专题11 主从复合句-2023年中考总复习真题探究与变式训练(江苏专用)(解析版)

专题11 主从复合句

命题方向重要指数

考向一宾语从句

（必考点）

考向二状语从句

（必考点）

考向三定语从句

（必考点）

考向一宾语从句

例1（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）（宾语从句的语序）— There will be a robot on show in our school next week.

— Really? I wonder ________.

A．what it likes B．what it is like C．what does it like D．what is it like

【答案】B

【详解】句意：——下周将有一个机器人在我们学校展出。——真的？我想知道它是什么样的。

考查宾语从句。此句是宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，排除选项C、D；根据“There will be a robot on show in our school next week.”可知，询问机器人是什么样子，故选B。

例2（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题（宾语从句的时态）The chief engineer announced that they ________ a space lab on the space station around the end of 2022.

A．have built B．had built C．will build D．would build

【答案】D

【详解】句意：总工程师宣布，他们将于2022年底左右在空间站建造一个空间实验室。

考查动词时态。根据“The chief engineer announced that”可知，that后为宾语从句，主句为一般过去时，从句为过去的某种时态，结合从句时间状语“around the end of 2022”可知，此处使用过去将来时，would+动词原形。故选D。

例3（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）（宾语从句的引导词）—Can you tell me ________? —Never spend too much time on screen.

A．how we can have bright eyes B．why we should protect our eyes C．where we can see an eye doctor D．when we should do eye exercises

【答案】A

【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样才能拥有明亮的眼睛吗？——不要花太多时间在屏幕上。

考查宾语从句的引导词。how如何，怎样；why为什么；where哪里；when什么时候。根据“Never spend too much time on screen”可推测出，在询问如何才能拥有明亮的眼镜，“如何，怎样”，此时应用关系副词how引导宾语从句。故选A。

宾语从句

用法详解：

宾语从句是在主从复合句中作主句的宾语的句子。如

Rose said she would visit us sometime next week. 露丝说她下星期某时会来看我们。

↓↓

主句从句(宾语从句)

Could you tell me where he is from? 你能告诉我他来自哪里吗？

↓↓

主句从句(宾语从句)

考点1：引导词的选用

(1). 陈述句的引导词用that，常可省略。

I am going to meet my net friends in Guangzhou. He said.

→He said that he was going to meet his net friends in Guangzhou. 他说他将要在广州见他的网友。

(2). 一般疑问句的引导词用if/ whether(是否)。（后有or、or not 时只用whether）

Would you like to play basketball with me? He asked me.

→He asked me if/whether I liked to play basketball with him. 他问我是否会和他去打篮球。

Is it a fast train or a slowly one? I wanted to know.

→I wanted to know whether it was a fast train or a slowly one.我想知道这是快车还是慢车。

(3). 特殊疑问句的引导词用特殊疑问词。

How old are you? They want to know.

→They want to know how old you are.他们想知道你多大年纪了。

What are you going to do this afternoon? He asked me.

→He asked me what I was going to do this afternoon.他问我今天下午要做什么。

考点2：语序 (宾语从句中从句要用陈述句语序，即从句中的第1动词在主语之后）He asked Jane: “Why don’t you come”?

疑问语序(第1动词don’t 在主语you之前)

He asked Jane why she didn’t come last night. 他问简恩为什么昨晚她不来。

陈述语序(第1动词didn’t 在主语you之后)

Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露丝想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。

特殊：①.What’s wrong with …在宾语从句中不变语序。如：

I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么啦。

②. 引导词在从句中做主语时，语序不变。如：

Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。

(who 是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身己是陈述语序，不需再变。)

考点3：时态

口诀：主现从实，主过从过，真理除外

(1). 主句是现在时(一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时)，从句该用什么时

态就用什么时态。

“John speaks highly of you.” Tom tells me.

→Tom tells me that John speaks highly of me. 汤姆告诉我约翰高度评价我。(主句用tells, 是一般现在时，从句原时态是speaks,在这里还是用speaks)

(2). 主句是过去时(一般过去时，过去进行时)，从句只用过去某种相应时态。

“When shall we have the meeting?” The boy asked.

→The boy asked when they should have the meeting. 男孩问他们应该什么时候开会。

(主句用asked，是一般过去时，从句用相应的某种过去时，这里shall→should) (3). 从句表示客观真理或事实时，主句即使用过去时，从句仍然用一般现在时。

“The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher told the students.

→The teacher told the students that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉学生们地球绕着太阳走。

(主句用told, 为一般过去时，但从句中the earth goes around the sun是客观事实，所以时态还用一般现在时，不用变)

Jim asked me whether the light travels faster than the sound.

考点4.宾语从句的注意问题

（1）宾语从句与简单句的转换：当宾语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。

如：I don’t know what I should do next.=I don’t know what to do next. 我不知道接下来要做什么。

（2）宾语从句的否定转移：如果主句谓语动词think，suppose，believe等后接宾语从句，且主句的主语是第一人称，变否定句时应否定主句。如：I don’t think you are right. 我认为