英语翻译之语义翻译共27页

纽马克语义翻译与交际翻译PPT课件

Through the Looking-Glass 《爱丽丝镜中奇遇记》
• “Feather, I say!” “Why do you say ‘Feather’ so often?” Alice asked at last, rather vexed. “I’m not a bird!” “You are,” said the sheep: “you are a little goose”
• Semantic translation attempts to render, as closely as the semantic and syntactic structures of the second language allow, the exact contextual meaning of the original.
第10页/共26页
Comparison of CT & ST
• Transmitter/addressee focus • Relation to ST • Use of form of SL • Form of TL • Appropriateness
第11页/共26页
Transmitter/addressee focus
• CT: Subjective, TT reader focused, oriented towards an specific language and culture.
第12页/共26页
Relation to Source Text
• ST: Always ‘inferior ’ to ST; loss of meaning. • CT: May be ‘better’ than the ST; ‘gain’ of force and clarity even if loss of

英汉互译-语义翻译

负债
跑掉-流畅的写出（背出）
5
英汉互译
Run out Run over Run through Run up Run to seed Run for presidency Run to sb’s aid Run aground Run wild
JRJ6
跑过-满出，溢出跑过，穿过-贯穿
跑上去-迅速积累（债款等）
4) The dinner cost us five dollars a head.
这顿饭花去我们每人5块钱.
16
16 JRJ
英汉互译
5) Prick with the head of a needle.
用针尖挑。
6) He was standing at the head of the staircase. 他站在楼梯的顶端。 7〉 Let‘s discuss the question under five heads. 让我们分5个题目来讨论这个问题。 8) The head of his bed was piled with books. 他的床头堆满了书。
13
13 JRJ
英汉互译
36) 随函附上2角钱邮票1张- Enclosed herewith is a 20fen stamp. 37) 这一盘你上。 You play this game. 38) 一连上了好几道菜。Several courses were served in succession. 39) 行李还没上架。The luggage has not been put on the rack yet. 40) 我来给门上漆。Let me paint the door. 41) 这事已上了电视。It has been publicized on TV. 42) 表该上了。 The watch needs winding.

语义翻译

第二章语义翻译
1 理解中的选义
• run across • run away • run into • run out of • run for presidency • run the streets • run a car
• rhe risk of
3 英汉词汇的假对应
课后，他向我提了很多问题。 He asked manyquestions ________to me after class. 问题：疑问（a question calls for an answer）你的计划是个好主意，问题是我们是否有足够的时间来准备。 point Your plan is a good idea, but the _______is weather we have enough time to prepare for it. 问题：关键，要点
2 表达中的选词
• 由于党的农业政策, 千千万万的农民走上了致富的道路。 • Thanks to the policies of the CPC (Communist Party of China) on agriculture, millions of peasants in China are getting rich. • 由于两次世界大战的爆发，各国人民遭受了巨大的灾难。 • People of all countries suffered a lot in consequence of the two World Wars.
1 理解中的选义
• You should use your head a little bit. • The dinner cost five dollars a head. • Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four countries. • Heads or tails?

翻译中的语义翻译共23页

翻译中的语义翻译
1、合法而稳定的权力在使用得当时很少遇到抵抗。 ——塞 ·约翰逊 2、权力会使人渐渐失去温厚善良的美德。— —伯克
3、最大限度地行使权力总是令人反感；权力不易确定之处始终存在着危险。— —塞·约翰逊 4、权力会可是金子可以拉着它的鼻子走。— —莎士比
谢谢
11、越是没有本领的就越加自命不凡。——邓拓 12、越是无能的人，越喜欢挑剔别人的错儿。——爱尔兰 13、知人者智，自知者明。胜人者有力，自胜者强。——老子 14、意志坚强的人能把世界放在手中像泥块一样任意揉捏。——歌德 15、最具挑战性的挑战莫过于提升自我。——迈克尔·F·斯特利

汉翻英之语篇翻译

在此情形下，翻译研究所要解决的问题就是如何将“信息的丢失”减少到最低程度，换个角度讲，也就是如何做到译文语篇对原文语篇意义、信息最大程度地传递。既然构成语篇总体信息的各信息单元并非等量齐观，而是存在着主、次与重心和非重心之层次差别，英汉语篇存在如上所述的差异，那么在语篇翻译时，译者的最重要任务就是要保证对原文语篇中承载的主要信息、中心信息在译文语篇中得到顺畅传递。
受西方传统哲学“神凡二分”、“科学主义”、“形式主义”的影响，英吉利等西方民族在思维方式上具有一种“重理性、重分析、重形式完备”的鲜明特征。（司显柱， 1999b）这一特征反映在英语语篇构建上，就是谋篇布局一般总是以一个核心结构为核心，其他结构或成份都是直接或间接地依附、服务于这个核心结构，从而形成以核心结构控制各种关系的层次结构（ hierarchical structure）如：
东边闪电出日头，西边闪电必有雨，南边闪电天气热，北边闪电有雷雨。（如果东边闪电则出日头，如果西边闪电则必有雨，如果南边闪电则天气热，如果北边闪电则有雷雨）。
If it lightens in the east, it will be sunny; if it lightens in west, it will be rainy; if it lightens in south, it will be sultry, if it lightens in the north, it will be stormy.
因此，语篇翻译的实质是着眼于整个语篇宏观题旨的传译(tendering)。为此，译者在翻译中往往要对原文语篇的构建模式、衔接方式按译文语篇的构建特征作相应地调整；不仅如此，在此过程中，遇到由于文化差异较大而对译文读者构成“阻滞点”的语句还需做出调整。当然，由于语言、文化间普遍共性的存在，有些情况下，译者无须对原文语篇的构建及其表现形式作出更动，这在同语族内的跨语翻译如英德语之间的翻译较为常见。在这种情形下，自上而下看，译文语篇实现了对原文语篇信息的传译；自下而上看，两者还常常做到了句句对应。

[教育]英汉互译-语义翻译

21
JR2J1
英汉互译
有的时候,上下文不一定是完整的长句或一大段话，上下文可以是一个短短的词组或是一个紧凑的固定搭配。也就是说，我们可根据两三个字或词语来确定某一个字或词语的意义。
下面再看两组实例。
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JR2J2
Man(人)
英汉互译
1) man and his wife 丈夫和妻子
2) officers and men 官和兵
7
英汉互译
Run sb into difficulties Run the risk of Run one’s eyes down a list
使某人陷入困境冒着 ..的危险匆匆看一下单子
Run a simile too far
把一个比喻用得牵强附会
Run a fever
发烧
Run a sword through sb
6
Run to extremes Run the streets Run a hare Run a car Run a factory Run messages Run the water off Run oil Run to Run on
JRJ7
英汉互译
走向极端流浪街头追捕野兔-追查坐车不买票的人驾驶小汽车办工厂送信，传信息把水放掉提炼石油跑到-（数量等）达到不停地跑-讲个不停，喋喋不休
3) his man Friday
4) man-of-war
他的仆人礼拜五《鲁宾战舰
逊漂流记》
5) Be a man!
要像个男子汉！
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JR2J3
sophisticated
英汉互译
sophisticated (本意为“失去天真纯朴的”）

英语翻译之语义翻译

3) 一位姑娘出现在门口，只见她个头不高，头戴一顶浅浅的黑草帽。
4) 门口闪出一位个头不高的女孩子，头上戴着一顶平平的黑草帽。 5) 门口出现一矮妞，头戴扁平黑草帽。
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第二章: 语义翻译
perish, succumb, suffocate, expire, decease, croak, depart, drown, fall,
hang cease respiration, lose one’s life, cease to exist, suffer death, end one’s day, be no more, relinquish life, emit the last breath, come to a violent death, meet one’s death, commit suicide, drop dead pass away, check in, burn out, kick off, cash in, go to glory, fall asleep, fade away, check out, kick in, go west, return to the earth, rest in peace, become one with nature, join the majority, close one’s eyes,
一辆小车停在桥西头。A car was parked at the west of the bridge.
让我从头讲起吧。 Let me tell the story from the very beginning. 他们是一头儿的。They are on the same side.
我们有30头牛。 We have thirty head of cattle.

第二讲语义翻译

（直译与意译）例如：Little fish doesn’t eat big fish.直译：小鱼不吃大鱼意译：胳膊拧不过大腿试译:天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福to kill two birds with one stoneto flog a dead horsea drop in the bucketto teach a pig to play on a flute门庭若市：The courtyard is like a market. /a much visited house危如累卵：as dangerous as a pile ofeggs/great insecurity; hazardousin the extreme由于文化对语言的影响，有些语言成分只能意译，而不能直译，这主要体现在受本国文化影响最深的成语和谚语上。

hand in glove with:和...狼狈为奸once in a blue moon: 千载难逢乱七八糟：at sixes and sevens (seven disorders and eight chaos)招风惹草：look for trouble (invite wind to exasperate the grass)It is an ill bird that fouls its own nest.外甥打灯笼---照舅（旧）归化与异化（domestication/adaptation orforeignization / alienation）归化的翻译在理论上是把语言看作交际工具；在实践上，强调通俗易懂，避免多义或歧义。

习惯认为，当原文与译文之间因文化差异而出现不能通达的情况时，“要用译语文化替代原语文化”即把在译语中找不到对等的外语词汇改头换面，或套用译语中与之相似的现成的表达法，把它们变成读者熟悉的译语文化形象。

归化派代表人物尤金•奈达（Eugene A. Nida）: Functional Equivalence 功能对等“The receptors of the translated text could respond to it with comprehension and appreciation in essentially the samemanner and to the same degree as the original receptors of the message”;“Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of the readers of the original”---- NidaFor instance: as white as snow 通常译为白如雪/ 但没有见过雪的人可以将其翻译为“白如白鹭毛”，以达到功能对等的目的。

翻译中的语义翻译

V. last的译法
5. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 真没想到在这里见到你。
6. This is the last place where I want to meet you. 最不想在这里见到你。
7. He was a senator of the last Congress. 他是上届国会的议员。
2. Where do these plates live? 这些碟子放哪儿？
3. Spiders can live for several days without food. 蜘蛛可以几天不吃东西还能存活。
4. We saw a real live rattlesnake! 我们看见了一条活生生的响尾蛇。
II. run的译法
5. It was such a hot day that the butter ran. 天气热得连黄油都融化了。
6. The road runs north. 这条路向北延伸。
7. The rumor runs that he is going to resign. 谣传他要辞职了。
II. run的译法
1. He will not be running in the next election. 他不准备参加下届竞选。
2. The train is not running today. 那班火车今天停开。
3. The film began to run. 电影开映了。
4. His face was running with sweat. 他汗流满面。
V. last的译法
1. He is the last man to come. 他是最后来的。

英语翻译课件PPT精品文档26页

China 1.玄奘：既须求真，又须喻俗 2.严复：译事三难：信，达，雅。求其信，
已大难矣！顾信矣，不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。(1898) 3.鲁迅：凡是翻译，必须兼顾两面，一当然是求其易解，一则保存着原作的风姿。 4.傅雷：重神似，不重形似 5.钱钟书：化境 6.许渊冲：杨长避短，发挥译文语言优势。
• Bicultural Competence the differences and the like in history, geography, climate, lifestyles between target language and source language
• Encyclopedic Knowledge specialize in more than one field; the use of computers and software; knowledge of the Internet.
persons who represent the intended audience.
The Process of Translation
• The Basic Process of Translation 1) Accurate comprehension; 2) stylistic analysis 3) semantic analysis 4) pragmatic analysis 5) contextual analysis 6) logical analysis 2) Adequate representation; 3) Revision.
茅盾
The combination of art and science
The Definition of

语义翻译

他让我们再次领略到了他那渊博的知识、丰富的经验、无穷的智慧。
• 动词的选词
• In every Chinese city, we got into the streets, shops, parks, theatres and restaurants.
每到中国的一个城市，我们都会逛大街、逛商场、逛公园、上剧院、下餐馆。
三、翻译中的灵活性
• 英汉两种语言在文化背景和语法结构等方面有较大差异，有时不可能根据原文的词义或句式进行对等的翻译。 • 汉语：意合语言 parataxis • 英语：形合语言 hypotaxis • After the fall of France, Germany was incomparably stronger than England on the ground, about equally matched in the air, and gravely inferior at sea.
• 名词的选词
• • • • • • • • • • • A love letter A suicide letter A commendatory letter A letter of recommendation A congratulatory letter A letter of condolence Cookhouse Washhouse Gatehouse Guardhouse Cave-house summerhouse firehouse store/warehouse customhouse cowhouse/doghouse
• • • • • • • •
run to seed run to extremes run the streets run into debt run sb. into difficulties run to one's aid run the risk of run counter to

翻译中的语义翻译

VI. “情况”的译法
1. 在这种情况下 under such circumstances
2. 这种情况必须改变。 This state of affairs must be changed.
3. 现在情况不同了。 Now things are different.
4. 他们的情况怎么样？ How do matters stand with them?
8. This is a live and interesting book. 这是一本生动有趣的书。
IV. like的译法
1. He likes mathematics more than physics. 他喜欢数学甚于物理学。
2. Bananas don’t like me. 我吃了香蕉肚子不舒服。（香蕉不适我的肠胃。）
V. last的译法
5. This is the last place where I expected to meet you. 真没想到在这里见到你。
6. This is the last place where I want to meet you. 最不想在这里见到你。
7. He was a senator of the last Congress. 他是上届国会的议员。
head的译法：
6. He was badly wounded in the head. 他头部受了重伤。
7. He has a good head for maths. 他很有数学天分。
8. You should use your head. 你该动动脑子。
9. The dinner cost us five dollars a head. 这顿饭花了我们每人５块钱。