真菌的生物学
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Bio 22b
Bio 222b
第二讲真菌的生物学
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物秀-专心做生物！
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Bio 22b
•Fungi devoid of chlorophyll -so must be saprophytic, parasitic or symbiotic •无叶绿素，只能是腐生、寄生或共生•Chromistan fungi -many are unicellular with motile forms
•藻物界真菌许多是单细胞的，有鞭毛•Eumycotan fungi -most are filamentous and multicellular
•真菌界真菌大多数是丝状的，多细胞
-some unicellular (yeasts)一些是单细胞的如酵母most non-motile 大多数不能运动
生
物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
生
物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
e.g. endophytes
•Saprobic obligate （专性）Parasitic 腐生facultative （兼性）寄生•Symbiotic 共生. endophytes –mycorrhizae （菌根真菌）–Lichens （地衣）生
物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
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物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
•Prefer acid environments （喜酸性环境）
•can tolerate cold, low water availability (耐冷耐旱)
•Fungi can make most of their own requirements directly from simple or complex sources = prototroph （原养型）
•Some strains/mutants have lost ability to make a growth factor (eg vit. B1) = auxotrophic （营养缺陷型）mutant -so need this factor as a food source
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物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b , particularly Basidiomycetes （担子菌）, have developed a wide range of
extracellular enzymes which can decompose many complex substances e.g.
(highly resistant black pigments)Hence fungi are major recyclers -
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物
秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
have typical many fine lateral mastigonemes
2 types of flagellae
•whiplash •tinsel 茸鞭mastigonemes 鞭茸.生
物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
•many species -not all closely related (polyphyletic 多源的)
•mostly divide by budding 出芽or fission 裂殖
•some can have hyphal 菌丝phases •many have no teleomorph 有性阶段•some normally hyphal fungi have yeast-like stages
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物秀-专心做生物！
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Bio 22b
•Filaments are called -massed together they make a •hyphae may be (无隔的) -so form
multinuclear -in this case hyphae often wide and fast growing
•or hyphae may be (有隔的，隔上有孔) -so forming cells with 1, 2 or many nuclei per cell. Here hyphae usually narrower sometimes with special mechanisms to control nuclear content.
•hyphae grow at tips, usually with frequent branching. Colonies 菌落mostly growing at edge -youngest cells.
生
物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m
Bio 22b
生
物秀-专心做生物！
w w w .b b i o o .c o m