征。例如:

With John away, we've got more room. 约翰不在, 我们有了更多的地方。

The building looks more beautiful with all the lights on.所有的灯都开着,这楼显得更加漂亮。7).with + 宾语+ 名词。名词常表示宾语的身分。例如:

He died with his daughter yet a baby.他去世时他女儿还是一个婴儿。

They live in Chengdu With their son a teacher in a school.他们住在成都,他们的儿子在一所学校当教师。

2.With 复合结构的句法功能

with 复合结构在句中主要用作状语, 表示伴随情况或行为方式、•条件、原因、时间等。例如:

1)伴随状语:The teacher went into the classroom with some books in his hand.老师手里拿着几本书走进教室。

The old man was sitting near the stove, with his back towards the door.那位老人背朝门坐在火炉旁。

2)条件状语:With the weather permitting, we'll go out for picnic.如果天气好的话,我们就去野炊。

With the day being fine, we are going to swim. 如果天气好的话,我们打算去游泳。

3)时间状语:With the problem settled,he went home.这个问题解决后他就回家了。

With the work finished,he went home.工作做完后他就回家了。

4)原因状语:With so many people being absent, they decided to put the meeting off.由于缺席的人多,他们决定将会议推迟。

With them to help us, we finished the job easily. 有了他们的帮助,我们很容易地完成了这项工作。

With 复合结构除了在句中作状语外,还可用作定语。例如:

He lives in the room with the light burning. 他住在亮着灯的那个房间。

The woman with a baby in her arms is his sister.怀抱婴儿的那个妇女是他姐姐。•••

英语中“介词with + 复合宾语”结构也叫介词with的复合结构, 即“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”, 这种结构在中学英语课本中频频出现,用法十分灵活而且复杂。近年来,高考命题者常常通过一定的语境来考查with这一复合结构的用法,下面让我们先看看两道与介词with复合结构相关的高考试题:

1.(NMET.2000) _________ production up by 60 % , the company has had another excellent year.

A. As

B. For

C. With

D. Through

[解析] 答案C。本题考查介词with的复合结构“with + n / pron + prep. phrase(介词短语)”的用法。“as”作为连词,意为“因为、由于”,其后必须跟从句;作为介词,意为“作为”,从语法和句意方面都不能用。而for和through在这里从语法和句意方面也不能用。在这里应用with,意思是“因为、由于”。句意是:由于生产(产品)上升了60% ,这家公司又有了一个辉煌年。

2.(Beijing. 2004) ________two exams to worry about , I have to work really hard this weekend.

A. Besides

B. With

C. As for

D. Because of

[解析] 答案B。这道题也是考查介词with复合结构用法的。从句子的结构看这里必须要填一个介词,而不能填连词,“as for”意思是“至于、关于”;because of意思是“由于、因为”,其后不能跟复合结构,所以不能选择C和D。在所给的选项中只有with才符合构成“with + n / pron + to do ”结构。句意是:由于担心这两门考试,本周末我得真的用功了

1>“with + n / pron + v-ing”这一结构在句子中作伴随状语,说明情况,其中现在分词表示主动或正在进行的动作。例如:

①________our food ________, we had to walk to a village for help.(成都毕业班第一次诊断试题)

A. Since; runs out

B. Because; run out

C. With; running out

D. For; running out

[解析] 答案C。“since、because、for”作“由于、因为”讲,是连词,其后只能跟从句,不能跟复合结构,所以不能选A、B、D。由于run out是不及物动词短语且与our food 之间存在主谓关系所以只能用running out 结构,with在这里表示原因,故答案是C。句意是:在我们的食物快要用完的情况下,我们不得不向附近的村子求援。

②.When mother went into the house, she found her baby was sleeping in bed, ________ his lips moving.

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