考博英语完形填空10类逻辑关系词整
考博英语题型
考博英语题型摘要:1.考博英语概述2.考博英语的题型及分值分布3.各种题型的备考策略4.总结正文:一、考博英语概述考博英语,全称为博士研究生入学考试英语,是我国博士研究生招生全国统一考试的一部分。
其主要目的是测试考生的英语语言运用能力,以确保考生具备良好的英语水平,能够胜任博士研究生阶段的学术研究和学习。
考博英语考试的成绩是衡量考生英语水平的重要依据,对于考生能否顺利进入博士研究生阶段具有重要意义。
二、考博英语的题型及分值分布考博英语考试分为听力、阅读理解、完形填空、翻译和写作五个部分,总分为100 分。
各部分的分值分布如下:1.听力:20 分,包括短文听力和长对话听力。
2.阅读理解:30 分,包括传统阅读和阅读新题型。
3.完形填空:10 分,测试考生的语言知识和语境理解能力。
4.翻译:10 分,主要测试考生的英汉互译能力。
5.写作:30 分,包括小作文和大作文,主要测试考生的英语书面表达能力。
三、各种题型的备考策略1.听力:多做听力练习,尤其是模拟试题和真题,提高听力水平和答题速度。
同时,注意积累常用词汇和短语,提高听力理解能力。
2.阅读理解:提高阅读速度和理解能力,善于捕捉文章的主旨和细节。
多做阅读练习,积累词汇和语法知识,提高阅读水平。
3.完形填空:熟悉完形填空题型,掌握解题技巧。
通过多做练习,提高对语境的理解和词汇运用能力。
4.翻译:熟悉英汉互译的技巧和方法,积累常用短语和句型。
通过练习,提高翻译准确性和表达能力。
5.写作:掌握写作技巧和方法,注重文章结构和逻辑性。
多做写作练习,提高英语书面表达能力。
四、总结考博英语考试是对考生英语水平的一次全面测试,各题型的备考需要有针对性地进行。
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
indeed, in fact, in any event / case, at no time, to tell the truth
做完型填空,需要把握各段落、句子之间的逻辑关系,这样才能加深对文章的全面理解,因此,应熟记表达各种不同逻辑关系的连词,这些逻辑关系词主要包括:
③下定义时所伴随的过度词:namely, in other words, that is to say, or rather
完形填空中要注意的连接词与连接语
一般把连接词与连接语分为以下三类:
1.表明事件发生的时间顺序:
then, first, at once, next, after that, previously, while, when, the following day, etc.
词要用虚拟语气,其形式为动词过去式。
例如:I’d rather you went by train, because I can’t bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad
weather.
③ 与“would rather”类似的句型还有
3)Effect:
as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus, so, etc.
4)Contrasting:
in / by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand, nevertheless, whereas, while, yet, however, but, etc.
考研英语完形填句常考的逻辑关系词
完形填空逻辑关系整理
完形填空逻辑关系整理一、逻辑关系题1.对立关系【前后内容的含义相互对立】●表示对立关系的标志词汇:while,whereas,unlike,contrary to,in contrast (to),rather than,on the contrary,by contrast, of,not...but...,against,ignore,conversely,opposite等2.转折关系【对立关系的一种】●与对立关系的区别:对立关系的两方完全相反,转折关系只要前后意思不一致即可●表示转折关系的标志词汇:but,however,yet,nevertheless,while,otherwise等●说明:由于转折关系以及让步关系都可以属于对立关系,所以表示这三种关系的部分标志词汇有时可以通用3.让步关系【对立关系的一种;让步即为退一步说,即使条件变了也不影响结果】●比转折关系的程度要浅一些●表示让步关系的标志词汇:although,though,while,even,even though,evenif,in spite of,anyway,despite,regardless of等4.一致性关系【前后内容表意一致,如并列关系】●并列关系●与对立、转折、让步关系相反,只要文章前后句语义一致,便是并列关系。
或者,只要看到表示并列关系的标志词汇,就可以判断出文章前后句的语义一致●表示并列关系的标志词汇:also,besides,along with,indeed,and,likewise,or,not only...but also...,(n)either...(n)or...,that is to say,similarly,in the same way,the same as,as well as,like,meanwhile等●其他一致性关系【没有表示并列关系的词汇,也没有表示对立、转折、让步等关系的标志词汇时,基本可以判定上下文之间存在一致性】●上下文语义一致【没有对立、转折、让步等逻辑关系时,可以默认上下文之间为并列或顺承关系,即上下文语义一致】●前后词类一致【在某一特定场景下用到同一类词】●感情色彩一致●同义复现【上下文中出现过与空格里所需选择的词相一致的词语或者与空格所在句子相一致的句型】5.递进关系【并列关系的一种,程度更深】●表示递进关系的标志词汇:indeed,above all,furthermore,what's more,moreover,still(与比较级连用时),instead,even,in particular等6.因果关系【包括因和果两个部分】●表原因:because,in that,now that,since,as,for,after all,as a result of,considering that,seeing that等●表结果:so(...) that(...),such that,as a result,lead to,consequently,therefore,hence,thus,so等7.总分关系/举例关系#非常重要●前后讲的是同一件事情,前面总述(通常有复数名词),后面分述(通常有单数名词),或者前后是同一个范畴内的事物,前总后分;或前面提到了一个较为抽象的事物或概念,后面将其具体化,实现从抽象到具体的过程●表示总分关系的标志词汇:for example,for instance,such as,to illustrate,like(比如),to take an example,let’s imagine,more specifically speaking,according to,in particular(放在例子后)等8.条件关系【一部分提到了某个条件或假设,其他部分则说明在这种条件或假设下会产生何种结果】●表示条件关系的标志词汇:if,so long as,only if,unless,as long as,supposethat,supposing,provided that,in case,when,with等9.列举关系●表示列举关系的标志词汇:first,second,last,to begin with/to continue,next,first/then,on one hand/on the other hand,for one thing/for another,one/another,some/others/still others等10.解题方法●同义相斥原则(看选项)●while,whereas都表示对立关系,但同时出现时,因为while比whereas更正式,故选择while●indeed和其他表示递进关系的标志词汇相比,更加注重强调,因此当逻辑关系是递进逻辑时,选择indeed●not题:在空格(题目)前后出现“not”单词●选择表示对立/转折/让步关系的标志词汇●除第一段以外的段首如果让填逻辑关系词,则选择对立关系词;若无对立关系词选项,则选择递进关系词●如果逻辑关系词前后内容有包容性,即总分关系,则选择举例关系词二、动词题1.根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系做题2.看主语—是人还是物●主语必须是人的动词:doubt,intend,require,regard,be impressed by,believe,notice等●主语必须是物的动词:manifest等●主语可以是人或物的动词:show等3.看宾语—是人还是物●只能跟人作宾语的谓语动词:assure,impress,side with(赞同),share with等●可跟人跟物的动词:ensure,agree with等●说明:在确定选项范围缩小至assure与ensure时,选择ensure;同理,在确定选项范围缩小至side with与agree with时,选择agree with4.看宾语—是抽象名词还是具体名词●抽象名词作宾语:enhance(quality)等●具体名词作宾语:fasten(系紧),label(贴标签),feed等●宾语既可以是抽象名词也可以是具体名词:tighten等●说明:在确定范围缩小至fasten与tighten时,选择tighten5.根据动词后的介词及介词后的宾语三、形容词题1.形容词作定语时,形容词修饰的名词是解题线索2.形容词作表语时,主语就是解题线索3.形容词修饰名词时,并且名词后有定语或同位语,则形容词修饰的名词、名词后的定语或同位语同时作为解题线索4.副词修饰形容词时,副词就是解题线索四、名词题1.名词作主语时,谓语和宾语就是解题线索2.名词作宾语时,主语和谓语就是解题线索3.名词作表语时,主语就是解题线索4.名词被定语修饰时,定语就是解题线索5.介词后填名词时,通常考察固定搭配五、副词题1.根据副词所修饰的对象来做题2.根据副词所在语境来做题3.根据文章中心来做题。
考研完型常见逻辑连接词
完型文章中常见的上下文(句)逻辑关系并列关系& 部分常用标志词和短语and, and also, or, neither……nor, either……or, not only……but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is (to say), as well as, same……as;递进关系& 部分常用标志词和短语also,then, besides, additionally, in addition, furthermore, moreover, what is more;indeed;因果关系& 部分常用标志词和短语because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…..that, such…..that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason;转折关系& 部分常用标志词和短语but, however, yet, contrarily, on the contrary, by contrast, on the other hand, unfortunately;让步关系& 部分常用标志词和短语although, though, even though, even if, even, nevertheless, despite, in spite of; regardless of;anyway, anyhow, nonetheless(经管如此)列举(顺序)关系& 部分常用标志词和短语first\second\last of all, in the first place\in the second place\finally, to begin with\ to continue, first……then, on one hand……on the other hand, for one thing……for another, one……another, some……others……still others;对比关系& 部分常用标志词和短语while, whereas, as, / rather than, instead of, not…..but;时间关系& 部分常用标志词和短语when, whenever, before, after, since, as, while, until, till, simultaneously, meanwhile, in the meantime, at the same time;条件关系& 部分常用标志词和短语if, only if, if only, unless, otherwise, as soon as, as long as, in case, suppose that, supposing that, provided that, providing that, when, whenever,with(表达一种条件关系,出现with之下的条件,后面会出现某结果);举例关系& 部分常用标志词和短语such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them), among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely;。
高中英语解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系1因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. butC. thoughD. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eatingC. cryingD. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
由因推果,可知“他们看见一个男人正在捡垃圾桶里的食物吃”,故选B。
2条件关系条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生的结果。
考博英语填空题常考语法结构
考博英语填空题常考语法结构一、主句单一原则任何一个句子中只可能有一个主句。
做题时考生需要首先判断原题中已经给出的句子结构,如果已经有一个主句,那么就绝对不能够再出现另一个主句,除非中间有连接词进行联系。
例1:--, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.(A) They occur where they are(B) Occuring where(C) Where they occur(D) Where do they occur分析:空格后面是一个主句,(A)为带有从句的主句,空格后又是主句,有两个主句一定错。
C为地点状语从句,正确(劳动歌曲发生的地方)。
例2: --Indiana, is in a rich farming and dairy area, it is primarily a diversified industrial center(A) Fort Wayne(B) Although Fort Wayne(C) For wayne is in(D) Fort Wayne, in分析:空格后有两个谓语动词但中间没有连接词,由此可知,最后一句话是一个主句,空格处应该有从句引导词,四个选项中只有(B)中although能引导从句,故选(B)。
二、谓语动词专一原则任何一个句子只可能存在一个谓语动词。
句子中不可能没有谓语动词,也不能多于一个谓语动词(除非中间存在连接词)。
例1:William Walker's mural, “Wall of Respect,”-----an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals withsocial issues.(A) covers(B) covers it(C) which covers(D) which it covers分析:空格后的deals with 是谓语动词,A, B是谓语形式, 和deals with 之间没有连接词,可先排除; D 中的it多余,因为在定语从句中which已经作了主语;C构成正确的定语从句例2:In copper engravings and etchings, -----causedby the edges of the plate is clearly visible onthe paper.(A) the impression is(B) if the impression is(C) impressions(D) the impression分析:题目中的is是谓语,A,B中是谓语重复。
考博英语完形填空固定搭配五篇
2021 年考博英语完形填空固定搭配【五篇】above all首要,尤其be absorbed in心于by accident 偶然account for 明on account of 因,因take ⋯into account 考be accustomed to 于add up to 合,in addition 另外in addition to 除⋯⋯之外in advance提前,先take advantage of利用ahead of在⋯⋯前面,先于in the air在流行中,在播中after all于,竟,然all but几乎,差一点,除⋯⋯之外其余都all over普及,到all right行,能at all完全,根本in all 共,共make allowances for 考,及,体in alliance with 与⋯⋯盟leave ⋯a lone 听其自然,不要去管let alone 更不用along with 与⋯⋯一起one after another一个接一个one another互相apart from除去as for至于,就⋯⋯方面as if好似,仿佛as though好似,仿佛as to至于,关于as well也,一aside from除⋯⋯之外ask for求,要求pay attention to 注意on the average 平均,一般来right away立即,上back and forth来回,往返,来来往往地back off放,步,退却back up支持,援助【第二篇】on the basis of根据,在⋯⋯的基上because of因,因on behalf of 代表,了at the best 充其量,至多do / try one ’s best 尽力,努力get the best ofmake the best of 充分利用,妥善理for the better 好,改善get the better of 打,智had better是,on board在船/机上be bound to必定,一定break away脱离,逃跑break down坏,分解,瓦解break in行入,入,打断break into入break out突,爆break through突破break up止,束,打碎catch one ’s breath屏息out of breath喘不过气来,上气不接下气in brief简来说之bring about 带来,造成bring down 降( 价); 把( 某物,某人) 抬下 ( 楼、山 ); 挫伤bring forth 产生,提出bring forward 提出bring out使出现,公布bring to使恢复知觉bring up教育,培养,使成长build up积累,树立,逐步建立in bulk散装,大批burn out烧掉burn up烧完,烧尽call for邀请,要求,需要call forth唤起,引起call off放弃,取消call on / upon访问,拜访call up召集,发动care for照顾,关心take care小心,留神take care of照顾,照料,负责carry off夺去carry on继续下去,坚持下去carry out贯彻,执行,实现in any case无论如何,总之in case假设,万一in no case决不catch on理解,明白catch up with追上,赶上,by chance偶然,碰巧take a chance 冒险一试in charge of 负责,主管take charge of 担任,负责check in办理登记手续check out结帐后离开check upon校对,检查cheer up使快乐,使振奋,快乐起来around / round the clock一齐,一致,共同clear away扫除,收拾clear up整理,收拾,去除,澄清around /round the clock昼夜不停地come off,成功,奏效come on ,来吧,展come out 出版,出,露,局是come round / around来,醒come through,脱【第三篇】come to ,到达come true,到达come up 走近,生come up to 到达,符合come up with 提出,提供in common 共同,共有keep company with 与⋯⋯交往,与⋯⋯伴compare ⋯ to / with 把⋯⋯比作by compare 比起来be concerned with 就⋯⋯来be concerned with 关心in conclusion 最后,之on the condition that 在⋯⋯条件下in connection with / to 关于in consequence 所以,果in consequence of因⋯⋯的故on the contrary 反之,正相反in contrast to 与⋯⋯相反out of control 失去控制under control 被控制住at all costs不惜任何代价,无如何at the cost of以⋯⋯代价count on依靠,指望count up把⋯⋯相加in the course of在⋯⋯程中,在⋯⋯期of course当然cover up掩,掩盖cross out去,取消on cue恰好在个候take one ’s cue from学⋯⋯的,听⋯⋯的告cut across走捷径,抄近路cut back削减,降低cut down削减,减少cut in插嘴,打断cut out 除cut short 突然停止in danger在危中out of danger 脱离危out of date 期to date到当前止up to date新的a great deal of大量的,很多的in debt欠,欠情take delight in以⋯⋯derive from出,由⋯⋯来in detail的die down逐步消失,平息die off相死去die out消失,be on a diet 食make a difference 有影响in the distance 在do away with 除,去掉have nothing to do with 和⋯⋯毫无关系have something to do with 和⋯⋯相关系no doubt 无疑,必定draw up 画出,草dress up穿上盛装,打扮的漂漂亮亮drop by顺便来访drop off减弱,减少drop out退出,离队due to因为,因为off duty下班on duty值班,上班【第四篇】dwell on凝思,详述each other互相on earth究竟,到底;在世界上bring into effect 使生效put into effect 实行,生效in effect有效,实际上take effect 生效,起作用in the end 最后,终于in essence 大体上,本质上at all events 无论如何in any event 无论如何in the event of万一,如果发生for ever永远for example例如with the exception of除⋯⋯之外in excess of 超feed in 入be fed up with 感到feel like 欲,想要a few有些,几个quite a few有相当数目的fill in /out 填充,填写find out 明catch fire 着火set fire to 点燃on fire 着at first 最初,首先first of all 首先as follows 如下make a fool of 玩弄,愚弄on foot 步行in force 有效,施中and so forth等等set free放make friends交朋友be friends with⋯⋯友好to and fro 来来回回in front of 在⋯⋯面前make fun of 取消,嘲弄in the future 今后,将来in general 通常,大体上get along with展,相融洽get away逃脱,离开get down to开始,着手get in入,收,收集get into入,陷入get off离开,身,开始get out of逃避,改掉get over克服get better of 占上,get through 束,完成get together 集合,聚集get up起床,增加give away泄漏,分送give back送,恢复give in投降,屈服give off放出,放give out分,放出give up停止,放弃give way to⋯⋯ 路,被⋯⋯替代go after追求go ahead 开始,前go along with陪同前往,随行go by去go for支持,go into入,研究,go off爆炸,射,身,离开go on ,生go over,复,重温【第五篇】go through,受,go with伴随,与⋯⋯as good as和⋯⋯几乎一,上等于good for永久的good for有效,适用take⋯for granted想当然,理所当然on guard警惕,防范in half一半at hand在附近,即将到来hand down 流下来,hand in交上,交hand in hand手拉着手,合hand on 下来,依次hand out分,散hand over交出,移交in hand在控制中on the other hand另一方面hang about,徘徊hang about下去,等一下hang up 挂断 ()happen to碰巧,偶然hardly any几乎没有,几乎什么也不hardly⋯when一⋯⋯就⋯⋯have on 穿着,戴着head for向,走向lose one ’s head 不知所措at heart上learn by heat 住,背heat and soul 全心全意lose heart 失勇气,失去信心can’t help 禁不住,不得不help oneself 自取所需get hold of 抓住,掌握hold back踌躇,退,阻止,抑制hold on,握住不放hold on to抓住,持hold up起,承,阻at home 在家,在国外,自在,自如home and abroad 国内外in honor of念,向⋯⋯表示敬意on one ’s honor以名誉担保how about如何,怎hundreds of数以百,很多hunger for渴望hurry up赶快,迅速完成in a hurry匆忙地,急于if only要是⋯⋯多好improve on改for instance例如instead of 代替,而不是at intervals 不时,时时by oneself 单独,单身in itself 本身。
完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系
因果关系
because
in that
due to
thanks to
owing to+原因
since
now that
eversince
because of
on account of
in response to+原因
lead to
contribute to
result in(前因后果)
01-31, 03-28, 05-20
*such as与for example(instance)区别
such as前:名词复数后:单数或复数关系:总分或包括
for example(instance)状语性短语,后面一般不直接加n.,且前后有“,”隔开
列举关系
first-then, to begin with-to continue(next), on one hand-on the other hand, for one thing-for another thing, one-another, some-others-still others, in the first place-in the second place-finally, first-second-last of all
完型填空中六种常见逻辑关系
并列关系
and,as well as ,or,likewise(同样地), similarly, simultaneously, in the meanwhile, meanwhile(在这期间,同时),neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, more…than
Likeme, she enjoys all kinds of music.
考博英语完形填空十类逻辑关系标志词
考博英语完形填空十类逻辑关系标志词考博英语完形填空考的就是个“逻辑”关系。
考博英语完形的形式有很多,包括宏观和微观两个层面。
因为我们整个完型的做题逻辑是从宏观到微观的处理过程。
首先,我们看宏观的层面。
宏观的考核只要涉及到我们做题的一个方法与步骤。
我们在做考博英语完形时阅读文章正确的步骤是,首先看文章的首段或者首句,然后根据其猜测文章的大意,然后再去读文章。
这样的目的是:把握文章的宏观逻辑。
其次,微观的处理。
弄清句子内、句子间的逻辑关系。
以下是新东方在线整理的考博英语完形填空十类逻辑关系标志词,希望对考生理解考博英语完形填空逻辑关系、进而总结英语文章的总体结构特征有帮助。
并列关系:标志词:and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; as well as, same…as;递进关系:标志词:also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; the other one;another one;apartfrom;above all因果关系:标志词:because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such… that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地);due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now that(既然); because of; considering that, seeing that; in response to; for this reason;转折关系:标志词:but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast; in contrast; conversely; instead of ; rather than; unlike, on the other hand; unfortunately;让步关系:标志词: although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as;King as he was, he was not happy.Child as he is, he knows a lot.Hard though/as he tried, he failed.列举关系标志词first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the secondplace\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others;对比关系标志词while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but;时间关系标志词when; whenever, before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime, at the same time;条件关系标志词if; only if; if only; unless, otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with;举例关系标志词such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them); among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely.总结:句子间的逻辑关系不仅在完型中及其重要,在阅读、写作中亦具重大意义。
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词
考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词出国留学考研网为大家提供考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词,更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!考研英语完型中常见的10种逻辑关系词下面十种常见的逻辑关系词汇总,小伙伴们一定要牢牢记住,才能在日后做题的过程中一路畅通。
因果关系because;for;since;as;therefore;consequently;hence;so;thu s;so…that;such…that;inorderthat;accordingly(因此;于是;相应地);dueto;thanksto;asaresult;inthat(=because);nowthat(既然);becauseof;consideringthat,seeingthat;inresponseto;forth isreason;转折关系but;however;onthecontrary;contrarily;bycontrast;incontra st;conversely;insteadof;ratherthan;unlike,ontheotherhand;un fortunately;让步关系although;though;eventhough;even;evenif;nevertheless;desp ite;inspiteof;while;as;Kingashewas,hewasnothappy.Childashei s,heknowsalot.Hardthough/ashetried,hefailed;对比关系while;whereas;as;insteadof;ratherthan;not…but;列举关系firstsecondlastofall;inthefirstplaceinthesecondplacefina lly;tobeginwithtocontinue;first…then;ononehand…ontheotherhand;foronething…foranother;one…another;some…others…sti llothers;时间关系when;whenever,before;after;since;as;while;until;till;sim ultaneously;meanwhile;inthemeantime,atthesametime;距离关系suchas,forexample,forinstance,of(these,those,them);among (these,those,them),toillustrate,asanillustration,totakeanexample,morespecifica llyspeaking,namely;条件关系if;onlyif;ifonly;unless,otherwise;assoonas;aslongas;prov idingthat;providedthat;onconditionthat;when;whenever;with;递进关系also;then;besides;inaddition;additionally;furthermore;wh atismore;moreover;indeed;theotherone;anotherone;apartfrom;a boveall;并列关系and;andalso;or;neithernor;eitheror;notonly…but(also)…; inthesameway;thatistosay;similarly;likewise;equally;aswella s,same…as;考研英语各题型中,数完形填空的难度最大,小伙伴们在训练的时候遇到的困难也最多。
10大类托福阅读中常见的逻辑关系词
10大类托福阅读中常见的逻辑关系词托福阅读文章篇幅很长,为了能在有限时间内看完文章并顺当答完题目,把握一些快速读懂文章的技巧是很有必要的,今日我给大家带来了10大类托福阅读中常见的规律关系词,盼望能够关心到大家,下面我就和大家共享,来观赏一下吧。
这10大类托福阅读中常见的规律关系词你都熟悉吗?1、Condition 条件/ 由于(if )后面跟随着某种状况发生的前提或者是条件。
if // unless // whether // provided that // // Given that // for // so that // whether // depending on2、Time 时间(when )before // since // as // until // meanwhile // at the moment // when // whenever // as soon as // just as3、Summary 总结(in a word)的最终总结in conclusion // in summary // lastly // finally // to sum up // to conclude // to recapitulate 重述// in short // in a word4、Example举例(for example)for example // for instance // just as // in particular // such as // namely 也就是5、Reason缘由( because)since // as // so // because (of) // due to // owing to // the reason why // in other words // leads to // cause6、And 并列关系(and)in addition // and // similarly // likewise // as well as // besides // furthermore // also // moreover // too// not only ... but // even // besides this/that7、Sequence 挨次(then)消失的时候表示列举first// initially // second etc. // to begin with // then // next // earlier/later // following this/that // afterwards8、Consequence 结果(so)前面是后面的结果// 也就是这些词后面就开头给出结论了。
高考英语完形填空解题需考虑的十种逻辑关系讲义
2.条件关系
条件关系就是指从句提出一种条件,主句说明在这种条件下产生 的结果。常见关联词有if, unless, on condition that等。
[例3] “I can help, Mum!” James said. “ 44 I can make you and Dad feel better, can Brett come over? Please?” (2014年江 西卷)
[例2] They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)
讲义 2020.1
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑 关系组织起来的语义整体。语篇衔接中的逻辑 关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思 路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种: 一是考查逻辑关系的关联词;
二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。因此, 解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻 辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分, 从而大幅提高解题能力。
1.因果关系
文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联 词,如:because, so, as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因 果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在着一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)
托福阅读中表示逻辑关系的词
托福阅读中表示逻辑关系的词英语句子的理解很多时候是要去理解其逻辑关系的,常见的逻辑关系有并列,比较,因果,递进,转折等等。
句子内有这些逻辑关系,句子和句子之间也有这些逻辑关系,这样才能理清整篇文章的脉络,去完成例如句子简化,插入句子这类题型。
教育优选为大家带来托福阅读中的逻辑关系词,希望大家可以将托福阅读逻辑关系词牢记在心。
1.因果(明显)表示明显因果关系的词汇:Therefore,due to,as,for,thus,hence,consequently,because (of),owing to,so (that),as a result,since…2.因果(暗含)2.1表示“由……而来”的词Come from,result from,initiate from,derive from,originate from…2.2表示“导致”的词Spark,prompt,be responsible to,stimulate,cause,make,render,spur,push,motivate,lead to,result in +结果,due to,thanks to,2.3 其他in that ,now that,,in order that,on account of3.转折与并列3.1表示转折关系In contrast (to),while,whereas,nevertheless,in spite of/despite,even if/even though,instead (of),but/yet,conversely,on the contrary,contrary to,different from/differ from,however,rather than,unlike,in fact,actually弱转3.2表示并列关系Or/and,vice versa,also/as well as,both…and…,either...or...,neither…nor…,in (the) the same way,equally,similarly/similar to,like/just like,likewise(同样的),while(与此同时),meanwhile(同时),not only...but also... ,more...than4.让步although,though,even though(if),even,despite,in spite of,nevertheless,anyway,as while(虽然,尽管,即使),still(尽管如此)5.总分(举例&总结)5.1举例:for example,for instance,such as,including5.2总结:in sum,in general,overall,to sum up,on the whole,generally6. 递进still,also,indeed,furthermore(进一步),moreover(而且,此外),even(甚至,更),besides,additionally,in addition,what's more7. 条件表示条件概念的词:If,supposing (that),providing / provided (that),as(so) long as,in case(if),on condition that…,unless,suppose (that),only if,when8.比较结构(隐藏)8.1比较级表示最高级8.2自身含有最高级含义的词Top,favorite,outstanding,maximum…9.否定9.1明显的否定关系词汇:No,not,never,deny,none,neither…9.2暗含的否定关系词汇:little,few,fail to,absence from,lack (of),refuse to…以上就是教育优选为大家带来的托福阅读中的逻辑关系词,逻辑是托福阅读中一个潜藏的考点,大家要在备考时熟悉。
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系
解答完形填空需考虑的十种逻辑关系作者:李进才来源:《广东教育·高中》2017年第10期语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。
语篇衔接中的逻辑关系非常重要,因为它能展现出作者的写作思路和篇章的意义。
高考对逻辑关系的考查主要有两种:一是考查表示逻辑关系的关联词;二是考查通过逻辑关系来推断出正确的答案。
因此,解题时,一定要重视语篇中前后句或上下文之间的逻辑关系,由逻辑关系中已知的部分推断出未知的部分,从而大幅提高正确率。
高考英语完形填空中主要有以下十种逻辑关系:1. 因果关系文中前后句之间是因果关系时,两句之间往往有表示原因和结果的关联词,如:because,so,as a result等;但是,有时两句之间却没有表示因果的信号词,这时前后句之间存在一种隐性的因果关系。
[例1] He might not have done this particularly well, 46 the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good ear and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there appealed to him. (2017年江苏卷)46. A. because B. but C. though D. so解析:本题考查表示前后句之间逻辑关系的连接词。
句意:他也许弹(钢琴)得并不特别好,因为老师说他对音乐的领悟能力不错,并建议他去乐器贮藏室看看是否有令他喜欢的乐器。
他弹得不够好,也许是因为钢琴不太适合他,是因果关系,故选A。
[例2]They saw a man 36 out of a garbage can. She asked her mother why he did that and her mother said that the man was homeless and hungry. (2017年北京卷)36. A. jumping B. eating C. crying D. waving解析:后一句中的“the man was homeless and hungry(这个男人无家可归且饥肠辘辘)”表示原因,本句表示结果,即前果后因。
考研英语完形填空逻辑关系整理
考研英语完形填空逻辑关系整理来源:文都图书完形填空的解题方法是由已知信息,进行分析关联,得出答案,这就需要考生把握上下文,前后句逻辑关系,能够很好的进行拆分组合和提炼,最终得到正确的答案。
下面就为大家整理了五大逻辑关系,希望能够帮助大家进行完形填空的复习。
一、对立关系包括让步和转折关系,常见的标志词和短语有:but, however, yet, on the contrary, by contrast, unfortunately, although, even though, nevertheless, in spite of, regardless of, anyhow, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
二、因果关系常用的标志词和短语有:because, for, since, as, thus, hence, therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, consequently, accordingly, due to, thanks to, in response to, on account of, because of, considering that, seeing that, in that, now that, lest, as a result, for this reason等。
三、并列关系常用的标志词和短语有:and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, likewise, similarly, equally, in the same way, that is to say, as well as, same…as等。
四、总分关系常用的标志词和短语有:such as, for example, for instance, to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically等。
完型填空十大逻辑关联词
1、并列关系:and and also or neither …nO 既不.. 也不) either …ornot only …but also 不 但 .. 而且) likewise ( 同样的 / 照样的 / 又也 ) similarly (同样的 / 类似的) equally (相等地 / 平等公平地) same asas well as (也 / 又) in the same way (同样地) 说 / 就是说 / 更确切地说)2 、递进关系:also (也,同样) then (当时 / 在那时 / 因而 / 然后 / 于是) besides ( 此外 / 除 外 ) in addition (另外) additionally (加之 / 又) moreover (而且 / 此外) what is more (更甚者)furthermore (此外 / 而且) indeed ( 含有强调的递进 )3 、因果关系:Because for since ( 以后 / 以前 / 自从 / 因为 / 既然 ) as thus (因而 / 从而 / 这样 / 如此) hence (因此从此) in order that ( 强调目的和因果的一种因果 ) therefore (因此 所 以 ) so that ( 所 以 ) so such that consequently ( 因 此 / 从 而 )=haccordingly due to (由于 / 应归于) thanks to (由于) as a result (结果)/on accountvof (无论如果 / 总之) =in response to (响应 / 适应) =because of now that (既然) in that (由于 / 因为 / 既然) =lest (惟恐 / 以免) 为) considering that4 、转折关系:But /however ( 无论如何 / 可是 / 然而 / 仍然 ) /yet (仍 / 至尽 / 但是 / 然而) /by contrast /on the contrary (正相反) / contrarily (反之 / 相反地 / 反对地) /on the other hand ( 偶尔可表转折,语气很轻 ) / unfortunately (不幸地)5 、让步关系:Although (虽然尽管) =though /even though (即使) =even =even if /in spite of (不that is to say (即 / 就是 / 换句话 = because/seeing that (因管) /despite (不管 / 尽管 / 不论) /nevertheless (然而 / 不过 / 仍然) /much as (非常像 /和 .. 一样) /anyhow (无论如何 / 总之) =anyway6、例句关系:[First / second /last of all (最后)] [some /another (其他) ] [first /next ] [first /then ][in the first place (首先) /in the second place (其次) /finally (最后) ][to begin with (首先 / 本来) /to continue /next ] [on one hand /on the otherhand ][for one thing / for another] [one /anther ] [somes /others/still others (还有其他) ]7、时间关系When /whenever (无论如何 / 随时 / 只要) /while(一会 / 当 .. 时候 / 虽然) /as /before /after /untiltill /simultaneously (同时的) /at the same time /in the mean time /since8、条件关系:If /only if (刚刚好 / 恰好) /if only (只要) /unless (如果不 / 除非) /otherwise (另外 / 否则 / 其他方面的)suppose (推想 / 假设 / 即使 .. 结果会怎样) / supposing (假如) / provide (供应 / 准备) / provided (倘若) / withas soon as '…/as long (只要/ 在. . 时/in case (万/when /whenever (无论何时 / 随时 / 只要)9 、对比关系While (一会 / 时间 / 当 .. 时/ 虽然)/whereas like (然而 / 反之 / 鉴于 / 尽管 / 但是) /unlike (不同的/ 不相似的/ 不像/ 和. 不同)/compared with(比较 , 相比 , 比喻) / in comparison with (与 ... 比较) / as rather..than(选前不选后)+v. / instead of + v.ing(选前不选后)/ not ..but (选后不选前)10 、举例关系:For example /for instance (例如) /such as (例如 ..., 象这种的) /of these/among (在 .. 之中 / 之一) /to take an example /to illustrate /say /as an example /as an instance/as an illustration(说明 / 例子 / 图解)as a case / let ' s imagine想象 / 设想)/ more specifically (特定的 / 明确的) speaking。
考研英语:完形填空十大常用逻辑关系分析
考研英语:完形填空十大常用逻辑关系分析完形填空文章最重要的特点之一就是逻辑性很强,而逻辑连接词在文中起着辅助篇章衔接与连贯的重要作用,可以表达文中的因果、转折、原因等各种逻辑关系,是历年真题知识运用的必考点,也是广大考生最难入手,掌握最不好的一种考题,因为它需要考生极大的逻辑判断能力以及对完形填空整体把控能力。
但是,既然是应试的考试形式,它就必然有规律可循。
对于完型填空逻辑惯性词这样的考题,我们同样可以找到它的规律,相信广大考生掌握了这样的规律,加之以充分的练习,逻辑连接词的将变得简单易操作。
根据对连年真题的总结发现,完型填空中的逻辑关系词总共有十大类。
第一:并列关系。
并列关系是比较简单的一种逻辑关系词。
常考的标志词:and, and orso, not only...but also, neither nor, that isto say.我们看一个真题:1996(41):They do not provideenergy,__ do they construct or build and part of the body.[A]either [B]so [C]nor[D]never观察一下这句话,有一个显著的特点是在横线后面的语序采用的是倒装语序,那么回忆一下语法中哪些情况可以引起句子倒装呢?肯定有否定词前置引起句子倒装。
同时,在本句中,逗号之前的句子有否定词,因此,横线上选择的词汇必然要满足两个条件,第一可以前面的否定呼应,第二,可以引起句子倒装。
所以,纵观四个选项,只有nor 满足两个条件,为正确答案。
第二:因果关系。
因果关系词是比较容易判断的一种逻辑关系,前面叙述原因,后面叙述结果,反之亦然。
但是,在历年考研完型填空中,经常出现广大考生不熟悉的词组,为了帮助考生辨认,我将这些短语列出如下:because, for, so that, such... that f in order that, due to, thanks to, in response to ,considering that.考生看到这样的短语就要想到是因果关系,反过来,判断出上下句逻辑关系是因果,要能够从选项中选出这些短语。
历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”
历年考研英语中常见的十五种“逻辑关系词(或称衔接词)”PrefaCe : “逻辑关系词”对于一篇好的文章来说是非常重要的!!!它就像一座桥,连接段与段、句与句,起到一种微妙的“衔接上下文”作用,即承上启下、起承转合、过渡性作用。
有效充分地利用逻辑关系词可以让你的文章“语义连贯、完整、顺畅”,不至于太突兀!下面就是我耗费心血、精心整理而成的历年考研英语中常见的十五种逻辑关系词,掌握了这些有助于你做阅读理解,有助于在阅读中更好、更快地把握文章的的写作思路和整体结构框架,理清文章的逻辑顺序与段与段之间的语义、逻辑关系,从而迅速找出正确答案。
有利于做排序题,更有利于你的写作!!!(写作时尽量用那些字数多的短语,这样可以增加作文字数)。
需要注意的一点是,有的逻辑关系词不只表示一种逻辑关系,有些逻辑关系之间是贯通的,例如OtherWiSe表示转折、对比、结果3种逻辑关系;让步之中含有转折的含义;对比之中含有转折、强调之意;并列之中含有递进的含义,例如as Well as as well, also, too既表示并列又表示递进;总结之中含有强调的含义,例如SUbStantially, generally, mainly既表示总结又表示强调;递进之中有补充解释说明之意,例如namely,in other WOrdSO 考研朋友们在做题中应当加以体会和领悟。
期望本文能对考研的朋友有所裨益。
同时本人热烈欢迎各位朋友踊跃对本文加以批评和相互交流,在此,我对朋友们的帮助表示无尽的感激之情!!!第一,表示因果(世界上最重要的一种关系就是因果关系)1. 表示原因because ( Of ) =be resp On SibIe for = as = SinCe =for = there in = root=Origin ( al ) =CaUSaIity = due / owing / thanks / according = beattributed / contribuoed (原因是)=now / in that =Seeing /conSidering / given ( that ) = on accoUnt of =on this accoUnt = onground of / that (强调主观理由) =out of = for the Sake of = in(the ) light of = in VieW of ( the fact that ) = by / in VirtUe of = by reasonof = as a result / conSeqUence of = in conSeqUence of =arise from = PUtSth down to Sth (把 ..... 归因于.... )【注】PUt down① 把,,归因于+ to Sth ② 把,,看作/视为PUt Sth downas Sth ③ 使(当众)出丑,让某人丢人现眼④写下,记下⑤ 将,,提请(议会或委员会)审议to PUt down a motion /amendment 提交一项动议或修正案⑥ 登记,注册,列入名单+ for Sth 例句:PUt medown for three tickets for SatUrday。
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考博英语完形填空10类逻辑关系词整
理
并列关系:
标志词:and; and also; or; neither nor; either or; not only…but (also)…; in the same way; that is to say; similarly; likewise; equally; as well as, same…as;
递进关系:
标志词:also; then; besides; in addition; additionally; furthermore; what is more; moreover; indeed; the other one;another one;apart from;above all
因果关系:
标志词:because; for; since; as; therefore; consequently; hence; so; thus; so…that; such… that; in order that; accordingly(因此;于是;相应地); due to; thanks to; as a result; in that(= because); now
that(既然); because of; considering that, seeing that; in response to; for this reason;
转折关系:
标志词:but; however; on the contrary; contrarily; by contrast;
in contrast; conversely; instead of ; rather than; unlike, on the other hand; unfortunately;
让步关系:
标志词: although; though; even though; even; even if; nevertheless; despite; in spite of; while; as;
King as he was, he was not happy.
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
Hard though/as he tried, he failed.
举例关系:
标志词 first\second\last of all; in the first place\in the second place\finally; to begin with\ to continue; first…then; on one hand…on the other hand; for one thing…for another; one…another; some…others…still others;
对比关系:
标志词 while; whereas ; as; instead of; rather than; not…but;
时间关系:
标志词 when; whenever, before; after; since; as; while; until; till; simultaneously; meanwhile; in the meantime, at the same time;
条件关系:
标志词 if; only if; if only; unless, otherwise; as soon as; as long as; providing that; provided that; on condition that; when; whenever; with;
举例关系:
标志词 such as, for example, for instance, of (these, those, them); among (these, those, them), to illustrate, as an illustration, to take an example, more specifically speaking, namely.
总结:句子间的逻辑关系不仅在完型中及其重要,在阅读、写作中亦具重大意义。
考生在复习真题时,应有意识地留意分析句子的逻辑词,了解英语文章行文逻辑,进而总结英语文章的总体结构特征。