西方文化导论Unit9

合集下载

西方文化导论

Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。

西方文化导论Unit

5. _P_o_p_a_r_t_ intends to set up a style of impersonality by employing the imagery of commercialized art or other art forms of the mass media.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s C. van Gogh’s D. Paul Gauguin’s
_T_ 5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
Comprehension Exercises
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
_T_ 3. The role of TV is an important link between the individual
and the public or social side of life.
_F_ 4. The major four Western agencies are: Associated Press, BBC, Reuters and Press de France Nouvelle.
_fa_u_v_i_s_m_ and expressionism.

《西方文化导论》课程教学大纲.doc

《场方夂祀概崎》教曇丈詢学时：16课时学分：1学分授课对象：全校二年级、三年级学生教材：《四方文化概略》一、课程性质、目的和任务本课程是面向全校二年级、三年级学生设置的全院公共任选课程，旨在实现大学英语教学的个性化教育与综合索质培养的目标。

课程面向广犬学生，满足学生了解西方文化的个性化要求，结合语言学习，综合提高学生语言文化能力。

课程设置上按照时间的顺序对以欧洲文化为核心的西方文明进行导论性的介绍，内容包括古希腊、古罗马文化、文艺复兴、科学革命等对现代文化影响深远的古代文明及历史时期。

每个核心主题屮所涉及内容的选取侧重于文化继承和影响，结合语言方面的相关知识，综合介绍给学生。

二、教学基本要求本课程将英语语言文化背景知识系统的呈现给学生。

面向已具有一定的语言基础的二、三年级学生，课程内容的重心落在背景知识和文化了解的角度。

通过系统的内容丰富的语言文化知识的介绍，帮助学生更真切地掌握语言的深意和内涵，同时，开阔学生的视野，使学生得到全方位发展。

三、教学基本内容周次教学内容课时第二周爱琴文明与希腊神话传说2第三周希腊时期的文化2第四周罗马时期的文化2第五周中世纪时期的基督教文化2第六周文艺复兴时期的文化2第七周宗教改革时期的文化2第八周复习总结2笫九周课程考查2四、教学重点：第一章爱琴文明与希腊神话传说克里特文化的形成、成就和影响；迈锡尼文化的特点；荷马史诗的形成与成就。

1・克里特文化：建筑、壁画和彩陶、文字、宗教。

2. 迈锡尼文化：建筑、文字。

3. 荷马时代文化：《荷马史诗》、陶艺。

第二章希腊时期的文化希腊神话的内容与特点、古希腊宗教；古风吋代的希腊文学与艺术；古典吋代的希腊悲喜剧代表作家与作品，建筑、雕刻、哲学、科学和史学的成就。

新喜剧；亚历山大里亚、小亚细亚的雕刻艺术；亚历山大里亚城的建筑；犬儒学派、伊壁鸠鲁学派、斯多喝学派、怀疑论学派；希腊化时代的宗教特点及科学成就。

1 •早期希腊的文化：神话和宗教，文字和文学，艺术。

西方文化导论Unit9

Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. ___ F 1. “Things in themselves” is Kant’s major philosophical idea. Fichte was influenced greatly by it and perfected the idea. ___ T 2. Nietzsche is generally regarded as the initiator of the modern philosophy of human life. ___ T 3. The modern term of “alienation” can be traced back to Nietzsche. ___ T 4. Schopenhauer’s philosophical view of human nature is basically pessimistic. ___ T 5. To Hegel, the best type of state is in the polity of the constitutional monarchy.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions.
___ F 1. The earliest utopian doctrine came from Meyer’s book Utopia. ___ T 2. Utopian socialism started from mechanical materialism and had theoretical significance in the formation of Marxism. ___ T 3. The utopian representatives held that socialism and communism both had a rational basis. ___ F 4. The utopian socialist thinkers shared a similar view to change the society by violent means. ___ T 5. One of the limitations of utopian socialism is that it emphasized the anticipated change in man, denied the need for the class struggle and regarded their version of socialism as non-political socialism.

西方文化导论考试范围

西方文化导论考试范围木星(Jupiter) Zeus the god of justice。

海王星(Neptune) 代表神Poseidon 海神冥王星(Pluto) 代表神普鲁陀Hades(冥府之神) 太阳(Sun)// 代表神阿波罗Apollo(太阳神) 金星(Venus) 代表神维纳斯Venus(爱与美之神Aphrodite) Athena雅典娜智慧女神月球(Moon) 露娜Luna，希腊人称之为瑟丽妮Selene和阿蒂蜜丝Artemis火星(Mars) 代表神马尔斯Ares(战神)水星(Mercury)// 代表神摩丘力Hermes(商业、旅行与偷窃之神)土星(Saturn) 代表神克隆纳斯(kronus)天王星(Uranus)-天王星是古希腊传说中的天界之神，最早的天神。

他也是克罗那斯（Cronus,土星）、独眼巨人（Cyclopes）和泰坦巨神（Titans，奥林匹亚众神的始祖）的父亲，妻子则是大地之母盖娅（Gaia）。

Athens Sparta polis城邦ruled by the leader owning aristocrat or the slave-turned king. archons首席执政官solon梭伦Cleisthenes 克里斯提尼Draco德拉古。

Socrates苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图The School of Athens 。

Apology辩解篇padres理想国Aristotle亚里士多德science logic。

Cynics 犬儒主义Epic poetry长篇史诗Homer Iliad Odyssey 奥德赛--Trojan war Lyric poetry Callimachus—Hymns Theocritus—The Syracusan Woman The GracesDrama 戏剧Aeschylus—Prometheus Bound，Agamemnon，the PersiansSophocles----Oedipus the king，Oedipus Complex恋母情结Electra，AntigoneEuripides ----Medea ，Trojan Women Electra Complex恋父情结Parthenon帕特农神殿Pantheon 万神庙Discobolis ，Disous Thrower 掷铁饼者Laocoon Group拉奥孔人物组雕Venus De Mile断臂维纳斯Julius Caesar 凯撒---Commentaries on the Gallic War ，The Civil War。

西方文化导论

Something special of the Ancient Olympic Games
• Women were not allowed to go and watch . • Each competitor covered his body with olive to highlight his physique, and then competed in the nude. • People who won the game would get a branch of olive as the highest honor. • Heracles and his father Zeus
The spirits of the Olympic are: Fair competition , Get to know each other, friendship, unity and equality.
Motto: Faster, Higher, Stronger.
the first Modern Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games
1894 the International Olympic Committee
(IOC) was formed in Lausanne, Switzerland . (Baron Pierre de Coubertin ) the first Modern Olympic Games were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896 .
The Olympic Flame
• The Olympic flame is the symbol of the Olympic games. The Olympic Torch today is ignited several months before the opening ceremony of the Olympic games at the Temple of Hera by the eleven women.

西方文化课程小测验汇总(Unit 1-2-4-6-9+Unit 1-5)-共享版(1)

Unit 1 Fine Arts and MusicMultiple choice questions1.Leonardo da Vinci was born at the right time, which was called______________?A. Independence.B. Renaissance.C. Civil war.D. Roman Glory.2. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a _______________ painter of Dutch origin.A. post-ImpressionistB. realisticC. romanticD. naturalistic3. Which of following is not Leonardo da Vinci’s woks ____________?A. Mona LisaB. The Last SupperC. Die Taufe ChristiD. Starry night4. Which of the following is Monet’s works_______?A. Sunset at Montmajour. Van Gogh’sB. Le Bassin aux NympheasC. Sunflowers. Van Gogh’sD. The Last Supper da Vinci5. Which of the following of four principles to stimulate and encourage creative genius Leonardo da Vinci left is NOT true?A.Study the science of art.B.Study the art of science.C.Study the skill of paintings.D.Develop all your senses, especially your ability to see and realize everythingconnects, in some way, to everything else.True or false questions1.Leonardo da Vinci went to Florence to study art on his own when he was a teenager.(F) with his father2.Renaissance is a time of rebirth when people who had forgotten how to be curiousbecame curious again. (T)3.Leonardo da Vinci finished his horse finally before he died. (F) and last it wasnothing but a pile of mud stuck with arrows4.For roughly a century, the painting Sunflowers was considered a fake (F)5.Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky is widely credited with making the world’sfirst truly abstract paintings. (T)Unit 2 MythologyMultiple choice questions1.Where is the cradle (摇篮)of western civilization?A. MesopotamiaB. EgyptC. The Indus RiverD. The Yellow River2. Which word is the synonym（同义词） of treachery?A. enchantment（魅力）B. glimpseC. betrayalD. fragment（碎片）3.What does “Abraham” mean?A.The father is exalted (Abram)B.The father of multitudes （大众）C.Merchant (Cannaanite)nd of purple (Canna)4.He was ultimately overthrown and the country ＿＿ chaos.A. lapsed into（逐渐陷入）B. paid forC. bewared of（当心）D. resided in（住在，渗透）5. The strength of Greek mythology consists in its ＿＿.A. plotsB. charactersC. collective nature（集体性质）D. authorsTrue or false questions1.The belief systems of the Egyptians and Greeks are readily accessible. (T)2.Different myths tackle the great questions in the same way. (F) in distinct ways3.The story of Israelites begins with the story of Noah. (F) Abraham4.Patriarch refers more specifically to Abraham and his descendants Isaac, Jacob, andJoseph. (T)5.Roman mythology and Greek mythology have nothing in common. (F)Unit 4 Architecture and National CharacterMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings contributed greatly to the architecture of new work atCanterbury(坎特伯雷大教堂)?A. the use of rib vaults(肋骨拱顶) and pointed archesB. graceful columnsC. the flying buttresses(飞梁结构)D. all of the above2.Why was Gothic architecture built with large stained-glass windows according toPassage C?A.For aesthetic value.B.So that God’s light could shine throughout the building.C.So that God can hear the prayers of his people.D.In order to build the architecture higher since the glass is lighter than theconcrete and bricks.3.Which historical painting is not included in the frescoed frieze（壁画） of The USCapitol Rotunda（美国国会大厦）?A. Baptism of PocahontasB. Landing of ColumbusC. Declaration of IndependenceD. The Apotheosis of Washington4.All the following statements about the Colosseum are true except______A.It is the largest amphitheatre in the Roman world.B.It was opened in AD 80 by Emperor Vespasian to shore up his shaky regime.（支撑他摇摇晃晃的政权） V espasian’s son and successor(继承者)C.It was a grand political gesture.D.The construction of it followed the classic model of Greek temple.5.Which of the following descriptions of the US Capitol Building is NOT true?A.It is located in Washington, D.C.B.It is the place where the Senate（参议院） and the House of Representatives（众议院）come together to craft the country’s laws.C.It is divided into four levels. (five levels)D.It is 19th-century neoclassical （新古典主义）architecture.True or false questions1.On the second floor of the Capitol Building, visitors can visit the chambers of the House of Representatives and the Senate as well as the Congress in session(在会议中) (F) as well as the offices of congressional leadership2.Much of the detail concerning the building of the Colosseum was worked out beforethe building started. (T)3.The Rotunda was intended to recall the Pantheon(万神庙), the ancient Roman temple. (T)4.The Colosseum had many stone socles（底座） which once held the masts（桅杆） used to support the awnings（雨棚） to shade about a half of thespectators. (F) one third of5.The Westminster Abbey(教堂) was one of the first and finest examples of the Decorated style in the late 16th-century English Gothic architecture. (F) late 13th- and 14th-centuryUnit 5 Work EthicsMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings is not considered as work ethics?A. Integrity.（正直）B. Honesty.C. Intelligence.D. Sense of teamwork.2. When an employee finds his or her colleague has committed ethical misconduct（行为不当）, he wants to reveal it to the public, we can say he is to_______________.A. blow the whistle （告发）B. blow the windC. kick the bucket （翘辫子）D. address the issue （着手解决问题）3. Some reasonable alternatives to whistle-blowing include ____________.A. mediation （调停）B. strict supervisionC. continuing educationD. all of the above4.Which of the following is not for effective communication skills?A.Develop effective listening skills.B.Engage audience and make eye contact.C.Manifest（表现出） constructive attitudes and beliefs.D.Emphasize quality.5.Which of the following explanations of whistle-blower is NOT true?A.A person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is illegal.B.A person who discloses unethical or incorrect conducts within an organization.C.A person who supervise others who have wrong behaviors.D.A person who discloses information to authorities about his colleague out ofpersonal “pay back”.True or false questions1.Defamation（诽谤） can take two forms: the harmful written and oral statements.(T)2.Integrity means fair and equal in word and action. (F) honest, just, and consistentin word and deed.3.Both good communications skills and good command of academic knowledgecontribute to a strong work ethic. (F) develop integrity; positive communication skills; a can-do attitude; accomplishing all things as if they were great and noble 4.In the perspective of work ethic, the small office tasks are as great and noble assome great tasks. (T)5.Cheating on exams and copying others’ homework are considered as ethicalmisconduct of students. (T)Unit 6 Ritual and EtiquetteMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings is not considered as the appropriate table manners?A.Eat as soon as you are served.B.Do not talk with your mouth full.C.Put the napkin on your leg before eating.D.Do not make sound with eating the soup .2.Which of the followings is not among the utensils(器具) for informal table setting?A. Dinner plateB. TeaspoonC. Coffee cup and saucerD. Centrepiece （置于桌子中央的装饰品）3.For Muslims, the importance of Ramadan does not includes____________.A.It helps develop a closer relationship with God.B.It is a time to think about the less fortunate.C.It is a great occasion for families to get together with each other.D.It is a chance to learn thankfulness and appreciation.4.What are the common ways of celebrating Ramadan?A. Fasting.B. Pray.C. Takbeer.（大赞词）D. All of the above5.Which of the following descriptions of Egyptian tomb is NOT true?A.It contained some sort of provision for afterlife.（对余生的规定）B.Most are built of concrete and steel.C.It became increasingly important as Egyptian civilization advanced.D.It eventually advanced in the form of “true pyramid”.True or false questions1.Putting the napkin on the chair is a sign to show your temporary leaving. (T)2.Knife goes to the right of spoon. (F) plate3.The formal table setting differs from informal one in the amount of utensils thatmight be used and decorations of the table. (T)4.During Ramadan, Muslims won’t eat anything at any time in order to fast. (F) theymay not eat or drink anything including water while the sun is shining.5.The body of all the deceased(已故的) in Egypt will be preserved in the same wayin the practice of Mummification.（木乃伊化） (F) there were 3 levels of quality and corresponding price in Egyptian burialUnit 9 The Rise and Fall of Greco-Roman Civilization Multiple choice questions1. Which of the following innovations were not mentioned in building the ancient Rome? aqueducts(引水渠); concrete; newspapers; welfare; bound books; roads and highways; the Julian calendar; battlefield surgeryA. ConcreteB. NewspaperC. HighwaysD. Gregorian calendar (公历年)2. Which of the following is NOT a factor of Rome’s fall?A. Attacks by barbarians （野蛮人）B. Plague (瘟疫)C. Social changesD. The death of Marcus Aurelius （罗马皇帝）3. The use of the aqueducts made the Romans enjoyed many amenities（便利设施）, except _____.A. public toiletsB. underground sewage（下水道） systemC. fountainsD. free laundry service4. Among the following names, who was NOT a Greek?A. Caesar （凯撒，古罗马将军）B. AlexanderC. Archimedes （阿基米德）D. Socrates （苏格拉底）5. Constantinople（君士坦丁堡） was ________.A. located in the Latin West(Greek East)B. a city of Christianity(基督教)C.associated with Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A. (be akin to moving the US capitalfrom Washington, DC to Lincoln, Nebraska)D.renamed by Constantine (now renamed)True or false questions1.Papyrus（草纸） was invented by the ancient Romans. (F) Caesar created an earlyversion of a codex(法典) by stacking pages of papyrus to form a primitive notebook 2.The Aqua Virgo was one of ancient Rome’s 11 aqueducts. (T)supplied water toTrevi Fountain3.The women’s status in the ancient Greece was higher than that of men. (F)4.Barbarians was named thus because they offered the best barbers(理发师) in thehistory.(F)5.Constantine’s economic policy of minting （铸造钱币）abundant smaller bronzecoins caused serious inflation（通货膨胀）. (T)。

西方文化导论课后习题答案

(1) Give a brief account of the major achievements of Greek culture, such as those in religion, philosophy, literature and science.Greek religion really took shape during the Homeric Age and featured polytheism with gods taking human form and feeling. Greek religion made a great contribution to Greek literature, philosophy and art. It is an important origin of Greek mythology which was fully developed by the religious tales of the Homeric epic and thus affected the later development of all kinds of Greek culture.Greek philosophy started with Thales (640 BC–547 BC) who believed that the material world originated in water. His philosophy was materialism. He was followed by Pythagoras who assumed that the key to the understanding of the world is numbers, on the opposition of the spokesman for idealism.The core Greek philosophers are Socrates, Plato and Aristotle. Socrates had scant regard for material wealth, but was keen on probing into the definition of some ethical and behavioral issues, such as “friendship”and “courage”.Plato established the Academy －the first Greek institution of higher learning. His contributions included his theory of ideas and his arguments on “republic”which was supposed to embrace his ideals about a future state where humans could enjoy a happy life. Aristotle is also a learned man and his work covers wide-ranging areas. His reputation as a philosopher largely depends on his argument on metaphysics which he tried to achieve a compromise between matter and divinity. Literary representation centred round the two epic poems of the Iliad and the Odyssey, lyrical poetry by Sappho and Pindar and drama by Aeschylus, Euripides and Aristophanes. Their works combined Greek myths and social life and won much appreciation and enthusiasm from the public.In science the mathematician Euclid established plane geometry and Archimedes discovered the ratio of radius of a circle and the relationship between the volume and surface of a sphere.(2) What do you think of the influence Greek culture has exerted on Western civilization as a whole? Give examples.Greek culture is often termed the cradle of the Western civilization and has had an enormous impact on Western culture. The specific contributions are found in the areas of philosophy, politics, literature, art, science and architecture.Greek politics was one of the greatest influences on the Western civilization. The Greeks were the first to successfully create a government based on the consensus of the people and thus provided a foundation for Western democracy.The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.Later generations of Westerners have benefited a lot from Greek culture, such as those in painting, sculpture, architecture, drama, poetry and historical works. Classicism had Greek culture as one of the crucial sources, and this has helped Westerners so much that they ascribed the origin of the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.Chapter 21. Tell briefly the major characteristics and contributions of Roman culture, as are demonstrated in religion, poetry, history and architecture.In the early period, Roman culture often depended heavily on the introduction and imitation of other cultures, particularly, Greek culture. Thus Romans created their own powerful culture, laying the foundation for subsequent Western culture in many fields. According to Greek culture and others’ culture; they created their own gods and myth, In poetry, ancient Rome made brilliant achievements,Livy was responsible for the great History of Rome in 142 volumes. His work has always been cited by later statesmen, writers or scholars,The architecture of Ancient Rome adopted the Greek style for its own purposes, but the Romans also developed a new kind.2. In what sense do you think Roman culture owed its accomplishments to the benefits obtained from Greek culture? Give examples.Roman culture learned and inherited a lot from Greek culture.,religion, philosophy and literature. In religion, Rome had its own system of beliefs which had been simple and could hardly compare with the plurality of Greek religion. The same is true of Roman philosophy where we could find examples ,In literature, Roman men of letters also borrowed a All in all, the two cultures are closely linkedgreat deal from Greek culture.Chapter 31. How was the Jewish civilization developed after a tortuous history of split and unification? The major explanation for the development of the Jewish civilization is its strong cohesiveness and vitality,they put into effect their Judaist beliefs and what they read of Judaist scriptures.From then on Jews have begun to become aware of the necessicity to liberate themselves from the restrictive laws and acquire new knowledge and modern ideas from the Europeans, Most of Jews thus received a good education, fully armed with cultural and scientific knowledge and did well in their own position they could quickly turn it into a well developed nation in spite of its small size and small population .2．Say something about Judaism and The Old Testament.The Old Testament is the Judaist Bible. It was written in Hebrew, including the three parts：Pentateuch, Prophets and Hagiographa and Apocrypha. After The Old Testament was translated into Greek by Jewish scholars，many westerners began to understand Judaism by reading this book. It is not only of religious value but also of literatry value.Chapter 41. What are the main components of Christianity and why could it be accepted as the official religion first by the Roman Empire and then by the following kingdoms or empires in Europe?(1)The main components of Christianity are ：1) The Bible as the only Christian scripture;Major Christian doctrines about Trinity and Redemption;3) Other doctrines or events of Christianity:(2 )Christianity is accepted and popular in Europe because of these factors:1).For the common people in the empire ,they needed something to fill up their spiritual vacuum. Christianity could play such a role.2). It could work together with any secular regimes to offer necessary assistance.3). The name and influence of Christiaity would be a symbol of sacredness and justification,4) Christianity is also a kind of culture, it could be tolerated because their life and propertycould thus be secured in the changed circumstances.2. What are the basic differences between Christianity and Judaism?In spite of the fact that the two religions derived from Jewish culture, there are some basic differences between them.First is the different image of God.Second is different view of God. Jehovah is viewed He is like fire or wind .God is kinder and more helpful, Third is the different position each religion is located in and hence would make different contribution. Fourth is Jehovah was important to Jews only in theory and affect them in spirit occasionally while Christianity moved into secular life for the Westerner as Pope and churches became very powerful .Chapter 61.Tell simply the background and development of the Renaissance.It was no accident that it first occurred in Florence and Italy where the early signs of capitalism had appeared at the same time as social chaos, political disputes and military clashes , more and more people began to suspect the justification for those who held the power,Painting and sculpture were the first area to reflect the change of subjects and tastes.(2) What are the major features and achievements of the Renaissance? Give examples.The Renaissance is characterised by seeking ideological emancipation, intellectual freedom and political awareness, based on cultural production and religious reformation. All these were undertaken or unfolded gradually but widely, extending its influences to every corner of Europe, with more and more people getting involved.The achievements were seen principally in six areas, namely, painting, sculpture, poetry, fiction, drama and religious reformation as well as the change in the cultural and intellectual climate. Instances could be located in these areas, such as the huge change of subjects and styles in painting. The medieval painting used to centre on depicting Jesus Christ and other Christian subjects, not only effecting similar and the limited subject matter, but also depicting stylistically facial expressions and manners. The great artists in the Renaissance started to focus on the images with individualistic temperament, highlighting humanity instead of divinity, thus breaking away from the medieval frozen models and linking classicalism with human nature as the centre of their representational work.。

《西方文化导论》(Quiz)

The Punic Wars were a series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. 公元前264～前146年古代罗马与迦太基之间的 3次战争。罗马人称迦太基人为“布匿”，故名。第一、二次布匿战争是作战双方为争夺西部地中海霸权而进行的扩张战争，第三次布匿战争则是罗马以强凌弱的侵略战争。
(3) ____was the first emperor in Roman Empire from 27 BC to 14 AD.
A. Caesar
B. Octavian C. Remus D. Pompey
(P.32-33)
(4) The First Triumvirate consisted of ____. A. Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Sulla B. Pompey, Crassus, Cleopatra C. Pompey, Crassus, Julius Caesar D. Octavian, Brutus, Marius
In history, Israelite monarchy prospered with the three kings, Saul, ____. A. David and Solomon B. Moses and David C. Jacob and David D. Jacob and Solomon
D. Free Churches
Unit 5
Text True orStudy false _6_5 questions. __ F (1) Since the medieval culture retarded during almost 1000 years development, this period never enhanced Western human civilization in history. __ T (2 three parts after Charlemagne’s death signified the weakening of the centralized system. __ T (3) The spirit of the Goths formed one part of the central features of the Christian Trinity. __ T (4) The hierarchical levels of the priesthood during Medieval Ages begin with the Pope as supreme leader, followed by cardinals, archbishops, bishops and the parish priest.

西方文化导论论文

In my opinion, the Ancient Greek Culture is one of the most shining parts in the western culture. It can be looked on as the start of the western civilization and the end of the barbarous age.Without the Greek Culture as the foundation, the development of the western countries can’t be so outstanding in the world.When we talk about the Ancient Greece, its democracy, economy, and colorful culture always occur to our minds.DemocracyAs early as the 6th century BC, the archon solon tried to reduce the power of the old aristocrats by establishing the jury system for legal judgments in order to restrict the rights of nobility. Then Cleisthenes carried out the legislative reform, by establishing the boule which was composed of five hundred representatives selected from each of ten demes. We should feel surprised at the high standard of the democracy. Even today, the democracy system is still in use.In America, the President Selection through the Senate and House of representatives just can’t be a better e xample of the great influence of the Greek democracy. The strength of the democracy system can reflect the power of people to some degree. What’s more, it makes a great contribution to the development of western politics.EconomyAs it’s known to all, good politics may have a positive effect on the economy. In the Ancient Greece, it proved to be true The economy of increasing prosperity .In this period, the use of iron tools instead of bronze ones leaded the further economic development .So the society was restructured, along class lines，based on the property ownership . City-states come into being, in this way, the civilization of Ancient Greece continued.CultureIt’s generally acknowledged that the Greek Culture is the most precious treasure left not only for Europe but also for the whole world.It falls into four categories, namely the Greek mythology and religion, the Greek art and science, the Greek literature, and the Greek philosophy.i.Greek mythologyAre you familiar with these names, such as Zeus, Athena, Apollo. They are the names of some major gods in the Greek mythology. According to Karl Marx, the Greek mythology is not only a treasure house, but also the soil for Greek art.So it’s certain that the religious tales became fully developed myths and thus contributed a lot to the later development of Greek art.In the Greek mythology, we can find numerous characteristics in the gods and goddesses. Sometimes we may find many tales reflected the feature and life of human beings.ii.Greek art and scienceWe can’t ignore the Greek art and science achievements because they are so amazing. Towards us, they’re so important in fully understanding the Greek Culture. The Greek art is made up of three main parts, they’re architecture, sculpture, and painting.You can find noble simplicity and calm grandeur from the greatest building in Athens, the Parthenon. In addition, you can also find the kindred art of vase decoration which will make you astonished.Then what about the science? As we know, the Greeks did three biggest things: astronomy, philosophy, and democracy. We can draw a conclusion that the geography, astronomy, and mathematics achievements were all remarkable.In this period, there’re some prestigious scholars. Pytheasapplied his solid scientific training primarily to geography. Hipparchus, he perfected measuring instruments and calculated the movements of stars .Another ever greater achievements are in mathematics and physics. The best known mathematician was Euclid who established the science of plan geometry. The other familiar name is Archimedes who discovered the principle of floatation and lever. His famous words “Give me a piece to stand, I will move the earth” impressed me most.iii.Greek literature and historyThe Greek literature is well-established for its epic, lyrical poetry, and drama. The most out-standing epics are Odyssey and Iliad written by Homer. The Trojan War takes up the most part. So we can see the epics related with the history. The person who is “the father of history” na med Herodotus. With his book Histories, which deals with the Persian Wars.Thanks to their works, we can fully witness what has happened during this time.iv.Greek philosophyWhen we talk about “Platonic Love”, we can think of the famous Plato, besides his teacher Socrates.Socrates had a reputation for irony and a sense of humor. And in my view, the Republic is his representative. In this work, Plato built up an ideal kingdom for us, his thoughts made much influence on the followers.Have you heard abou t “I love my teacher, but I love science more”. This is from Aristotle, he was regarded as the greatest thinker and most learned person of ancient times. His works cover wide ranging areas including philosophy, psychology, logic, rhetoric, literary, etc. His thoughts were completely different from Plato. He was a materialist. He indeed made great contribution to the Greek philosophy.Owing to this class: “Western Culture Introduction”, it makes megain a good knowledge of Greek Culture. We marvel at so many wonderful achievements made by the people in the old times. Meanwhile, I believe we can benefit a lot from the Greek Culture, and treasure it forever.。

大学《西方文化》知识点总结汇总

Unit 1Multiple choice questions1.Leonardo da Vinci was born at the right time, which was called______________?A. Independence.B. Renaissance.C. Civil war.D. Roman Glory.2. Vincent Willem van Gogh was a _______________ painter of Dutch origin.A. post-ImpressionistB. realisticC. romanticD. naturalistic3. Which of following is not Leonardo da Vinci’s woks ____________?A. Mona LisaB. The Last SupperC. Die Taufe ChristiD. Starry night4. Which of the following is Monet’s works_______?A. Sunset at Montmajour.B. Le Bassin aux NympheasC. Sunflowers.D. The Last Supper5. Which of the following of four principles to stimulate and encourage creative genius Leonardo da Vinci left is NOT true?A. Study the science of art.B. Study the art of science.C. Study the skill of paintings.D. Develop all your senses, especially your ability to see and realize everythingconnects, in some way, to everything else.True or false questions1.Leonardo da Vinci went to Florence to study art on his own when he was ateenager. (F)2.Renaissance is a time of rebirth when people who had forgotten how to be curiousbecame curious again. (T)3.Leonardo da Vinci finished his horse finally before he died. (F)4.For roughly a century, the painting Sunflowers was considered a fake (F)5.Russian-born artist Wassily Kandinsky is widely credited with making the world’sfirst truly abstract paintings. (T)Unit 2 MythologyMultiple choice questions1.Where is the cradle of western civilization?A. MesopotamiaB. EgyptC. The Indus RiverD. The Y ellow River2. Which word is the synonym of treachery?A. enchantmentB. glimpseC. betrayalD. fragment3. What does “Abraham” mean?A. The father is exaltedB. The father of multitudesC. MerchantD. Land of purple4. He was ultimately overthrown and the country＿＿chaos.A. lapsed intoB. paid forC. bewared ofD. resided in5. The strength of Greek mythology consists in its ＿＿.A. plotsB. charactersC. collective natureD. authorsTrue or false questions1.The belief systems of the Egyptians and Greeks are readily accessible. (T)2.Different myths tackle the great questions in the same way. (F)3.The story of Israelites begins with the story of Noah. (F)4.Patriarch refers more specifically to Abraham and his descendants Isaac, Jacob,and Joseph. (T)5.Roman mythology and Greek mythology have nothing in common. (F)Unit 4 Architecture and National CharacterMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings contributed greatly to the architecture of new work atCanterbury?A. the use of rib vaults and pointed archesB. graceful columnsC. the flying buttressesD. all of the above2. Why was Gothic architecture built with large stained-glass windows according toPassage C?A. For aesthetic value.B. So that God’s light could shine throughout the building.C. So that God can hear the prayers of his people.D. In order to build the architecture higher since the glass is lighter than theconcrete and bricks.3. Which historical painting is not included in the frescoed frieze of The US CapitolRotunda?A. Baptism of PocahontasB. Landing of ColumbusC. Declaration of IndependenceD. The Apotheosis of W ashington4. All the following statements about the Colosseum are true exceptA. It is the largest amphitheatre in the Roman world.B. It was opened in AD 80 by Emperor Vespasian to shore up his shaky regime.C. It was a grand political gesture.D. The construction of it followed the classic model of Greek temple.5. Which of the following descriptions of the US Capitol Building is NOT true?A. It is located in Washington, D.C.B. It is the place where the Senate and the House of Representatives cometogether to craft the country’s laws.C. It is divided into four levels.D. It is 19th-century neoclassical architecture.True or false questions1. On the second floor of the Capitol Building, visitors can visit the chambers of the House of Representatives and the Senate as well as the Congress in session (F)2. Much of the detail concerning the building of the Colosseum was worked outbefore the building started. (T)3. The Rotunda was intended to recall the Pantheon, the ancient Roman temple. (T)4. The Colosseum had many stone socles which once held the masts used to supportthe awnings to shade about a half of the spectators. (F)5. The Westminster Abbey was one of the first and finest examples of Decorated style in the late 16th-century English Gothic architecture. (F)Unit 5 Work EthicsMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings is not considered as work ethics?A. Integrity.B. Honesty.C. Intelligence.D. Sense of teamwork.2. When an employee finds his or her colleague has committed ethical misconduct, hewants to reveal it to the public, we can say he is to _______________.A. blow the whistleB. blow the windC. kick the bucketD. address the issue3. Some reasonable alternatives to whistle-blowing include ____________.A. mediationB. strict supervisionC. continuing educationD. all of the above4. Which of the following is not for effective communication skills?A. Develop effective listening skills.B. Engage audience and make eye contact.C. Manifest constructive attitudes and beliefs.D. Emphasize quality.5. Which of the following explanations of whistle-blower is NOT true?A. A person who exposes any kind of information or activity that is illegal.B. A person who discloses unethicalor incorrect conducts within an organization.C. A person who supervise others who have wrong behaviors.D. A person who discloses information to authorities about his colleague out ofpersonal “pay back”.True or false questions1.Defamation can take two forms: the harmful written and oral statements. (T)2.Integrity means fair and equal in word and action. (F)3.Both good communications skills and good command of academic knowledgecontribute to a strong work ethic. (F)4.In the perspective of work ethic, the small office tasks are as great and noble assome great tasks. (T)5.Cheating on exams and copying others’homework are considered as ethicalmisconduct of students. (T)Unit 6 Ritual and EtiquetteMultiple choice questions1.Which of the followings is not considered as the appropriate table manners?A. Eat as soon as you are served.B. Do not talk with your mouth full.C. Put the napkin on your leg before eating.D. Do not make sound with eating the soup .2. Which of the followings is not among the utensils for informal table setting?A. Dinner plateB. TeaspoonC. Coffee cup and saucerD. Centrepiece3. For Muslims, the importance of Ramadan does not includes ____________.A. It helps develop a closer relationship with God.B. It is a time to think about the less fortunate.C. It is a great occasion for families to get together each other.D. It is a chance to learn thankfulness and appreciation.4. What are the common ways of celebrating Ramadan?A. Fasting.B. Pray.C. Takbeer.D. All of the above5. Which of the following descriptions of Egyptian tomb is NOT true?A. It contained some sort of provision for afterlife.B. Most are built of concrete and steel.C. It became increasingly important as Egyptian civilization advanced.D. It eventually advanced in the form of “true pyramid”.True or false questions1.Putting the napkin on the chair is a sign to show your temporary leaving. (T)2. Knife goes to the right of spoon. (F)3.The formal table setting differs from informal one in the amount of utensils thatmight be used and decorations of the table. (T)4.During Ramadan, Muslims won’t eat anything at any time in order to fast. (F)5.The body of all the deceased in Egypt will be preserved in the same way in thepractice of Mummification. (F)Unit 9 The Rise and Fall of Greco-Roman Civilization Multiple choice questions1. Which of the following innovations were not mentioned in building the ancient Rome?A. ConcreteB. NewspaperC. HighwaysD. Gregorian calendar2. Which of the following is NOT a factor of Rome’s fall?A. Attacks by barbariansB. PlagueC. Social changesD. The death of Marcus Aurelius3. The use of the aqueducts made the Romans enjoyed many amenities, except _____.A. public toiletsB. underground sewage systemC. fountainsD. free laundry service4. Among the following names, who was NOT a Greek?A. CaesarB. AlexanderC. ArchimedesD. Socrates5. Constantinople was ________.A. located in the Latin WestB.a city of ChristianityC. associated with Lincoln, Nebraska, U.S.A.D. renamed by ConstantineTrue or false questions1.Papyrus was invented by the ancient Romans. (F)2.The Aqua Virgo was one of ancient Rome’s 11 aqueducts. (T)3.The women’s status in the ancient Greece was higher than that of men. (F)4.Barbarians was named thus because they offered the best barbers in the history.(F)5.Constantine’s economic policy of minting abundant smaller bronze coins causedserious inflation. (T)。

西方文化导论课程设计

西方文化导论课程设计一、介绍本课程是关于西方文化的一门导论性课程，旨在为学生提供对西方文化基本概念和主要历史事件的了解。

本课程主要涉及西方哲学、艺术、文学、宗教、政治和社会等方面。

学生通过学习本课程，将能够对西方文化的影响有一个更深入的理解。

二、课程目标本课程的主要目标是：1.了解西方文化的基本概念和主要历史事件；2.理解西方哲学、艺术、文学、宗教、政治和社会的发展过程及其对现代社会的影响；3.学习如何分析、评价和比较西方文化和其他文化的异同；4.培养学生的批判思维和分析能力。

三、课程内容1.西方文化的概述–西方文化的定义和历史发展–西方文化和其他文化的比较2.西方哲学–古希腊哲学–文艺复兴时期的人文主义和理性主义–现代哲学3.西方艺术–古希腊艺术–文艺复兴时期的绘画和建筑–现代艺术4.西方文学–古希腊和罗马文学–文艺复兴时期的文学–现代文学5.西方宗教–基督教–伊斯兰教6.西方政治和社会–古希腊和罗马政治制度–民主制度和社会福利制度–现代社会和文化问题四、课程安排本课程共分为15周，每周授课3小时，具体安排如下：周次课程内容教学方法1-2周西方文化的概述讲授3-4周古希腊哲学讲授加讨论周次课程内容教学方法5-6周文艺复兴时期的人文主义和理性主义讲授加讨论7-8周古希腊艺术讲授加观摩9-10周基督教讲授加讨论11-12周民主制度和社会福利制度讲授加讨论13-14周现代社会和文化问题讲授加讨论15周总结和回顾讲授加讨论五、评分标准本课程的考核方式包括平时表现、小组报告和期末论文，具体占比如下：考核方式占比平时表现30%小组报告40%期末论文30%平时表现包括出勤率、课堂表现和作业完成情况；小组报告包括主题选择、内容撰写和演讲表现；期末论文要求学生对所学内容进行深入阐述和分析。

六、参考资料1.Bland, S. (2012). Introducing cultural studies:learning through practice. Sage.2.Connor, S. (2011). The Cambridge companion to postmodernism. Cambridge University Press.3.Eagleton, T. (2000). The idea of culture. Wiley-Blackwell.4.Roberts, K. (2003). The Cambridge companion to American realism and naturalism: from Howells to London. Cambridge University Press.。

西方文化导论课件Unit

(1) Italy’s prosperous trade and production of handicraft, which furnished a material basis for cultural development
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Text Study
(2) its rich variety of urban social life coinciding with the emergence of more cities where manufacturing and commercial activities called for the vigorous development of cultural life
中世纪（Middle Ages）（约公元476年~公元1453年），是欧洲历史
上的一个时代（主要是西欧），自西罗马帝国灭亡（公元476年）到东罗马帝国灭亡（公元1453年）的这段时期。这个时期的欧洲没有一个强有力的政权来统治。封建割据带来频繁的战争，造成科技和生产力发展停滞，人民生活在毫无希望的痛苦中，所以中世纪或者中世纪早期在欧美普遍被称作“黑暗时代”，传统上认为这是欧洲文明史上发展比较缓慢的时期。
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Text Study
monastic chapter 教会或修道院管理处: a Christian administrative office within the church
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Text Study
Factors that contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance:

西方文化导论ancientGreece教案

西方文化导论：古希腊教案一、教学目标1. 了解古希腊的历史背景、地理环境及其对文化的影响。

2. 掌握古希腊的哲学思想、文学艺术及其对后世的影响。

3. 理解古希腊的政治制度、社会结构及其对现代民主制度的启示。

4. 培养学生的批判性思维能力、跨文化交际能力及自主学习能力。

二、教学内容1. 古希腊历史背景：荷马时代、古风时代、古典时代等。

2. 古希腊地理环境：希腊半岛、爱琴海、地中海等。

3. 古希腊哲学思想：苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多德等。

4. 古希腊文学艺术：悲剧、喜剧、史诗、雕塑、建筑等。

5. 古希腊政治制度：城邦制度、民主制度、寡头政治等。

6. 古希腊社会结构：贵族、平民、奴隶等。

三、教学方法1. 讲座法：教师讲解古希腊的历史、哲学、文学、艺术等知识。

2. 讨论法：学生分组讨论古希腊政治制度、社会结构等话题。

3. 案例分析法：分析古希腊著名城邦雅典的政治、经济、文化等特点。

4. 比较法：比较古希腊与其他文明古国的异同，如古埃及、巴比伦等。

四、教学评价1. 课堂参与度：学生提问、回答问题、讨论等积极性。

2. 小组讨论报告：学生对古希腊政治制度、社会结构的深入分析。

4. 期末考试：考查学生对古希腊文化导论的整体掌握情况。

五、教学资源1. 教材：西方文化导论相关教材、古希腊历史、哲学、文学等著作。

2. 课件：教师制作的课件、图片、地图等。

3. 影视资料：关于古希腊的纪录片、电影等。

4. 网络资源：相关古希腊文化的网站、学术文章等。

六、教学安排1. 第1-2周：古希腊历史背景及地理环境2. 第3-4周：古希腊哲学思想及其影响3. 第5-6周：古希腊文学艺术的特点及成就4. 第7-8周：古希腊政治制度与社会结构5. 第9-10周：古希腊文化对后世的影响及现代启示七、教学活动1. 第1-2周：讲座、讨论、案例分析等方式介绍古希腊历史背景及地理环境。

2. 第3-4周：讲座、小组讨论、比较等方式探讨古希腊哲学思想及其影响。

美国文化概论第9单元

美国文化概论第9单元Unit 9SocialMovementsof the 1960sSocial Movements Definition & Features●They are large informal groupings of individuals or organizations focused on specific political or social issues.●Modern Western social movements became possible through education, and increased mobility of labor due to the industrialization and urbanization of 19th century societies.Social Movements Definition & Features●The freedom of expression, education and relative economic independence prevalent in the modern Western culture is responsible for the contemporary social movements.●social movements have been closely connected with democractic political systems.Social Movements Types of Social Movements (scope)●R eform move ment -movements advocating changing some norms or laws.*Trade reunion with a goal of increasing workers’rights; (Britain, US, France, Germany) * a green movement advocating a set of ecological laws (Green Peace Org.)●Radic al movement-movements dedicated to changing value systems in a fundamental way. *the American Civil Rights movementThree ImportantSocial Movementsin US1.The Civil Rights Movement2.The Youth Anti-War Movement3.The Women’s LiberationMovementHistorical Background●The end of WWII,1960sWhite Men:veterans/ survivors; well education; home ownership; plentiful welfareMiddle-class white women:well-educated; less money and few opportunities in jobs; housewives and mothers with several children American blacks:●Living outside of Southern states: good life●Living in the Southern states: suffered from the segregation lawsThey Are Dissatisfied!●Afro-Americans●Young people●Middle-class WomenThey Want:●Justice●Equality●Antisegregation●Individu alism●Rights to choose own lifestyleThe Civil RightsMovement Definition●The civil rights movement in the United States includes noted legislation and organized efforts to abolish public and private acts of racial discrimiantion on Afican Americans and other disadvantaged groups between 1954 to 1968, particularlyin the southern United States.●It is one of the most important of all social movements in the 1960s in AmericaImportant EventsRosa Park, Montgomery1955“Sit-in”at Greensboro,1960Organizations ●CORE, James Farmer●The Congress of Racial Equality●SCLC, Martin Luther King●The Southern Christian Leadership Conference●SNCC, Ella Baker●The Student Nonviolent Coordinating CommitteeTacticsPage 136●“sit-in”●“freedom rides”●Voter r egistration●Peaceful demonstration●1963, Washington D.C., Martin Luther King,“I have a dream”speechResults:The Civil Rights Act, 1964,signed by President JohnsonRelated Political IssuesPresident KennedyAssassination,Texas●Democrat●Roman CatholicThe Youth MovementStage I After “Freedom Summer”1964●Lost respect for government authority●Had seen Southern mayors or governors refusing to obey federal laws●They gave speeches on the civil rights movement and nonviolence●Oct., 1964, Univers ity of California at Berkeley,a CORE organizer, collecting money, arrested●“Free Speech Movement”began with successThe Youth MovementStage II Counterculture●Express their disagreements with themainstream culture in a non-violent way●Became “Hippies”●Drugs, rocks, weird and exotic fashion, living inlarge groups●“Beat Generation”in literature●Drop out of school and even societyThe Youth MovementStage III The Anti-War Movement●Mobilization Committees to End the War in Vietnam●Including church gr oups, SNCC, SDSDirect Action Strategies:●Teach-in on college campuses, protest marches and rallies, attacks on federal offices●Results: a peace treaty with Vietnam, 1973The Women’s MovementThree Groups of Women:1.Professionals assigned to a Commission on theStatus of Women, President Kennedy, 19612.Housewives and mothers who read The FeminineMystique by Betty Friedan3.Young women activists in the civil rights movement andAnti-war movement●1966, NOW (National Organization for Women)●1975, The United Nations’World Conference onWomenThe Women’s MovementChanges that American women claim:●Equal pay for equal work; equal opportunity forjobs, esp. in fields of science, technology,management and politics●Changes in social practices and a ttitudestoward women: women were not inferior tomen in intelligence or ability●Feminine, stereotype。

西方文化导论(第二版)

西方文化导论(第二版)概述西方文化导论是一本系统介绍和探讨西方文化的教材，第二版在第一版的基础上进行了内容的更新和扩充。

本文档将对第二版的主要章节进行概述和简要介绍。

第一章：文化概念与西方文化特点第一章主要介绍了文化的概念以及西方文化的特点。

通过对文化的定义和内涵进行探讨，帮助读者建立对文化的基本理解。

接着，本章列举了西方文化的特点，包括个人主义、进步和创新、法治精神等方面。

通过对西方文化特点的分析，读者将更好地理解西方社会的价值观和行为准则。

第二章：古希腊文化的形成与发展第二章主要讲述了古希腊文化的形成与发展。

通过对古希腊城邦制度、民主思想、哲学和艺术的详细介绍，读者可以了解到古希腊对西方文化的深远影响。

本章还探讨了古希腊神话、奥林匹克运动会等与古希腊文化相关的重要话题。

第三章：罗马文化的兴盛与衰落第三章主要介绍了罗马文化的兴盛与衰落。

通过对罗马帝国的建立、法律制度、建筑艺术等方面的讲解，读者可以了解到罗马文化的辉煌。

同时，本章还探讨了罗马帝国的衰落原因，包括内外因素的影响，为读者呈现了一个全面的罗马文化画卷。

第四章：基督教与中世纪文化第四章主要探讨了基督教与中世纪文化的关系。

通过对基督教教义、圣经、修道院制度等方面的介绍，读者可以更好地理解基督教对于西方文化的影响。

本章还讲解了中世纪文化的典型特征，包括封建制度、骑士精神等，为读者呈现了一个中世纪文化的全景图。

第五章：文艺复兴与人文主义第五章主要介绍了文艺复兴与人文主义运动。

通过对文艺复兴时期的艺术、文学、科学等方面的讲解，读者可以了解到文艺复兴对于西方文化的重要意义。

本章还探讨了人文主义的核心观点与价值观，为读者呈现了一个充满思想与创新的时代。

第六章：启蒙运动与近代西方文化第六章主要探讨了启蒙运动与近代西方文化。

通过对启蒙运动的起源、思想家以及影响的介绍，读者可以了解到启蒙运动对于近代西方文化的深刻影响。

本章还讲解了近代西方文化的主要发展特点，包括科学理性主义、人权思想等方面。

Unit1-题-西方文化导论

Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
_F_ (1) The play Oedipus at Colonus was written by _F_ Aristophanes. _T_ (2) Greek philosophy started with Aristotle.
Think and Discuss
Text Study
Think and Discuss
the Renaissance to it. This changed the intellectual conditions of the later medieval period and opened the way to the modern era in the West.
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (4) The Trojan War broke out at the end of ____.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
A. the Heroic Age B. the Golden Age C. the Cretan Civilization D. the Mycenaean Civilization
Think and Discuss
Text Study
Think and Discuss
The second significant influence was that of philosophy. The Socratic idea about ethics and knowledge helped the Westerners care more for the effect of knowledge and value of morality, both of which give sound guidance to people in the later years to improve and change the world outside themselves, i.e., human society and the natural world.

西方文化导论

• Bartholomew, James, son of haeus and Andrew form a group of three, all are surprised.
• Judas Iscariot, Peter and John form another group of three.
• Giovanni Maria Pala, an Italian musician, has indicated that the positions of hands and loaves of bread can be interpreted as notes on a musical staff, and if read from right to left, as was characteristic of Leonardo's writing, form a musical composition.
薛翠
• The Last Supper is a 15th century mural painting in Milan created by Leonardo da Vinci for his patron Duke Ludovico Sforza and his duchess • . It represents the scene of The Last Supper from the final days of Jesus as it is told in the Gospel of John 13:21, when Jesus announces that one of his Twelve Disciples would betray him.
speculations
• Some have identified the person to Jesus' right not as John the Apostle, but a woman, often purported to be Mary Magdalene. This speculation was the topic of the book The Templar Revelation (1997) by Lynn Picknett and Clive Prince, and plays a central role in Dan Brown's fiction novel The Da Vinci Code (2003).

西方文化导论Unit9

西方文化导论

西方文化导论Unit

《西方文化导论》课程教学大纲.doc

西方文化导论Unit9

西方文化导论考试范围

西方文化导论

西方文化课程小测验汇总(Unit 1-2-4-6-9+Unit 1-5)-共享版(1)

西方文化导论 课后习题答案

《西方文化导论》(Quiz)

西方文化导论论文

大学《西方文化》知识点总结汇总

西方文化导论课程设计

西方文化导论课件Unit

西方文化导论ancientGreece教案

美国文化概论第9单元

西方文化导论(第二版)

Unit1-题-西方文化导论

西方文化导论

西方文化导论课后习题答案