非谓语动词.学生版

初中英语基础模块06

——非谓语动词

非谓语动词

能够熟练掌握非谓语动词的基本的用法

在北京中考中要求考生对非谓语动词的掌握往往集中在对固定用法的考查上。

内容

基本要求

非谓语动词

一、非谓语动词的三种形式；

二、非谓语动词的用法；

三、非谓语动词中需要注意的一些问题。

根据英语动词在句中是否独立用作谓语，可以把动词分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种。 谓语动词是指动词在句中独立作谓语时采用的形式，如各种时态的形式；

非谓语动词是指动词在句中不独立作谓语时采用的形式，包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词、

过去分词）三种。

考点一：动词不定式 1．不定式形式

动词不定式的基本形式是“to ＋动词原形”，称为带 to 的不定式。 如：He wanted to sit down. 他想坐下。（带 to 的不定式）

Let him sit down. 让他坐下。（不带 to 的不定式）

注意：这里的 to 只是个语法符号，没有词义。不定式在句中不能独立做谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。 易错点：动词不定式否定形式：not + (to) + do

2．不定式的基本用法

动词不定式虽然是动词的一种形式，但是它却具有名词、形容词和副词的功能，因此在句中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语（宾补）、定语、状语等。

满分必备攻略

命题人怎么想

中考怎么考

①用作主语：

不定式做主语时，常用it 做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末，其结构为It is + adj. + (for/ of) + 动词不定式。

如：To learn a foreign language is not easy. It is not easy to learn a foreign language.

To help the poor is his duty. It is his duty to help the poor.

注意：在kind; good; nice; clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for 而用of。如：It’s very kind of you to help me.

It’s very clever of you to do like that.

【实战演练】

多吃水果和蔬菜对身体有好处。

______________our health to eat more fruit and vegetables. （2009年北京中考）

战士们已连续工作了18个小时，有必要让他们停下来休息。

The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so _____________________________________.（2008年北京中考）

②用作宾语：

A 情况：一些动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词是表示命令、打算或希望的，这类动词常有：would like, want, decide, learn, need, refuse, agree, plan, expect, wish。

口诀1：想要决定学习，需要同意计划，希望不要拒绝。想要（would like, want）决定（decide）学习（learn）需要（need）同意（agree）计划（plan）希望（wish, expect, hope）拒绝（refuse）

She wants to go to university some day.

He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。）

B 情况：常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式：Why not do…, had better (not) do…, would rather do…, could/would/will you please (not) do…如：I would rather stay at home. ：

1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。

The post office is a bit far from here.

____________ take a bus.

2. 为什么不早点儿把这个好消息告诉他呢？

_____________ tell him the good news a little earlier?

C 情况：在find, think 后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it 代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

We found it impossible to cross the river.（本句中it 是形式宾语，不定式短语to cross the river 是真正的宾语。）

注意：不定式常和疑问词what; which; when; where; how; who 连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.

He didn’t know which to choose.

比较：what to do 与how to do it

1. We are going for a picnic tomorrow. I’ll call Wendy to make sure___________.

A. why to start

B. when to start

C. what to start

D. which to start

2. The young soldier really doesn’t know __________ to stop the baby from crying hard.

A. what to do

B. how to do

C. when to do

D. where to do

③用作宾语补足语：不定式作宾语补足语时有两种情况：

A 情况：在大多数双宾及物动词后，要用带to 的不定式，这类及物动词常用的有：allow, ask, beg, enable, encourage, expect, find, get, hate, help, invite, like, order, prefer, tell, wait for, want, warn, wish, would like 等。

中考常考点：ask/ tell sb. (not) to do sth.

口诀2：让想要希望，鼓励说服允许，三二二，一一一

口诀解释：三，二，一分别指代动词的数量。即：三让(tell, ask, get); 二想要(would like/love, want); 二希望(wish, expect); 一鼓励(encourage); 一允许(allow); 一说服(persuade)

如：They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.

She wants her brother to go to university.

We are waiting for the doctor to come.

The teacher asked Ben ___________a difficult question in class. （2009年北京中考）

A. answer

B. answering

C. to answer

D. answered

We are often told __________at people who are in trouble.

A. not to smile

B. to smile

C. not to laugh

D. to laugh

This is a really fantastic book. I would like________ it right now.（2013年大兴二模）

A. reading

B. read

C. to read

D. reads

B 情况：在表示五官感觉、致使等意义的动词后，要用不带to 的不定式，这类动词有：feel, hear, notice, see, watch; have, let, make 等。help 有时也可用不带to 的不定式。

口诀3：吾看三室两厅一感觉，半帮助打死也不吐。

口诀解释：吾看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe )；三室（let, make, have)；两厅（hear, listen to) 一感觉（feel)；半帮助打死也不吐(help)

注意：常考单词---let; see; hear; make

如：They heard him sing a song in the meeting room.

The boy saw two men enter the house.

The young man made the old machine start working.

The teachers helped the students (to) learn English well.

本类动词在变成被动语态时，原句中作宾补的不定式前要加上to, 同时原来的宾补就变成了主语补足语。

如：Two men were seen to enter the house.

The old machine was made to start working by the young man.

战士们已连续工作了18个小时，有必要让他们停下来休息。

The soldiers have kept working for 18 hours, so _____________________________________.

Tom often makes his little sister ______but yesterday he was made ______by his sister.

A. cry; to cry

B. to cry; cry

C. cry; cry

D. to cry; to cry