2014年华师思政考博真题

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华南师范大学2014-2018历年历史学908真题汇编

2014年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业历史学考试科目及代码中国近代史908一、简答题 15*6=901、开罗会议2、简评东北易帜3、简评天京事变4、戊戌变法失败的原因5、鸦片战争的影响6、战后国共两党和平计划未成功的原因二、论述题 30*2=60分1、辛亥革命的历史意义2、中国战场在世界反法西斯战争中的地位2015年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业历史学考试科目及代码中国近代史908一、名词解释1.詹天佑2.二七大罢工3.虎门条约4.劝学篇5.重庆谈判6.一二九运动二、简答题1、1946年初政协会议的成果2、资政新篇的内容3、人权派的基本主张三、论述题1、谈谈对近几年“民国热”的看法2、评价清末新政的作用3、浅析国共两党在抗战中的角色2016年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业历史学考试科目及代码中国近代史908一、名词解释1.陈独秀2.中体西用3.西安事变4.太平天国5.人民公社二、简答题1、简述清末新政的内容与历史意义2、简述抗战前南京国民政府的对日政策三、论述题1、中国近现代资本主义工商业的发展的道路和历史命运2、中国二十世纪五十年代实行计划经济体制的原因与影响2017年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业历史学考试科目及代码中国近代史908一、名词解释1.太平天国2.辛丑条约3.清末新政4.北伐战争5.三面红旗二、简答题1、如何评价洋务运动2、简述西安事变的原因和历史影响三、论述题1、评价抗日战争时期的蒋介石2、论述中共1956年以前的土地政策2018年硕士研究生入学考试自命题科目试卷报考专业历史学考试科目及代码中国近代史908一、名词解释1.《天朝田亩制度》2.北洋舰队3.国民革命4.中华苏维埃政权5.六十年代的国民经济政策二、简答题1、简述革命派和改良派的论战2、简述新文化运动的原因和内容三、论述题1、论述近代中国政体的演变2、论述全面抗战时期的国共关系1.教育目的2.教学3.教育制度4.学校管理5.最近发展区6.精细加工策略。

华南师范大学考博历年真题

华南师范大学考博历年真题华南师范大学1997年--2006年1999年《普通心理学》一、名词解释（24分）1、条件反射2、启动效应3、感受性4、深度知觉5、表象6、智力商数7、表征8、气质二、简答（30分）1、知觉恒常性2、遗忘曲线3、格式塔学派4、内隐记忆5、定势6、认知结构三、论述题1、述评韦伯---费希纳定律（15分）2、为什么说人的心理是人脑对客观现实的主观反映（15分）3、试分析比较性格向性说和特质论（16分）《西方心理学史》一．名词解释（30分）1、原型2、行为环境3、自我实现4、认知地图5、双重心理学6、认知不协调二、简答题（40分）1、什么是心理投射？2、什么是心理紧张系统？3、什么是“第三势力”心理学？4、什么是信息加工的心理学观点？5、操作条件反射与经典条件反射有什么不同？三、论述题（30分）1、如何理解格式塔的意义和作用2、如何理解潜意识理论及其对心理学发展的影响《研究方法》一、名词解释1、实验设计2、麦考勒效应3、无关变量4、提示法5、问题行为图6、对偶配对组法7、闪光融合临界频率8、再测信度9、内容效度10、项目区分度二、图形解释（10分）图一（略）图二（略）（由于没有扫描仪，以后再作补充）三、计算题（10分）甲乙两组学生参加一项“问题解决”的实验，以完成解决问题的时间（秒）为成绩。

他们解决某一问题的成绩如下，问两组成绩是否存在着显著差异甲组17 15 16 18 14 13 14 12 乙组16 18 19 16 22 19 18 16 13 (t .05=2.131, t .01=2.947)四、简答题（30分）1、心理测量的标准化主要包括哪些内容？2、反应时间在当前心理学实验研究中有何作用3、情绪实验中常用的指标有哪些五、实验方案设计题目《高中男女生数学解题模式的比较研究》2000年发展与教育心理专业博士生入学考试心理学基本原理与实验考试卷一、述评西方心理学研究的实证主义与现象学主义两大研究方法流派。

历年华南师范大学思政马义初试考试试题

07年、08年华南师大思政专业试题2008年马克思主义哲学原理试题一、名词解释：（共40分）1.运动宇宙中发生的一切变化或过程．．．．，标志事物变动不居的动态过程．．．．。

．．．．．。

它是物质的固有属性2.联系事物、现象、过程之间及其内部诸要素之间相互影响．．。

．．、相互制约．．、相互作用3.度即事物保持自己质的量的限度．．，是和事物的质相统一的数量界限．．．．。

（是对事物量的规定性）．．、范围．．、幅度4.假象假象是指那些以否定的方式从反面歪曲地表现本质的现象。

是第一性的。

（区别于错觉）5.价值价值是主客体之间的特定关系，即客体以其属性满足主体需要和主体需要被客体满足的效益关系。

（主体性，是为人的，在实践中形成）6.思维具体亦称理性具体，指在思维中把握客观具体对象的各个方面的本质以及它们的内在联系和相互作用。

（是思维逻辑行程的终点）7.意识形态亦称观念形态或社会意识形态，指哲学、政治法律思想、道德、宗教、艺术等各种社会观念的总和。

是社会存在的反映，具有相对独立性。

（意识形态与科学构成社会意识，阶级社会中，社会文化结构，又成为意识形态的上层建筑）8.社会的文化结构指哲学、政治法律思想、道德、宗教、艺术、科学等社会意识的连接方式．．．．．．．．．。

（主要由社会意识形态构成的，是以社会意识形态为主要内容的观念体系的基本结构。

）9.哲学哲学是系统化、理论化．．．．．．．．．．．．．而形成的思想体系。

（既．．．．．．．的世界观，是通过特有的概念、范畴和系统的逻辑论争是世界观又是方法论。

）二、简答（选五题，共50分）：1.什么是哲学的基本问题？哲学从总体上研究人与世界的关系，而人与世界关系最本质的方面是思维和存在的关系问题（物质与精神的关系问题）。

一方面，人要面对客观的物质世界，另一方面人又要根据自己的需要去认识并改造世界。

恩格斯在总结哲学史的基础上指出：全部哲学，特别是近代哲学的重大基本问题是思维和存在的关系问题。

华东师范大学2014年博士学位研究生入学考试英语试题(含答案)

华东师范大学2014年招收攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：英语共12页时间：180分钟Paper One(注意：答案请做在答题卡上，做在试题上一律无效)Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through thecenter.1. Teaching students of threshold level is hard work but the effort is very ________.A. preciousB. rewardingC. worthD. challenging2. The explorer lost his way so he climbed to the top of the hill to ________ himself.A. spotB. locateC. placeD. situate3. The city has decided to ________ smoking.A. do away withB. take awayC. get away withD. put away4. The old building is in a good state of ________ except for the wooden floors.A. observationB. preservationC. conservationD. compensation5.____me most was that the young boy who had lost both arms in an accident could handle a pen with his feet.A. That amazedB. It amazedC. Which amazedD. What amazed6. Recycling wastes slows down the rate ________ which we use up the Earth’s finite resources.A. inB. ofC. withD. at7. Gasoline is ________ by the spark plugs in the engine.A. ignitedB. inspiredC. excitedD. illuminated8. The travelers ________ their journey after a short break.A. recoveredB. resumedC. renewedD. restored9. Cultural ________ indicates that human beings hand their languages down from one generation to another.A. translationB. transitionC. transmissionD. transaction10. We must look beyond ________ and assumptions and try to discover what is missing.A. justificationsB. illusionsC. manifestationsD. specifications11. No one imagined that the apparently ________ businessman was really a criminal.A. respectiveB. respectableC. respectfulD. realistic12. Hurricanes are killer winds, and their ________ power lies in the physical damage they can do.A. cumulativeB. destructiveC. turbulentD. prevalent13. In some countries, students are expected to be quiet and ________ in the classroom.A. skepticalB. faithfulC. obedientD. subsidiary14. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally ______.A. deterioratedB. dispersedC. dissipatedD. drained15. For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly ______ by a dictator.A. depressedB. immersedC. oppressedD. cursed16. Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______ towards producing workers.A. harnessedB. hatchedC. motivatedD. geared17. The prospect of increased prices has already ______ worries.A. provokedB. irritatedC. inspiredD. hoisted18. You should have put the milk in the ice box; I expect it ________ undrinkable by now.A. becameB. had becomeC. has becomeD. becomes19. Codes are a way of writing something in secret; ________, anyone who doesn't know the codewill not be able to read it.A. that isB. worse stillC. in shortD. on the other hand20. Our house is about a mile from the station and there are not many houses ________.A. in betweenB. among themC. far apartD. from each other21. Understanding the cultural habits of another nation, especially ________ containing as manydifferent subcultures as the United States, is a complex task.A. oneB. the oneC. thatD. such22. You can't be ________ careful in making the decision as it was such a critical case.A. veryB. quiteC. tooD. so23. The ratio of the work done by the machine ________ the work done on it is called theefficiency of the machine.A. againstB. withC. toD. for24. ________ the flood, the ship would have reached its destination on time.A. In case ofB. In spite ofC. Because ofD. But for25. I ________ to him because he phoned me shortly afterwards.A. ought to have writtenB. must have writtenC. couldn't have writtenD. needn't have written26. No longer are contributions to computer technology confined to any one country; ________ isthis more true than in Europe.A. hardlyB. littleC. seldomD. nowhere27. ____in the past, at the moment it is a favorite choice for the wedding gown.A. Unpopular has as white beenB. White has been as unpopularC. Unpopular has been as whiteD. Unpopular as white has been28. ____for a long time, the fields are all dried up.A. There has been no rainB. Having no rainC. There having been no rainD. There being no rain29. Joseph’s car has a flat tire. now is to walk to the nearest telephone.A. That he can doB. All what he can doC. All that he can doD. He can do something30. Televisions enable us to see things happen almost at the exact moment____.A. which they are happeningB. they are happeningC. which they happenD. they have happenedPart Ⅱ Cloze (20%)Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter ofthe word(s) you have chosen with a single bar across the bracket on Answer SheetⅠ.Why does a company want to 31 its money with other people? There are several reasons. First, the company may 32 very well. It may need money to 33 . By selling shares of 34 , the company can get the money it needs. Sometimes, it is 35 for the company to go public for tax reasons. Because of the tax 36 , the company may save money on taxes by selling shares on the stock exchange. Sometimes, a company may owe a lot of money 37 banks. By selling shares of stock, it may be able to pay the banks. Many companies sell stock for this reason. However, the reasons why companies sell their stocks on the stock exchange are often 38 . In general, all companies 39 sell shares of stock on the stock exchange need to 40 money for one reason or another.Investors 41 buy shares of stock in a company may make money in two ways. They may begin to make money 42 . Suppose that a person invests in a company, and the company makes money. The company shares this money with the 43 . This money that is shared is called a 44 . Dividends are usually sent to investors once every three months while they 45 the stock. A second way that investors may 46 is to sell the stock at a higher price than they 47 when they bought it. The 48 of each share of stock goes up if the company does well. It may also 49 for many other reasons. But when it does go up, a person may sell it and make a 50 .31. A. distract B. permeate C. share D. recede32. A. have done B. be doing C. do D. have been doing33. A. perplex B. dominate C. integrate D. expand34. A. stake B. stock C. stalk D. stack35. A. potential B. advantageous C. sensitive D. actual36. A. utilities B. contributions C. earnings D. laws37. A. to B. for C. on D. from38. A. complex B. essential C. comprehensive D. understandable39. A. what B. that C. which D. while40. A. locate B. admit C. proclaim D. raise41. A. who B. which C. until D. if42. A. by mistake B. to date C. on earth D. right away43. A. observer B. director C. investor D. instructor44. A. tuition B. postage C. tip D. dividend45. A. offer B. own C. convince D. equip46. A. sell money B. share money C. take money D. make money47. A. confronted B. extracted C. spilled D. paid48. A. price B. investment C. cost D. value49. A. tighten up B. stock up C. go up D. stir up50. A. profit B. benefit C. award D. inputPart Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (25%)Directions: There are 5 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on Answer SheetⅠwitha single line through the center.(1)Our culture has caused most Americans to assume not only that our language is universal but that the gestures we use are understood by everyone. We do not realize that waving good-bye is the way to summon a person from the Philippines to one’s side, or that in Italy and som e Latin-American countries, curling the finger to oneself is a sign of farewell.Those private citizens who sent packages to our troops occupying Germany after World War II and marked them GIFT to escape duty payments did not bother to find out that “Gift” means poison in German. Moreover, we like to think of ourselves as friendly, yet we prefer to be at least 3 feet or an arm’s length away from others. Latinos and Middle Easterners like to come closer and touch, which makes Americans uncomfortable.Our linguistic and cultural blindness and the casualness with which we take notice of the developed tastes, gestures, customs and languages of other countries, are losing us friends, business and respect in the world.Even here in the United States, we make few concessions to the needs of foreign visitors. There are no information signs in four languages on our public buildings or monuments; we do not have multilingual guided tours. Very few restaurant menus have translations, and multilingual waiters, bank clerks and policemen are rare. Our transportation systems have maps in English only and often we ourselves have difficulty understanding them.When we go abroad, we tend to cluster in hotels and restaurants where English is spoken. Then attitudes and information we pick up are conditioned by those natives—usually the richer—who speak English. Our business dealings, as well as the nation’s diplomacy, are conducted through interpreters.For many years, American dollars no longer buy all good things, and we are slowly beginning to realize that our proper role in the world is changing. A 1979 Harris poll reported that 55 percent of Americans want this country to play a more significant role in world affairs; we want to have a hand in the important decisions of the next century, even though it may not always be the upper hand.51. It can be inferred that Americans being approached too closely by Middle Easterners wouldmost probably ________.A. stand stillB. jump asideC. step forwardD. draw back52. The author gives many examples to criticize Americans for their ________.A. cultural self-centerednessB. casual mannersC. indifference towards foreign visitorsD. arrogance towards other cultures53. In countries other than their own most Americans ________.A. are isolated by the local peopleB. are not well informed due to the language barrierC. tend to get along well with the nativesD. need interpreters in hotels and restaurants54. According to the author, Americans’ cultural bl indness and linguistic ignorance will ________.A. affect their image in the new eraB. cut themselves off from the outside worldC. limit their role in world affairsD. weaken the position of the US dollar55. The author’s intention in writi ng this article is to make Americans realize that ________.A. it is dangerous to ignore their foreign friendsB. it is important to maintain their leading role in world affairsC. it is necessary to use several languages in public placesD. it is time to get acquainted with other cultures(2)Your friends might be in Australia or maybe just down the road, but they are all just a few clicks away. Life has changed for millions of teenagers across the world who now make friends online. Whether you use chat rooms, QQ, MSN or ICQ, you are part of a virtual community.“I rarely talk with my parents or grandparents, but I talk a lot with my old friends on QQ,” said Fox’s Shadow, the online nickname used by a Senior 2 girl in China. “Eighty percent of my classmates use QQ after school.”QQ is the biggest messaging service in China. A record shows 4 million people used it one Saturday night in October, according to Tencent, the company which developed QQ.And Fox's Shadow might well have been one of them. “I log in on Friday nights, and Saturdays or Sundays when I feel bored. I usually spend about 10 hours chatting online every week,” she said. “But I rarely talk with strangers, especially boys or men.”Even though she likes chatting, she is careful about making friends with strangers online. “You don’t know who you’re talking to. You should always be careful about who you trust online.”Many people would like to meet offline when they feel they have got to know someone very well. Fox’s Shadow once met one of her online friends face to face. It was a girl who was a comic fan like herself and they went to a comic show together.However, not all teenagers have been so fortunate. At the beginning of this year, a 17-year-old girl in Liaoning Province was raped after meeting a friend she had found on QQ. The criminal wasn’t caught until last month.A 16-year-old Beijing boy, known online as Bart Simon, dislikes QQ users. “I used to chat on QQ, but I found that most people were talking nonsense,”he said. Now he chats online in English, using MSN. “I only chat online because I’ve got friends in Japan, the US and Singapore,”he said.“I want to learn more about foreign cultures.” But he spends little time chatting as he sees it a waste of time and money.“If you are really addicted to it, sometimes you just can’t concentrate in class,” he said. “And the friends in your real life are always more important than those so-called friends you meet online.56. This passage centers on .A. teenagers making friends onlineB. the advantages of the InternetC. the functions of chat rooms, QQ, MSN, or ICQD. the internet changing your life57. Which of the following is true about Fox’s Shadow?A. She often talks with her relatives on QQ.B. She has a strong sense of self-protection.C. She is a senior at college.D. She logs in every night.58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. People, both old and young, like to get online.B. Girls prefer QQ better than boys.C. There is no danger for male QQ users, even if they meet each other.D. QQ users like to talk face to face after sometime of intercourse online.59. What is Not the Beijing boy’s opinion of chatting online?A. He can’t practice oral English if he uses QQ.B. Chatting online with Chinese friends is a waste of time and money.C. Most topics for conversation on QQ are meaningless.D. He can learn foreign cultures through MSN.60. This passage may be a .A. a lectureB. an essayC. a reportD. an editorial(3)What most people don’t realize is that wealth isn’t the same as income. If you make $ 1 million a year and spend $ 1 million, you’re not getting wealthier, you’re just living high. Wealth is what you accumulate, not what you spend.The most successful accumulators of wealth spend far less than they can afford on houses, cars, vacations and entertainment. Why? Because these things offer little or no return. The wealthy would rather put their money into investments or their businesses. It’s an attitude.Millionaires understand that when you buy a luxury house, you buy a luxury life style too. Your property taxes skyrocket, along with the cost of utilities and insurance, and the prices of nearby services, such as grocery stores, tend to be higher.The rich man’s attitude can also be seen in his car. Many drive old unpretentious sedans. Sam Walton, billionaire founder of the Wal-Mart Store, Inc., drove a pickup truck.Most millionaires measure success by net worth, not income. Instead of taking their money home, they plow as much as they can into their businesses, stock portfolios and other assets. Why? Because the government doesn’t tax wealth; it taxes income you bring home for consumption, the more the government taxes.The person who piles up net worth fastest tends to put every dollar he can into investments, not consumption. All the while, of course, he’s reinvesting his earnings from investments and watching his net worth soar. That’s the attitude as well.The best wealth-builders pay careful attention to their money and seek professional advice. Those who spend heavily on cars, boats and buses, I’ve found, tend to skimp on investment advice. Those who skimp on the luxuries are usually more willing to pay top dollar for good legal and financial advice.The self-made rich develop clear goals for their money. They may wish to retire early, or they may want to leave an estate to their children. The goals vary, but two things are consistent: they have a dollar figure in mind--the amount they want to save by age 50, perhaps -- and they work unceasingly toward that goal.One thing may surprise you. If you make wealth--not just income--your goal, the luxury house you’ve been dreaming about won’t seem so alluring. You’ll have the attitude.61. Which of the following statements is true?A. Wealth is judged according to the life style one has.B. Inheritance builds an important part in one’s wealth.C. High income may make one live high and get rich t the same time.D. Wealth is more of what one has made than anything else.62. By the author’s opinion, those who spend money on luxury houses and cars_____.A. will not be taxed by the governmentB. have accumulated wealth in another senseC. live high and have little savedD. can show that they are among the rich63. The rich put their money into business because_____.A. they can get much in return to build their wealthB. they are not interested in luxury houses and carsC. their goal is to develop their companyD. that is the only way to spend money yet not to be taxed by the government64. The U.S. government doesn’t tax what you spend money on _____.A. carsB. housesC. stockD. boats65. To become wealthy, one should______.A. seek as much income as he canB. work hard unceasinglyC. stick to the way he livesD. save up his earnings(4)Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional service firms (for example, firms providing advertising, accounting, or health care services) have considered offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction. Such guarantees specify what clients can expect and what the firm will do if it fails to fulfill these expectations. Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional guarantee can be an effective marketing tool if the client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the negative consequences of bad service are grave, or business is difficult to obtain through referrals and word-of-mouth.However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that failure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause clients to doubt the service firm’s ability to deliver th e promised level of service. It may confl ict with a firm’s desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that it is begging for business. In legal and health careservices, it may mislead clients by suggesting that law suits or medical procedures will have guaranteed outcomes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstanding reputations and performance to match have little to gain from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm that implements an unconditional guarantee without undertaking a corresponding commitment to quality of service is merely employing a potentially costly marketing gimmick.66. The primary purpose of this passage as a whole is to .A. account for the popularity of a practiceB. evaluate the usefulness of a practiceC. demonstrate how to institute a practiceD. explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy67. Which of the following statements concerning unconditional guarantees is Not mentioned inthe passage?A. They are helpful when firms want to retain their long-standing clients.B. They are effective when firms want to get business through client recommendations.C. They are useful when firms charge substantial fees for its services.D. They are feasible when firms suffer from significant adverse effects of poor service.68. Which of the following is a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditionalguarantees of satisfaction?A. To limit their liability.B. To compete successfully with their rivals.C. To justify their fee increases.D. To attain an outstanding reputation in a field.69. An unconditional guarantee may create an impression on the client that the firm .A. tends to be suspicious of the client’s financial statusB. does not want to beg for businessC. may have some problems with its managementD. is not sophisticated enough to be able to provide good service70. Which of the following is true, according to the passage’s description of the issue raised byunconditional guarantees for health care or legal services？A. The standards of practice of the legal and medical professions could be violated by attemptsto fulfill such unconditional guarantees.B. The result of a lawsuit or medical procedure can hardly be predicted by the professionalshandling a client’s case.C. The dignity of the legal and medical professions could be undermined by any attempts atmarketing professional services, such as offering unconditional guarantees.D. Clients whose lawsuits or medical procedures have unsatisfactory outcomes cannot beadequately compensated by financial settlements alone.(5)Recent studies on the male-female wage gap predict that even though entry-level salaries for males and females in the same occupation are nearly equal because women’s market skills have improved vastly, the chances of the overall gap closing in the foreseeable future are minimal. This is due to several factors that are likely to change very slowly, if at all. An important reason is thatwomen are concentrated in occupation —service and clerical —that pay less than traditional male jobs. It is possible that more women than men in their twenties are hesitant to commit themselves to a year-round lifetime career or job for many reasons. There is lingering attitude on both the part of women and their employers that women are not cut out for certain jobs. Not only does this attitude channel women into lower-paying work，but it also serves to keep them from top management positions.Another significant factor in the widening wage gap between men and women after entering the work force, even in comparable jobs, is that women often drop out at critical points in their careers to have a family. Women still have the primary responsibility for child rearing; even if they continue to work, they often forgo overtime and promotions that would conflict with home responsibilities. The ages of 25 to 35 have been shown repeatedly to be the period when working consistently and hard is vital to advancement and job security. These are precisely the years when women are likely to have children and begin to slide away from men in earning power. Consequently, a woman’s income is more likely to be s een as secondary to her husband’s.71. According to recent studies on the male-female wage gap, ____ .A. there is much hope of narrowing the male-female wage gap in the near futureB. working women will have many opportunities to hold high-paying jobs in the near futureC. women’s pay will still stay at a level below that of men in the near futureD. salaries for males and females in the same occupation will be equal in the near future72. Women are kept from top management positions partly because they .A. decide to devote themselves to certain lifetime jobs in their twentiesB. are inclined to rank family second to workC. tend to have more quarrels with their employersD. still take an incorrect attitude towards themselves73. Which of the following is implied in the passage as a partial reason for women’s concentrationin certain occupations？A. Social division of labor.B. Social prejudice against them.C. Employment laws.D. Physiological weakness.74. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .A. men’s jobs are subject to changeB. women tend to be employed off and on at the same jobC. men’s chances of promotion are minimalD. women used to be employed all the year round75. Which of the following statements is NOT true？A. Women’s market skills have improved greatly.B. Child care is still chiefly women’s work.C. Women are typically employed in clerical and service jobs.D. Domestic duties no longer conflict with women’s jobs.Paper Two（注意：以下各题的答案必须写在Answer Sheet Ⅱ上）Part Ⅳ Translation (25%)Section A (10%)Directions: Put the following into Chinese. Write your Chinese version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.Faith and science have at least one thing in common: both are lifelong searches for truth. But while faith is an unshakable belief in the unseen, science is the study of testable, observable phenomena. The two coexist, and may at times complement each other. But neither should be asked to validate or invalidate the other. Scientists have no more business questioning the existence of God than the theologians had telling Galileo the Earth was at the center of the universe.Science is in a perpetual state of becoming. Yesterday’s observations give rise to today’s theories, which will be tested through painstaking research. Just as any good scientist must be ready to abandon a bad idea, he or she must continue to support the results of unbiased evidence and experimentation.Section B (15%)Directions: Put the following into English. Write your English version on Answer Sheet Ⅱ.1995年，第四次世界妇女大会在北京召开，这使得中国妇女的状况备受世界关注。

2014华南师范大学333教育学综合考研真题答案

2014华南师范大学333教育综合考研真题一、名词解释1、设计教学法克伯屈（进步教育著名的教育家,设计教学法之父），设计教学法（理论基础是桑代克的联结主义心理学）：1，强调有目的的活动是设计教学法的核心，儿童自动的、自发地有目的学习是设计教学法的本质；2，取消分科教学，取消现有的教科书，把学校有目的的活动作为所设计的学习单元；3，四个步骤：确定目的—制定计划—实施计划—评估结果.2、人的全面发展马克思主义人的全面发展学说:人的全面发展是指人的劳动能力的全而发展。

其次，人的全而发展是指人的体力和智力的全面发展。

马克思从资本主义的劳动分工中分析了工人在生产劳动中体力和智力两个方而的片而发展。

最后，人的全而发展是指人的先天和后天的各种才能、志趣、道德和审美能力的充分发展，即人的个性的自由发展。

人的全面发展必须具备的社会条件:①人的发展是与社会的发展相一致的，工厂手工业的分工加剧工人片面发展。

②生产力高速发展的大工业社会为人的全面发展提供了物质基础。

③实现全面发展的人的根本途径是教育与生产劳动相结合。

在教育学上的重要意：①确立了科学的人的发展观。

②指明了人的全面发展的历史必然。

③为我国教育目的的制定奠定了理论基础。

3、贝尔·兰喀斯特制（11陕西 14华东 12北师）4、心理健康（14 华中 13北师 13华南）5、社会规范学习（12浙江）社会学习理论是由美国心理学家班杜拉提出，它着眼于观察学习和自我调节在引发人的行为中的作用，重视人的行为和环境的相互作用，以往的学习理论家一般都忽视了社会变量对人类行为的制约作用。

二、简答题1、简述德育原则：教育影响一致性和连贯性的内含及要求。

教育影响的一致性和连续性原则是指进行德育应当有目的、有计划地把来自各方面对学生的教育影响加以组织、整合，使其相互配合、协调一致、前后连贯地发挥作用，以保障学生的品德能按德育目的的要求发展。

基本要求是：（1)组建教师集体，使校内的教育影响一致；（2)正确认识和发挥学校教育的引领作用，使学校、家庭和社会各方而对学生的教育影响达到最佳状态(3)做好衔接工作，使对学生的教育前后连贯和一致。

试题

2014年华中师范大学学科教学(思政)考研真题（回忆版）一、简答题1.高中思想政治课的理念2.教学设计的内容3.高中思想政治教材的特点4.思想政治教学评价的种类5.简要介绍案例教学模式和基本操作程序二、论述题1.教师专业发展的基本途径2.启发式在思想政治教学中运用的基本要求三、小论文。

材料大概就是围绕生活开展教育，自选主题，不少于1000字。

2013年华中师大学科教学（思政）806教学论真题（完整版）一、简答：10分1题，共6题1、高中思想政治课的课程理念2、教学模式演变发展的趋势3、思政课教学评价的原则4、思政课教学方案设计的基本要求5、课程标准的含义及作用6、教学最优化的含义及标准二、论述：20分1题，共2题1、新课改的发展历程及给思想政治课带来的变化2、常言道：教学有法，教无定法，贵在得法。

如何理解这句话。

三、小论文：1题50分主要讲述一位有着30多年教龄的俄国教师，在一堂公开课中，听课的领导和教师本想做些记录以做评价，但听得太入神竟忘了做记录。

课后，一位教师问：“您的课讲得非常好，每一句话都有很大的感染力，这节课您不止花了一小时去准备吧？”答曰：“我用了一辈子的时间去准备，实际上，每一堂课我都用了一生的时间去准备，而就这节课或者这个课题我只准备了15分钟。

”要求：1、根据材料蕴含的深刻寓意，自选角度，自主命题写一篇小论文，字数不少于1200字。

2012年一、简答：10分1题，6题共60分1、生活化理论2、资源类型3、课程标准和教材（与教学的）关系4、课堂教学要求5、说课内容6、传统教学媒体和现代媒体的关系二、论述：20分1题，2题共40分1、思政与德育的关系2、教学评价的基本追求三、小论文：50分1题教师素养复试真题：只有5道题，共100分1、生活化理论2、课程标准和教材（与教学的）关系3、课堂教学要求4、说课内容5、教学方法的选择2014教育综合一、选择教育学研究对象制约教育时也发展的规模和速度的是提高教学质量的关键学校的工作中心活动课程提出者平民教育家国防教育法自我效能感的提出者布卢姆的教育目标认知情感？社会契约原则是柯尔伯格的哪个阶段二、名词解释学校教育教育制度苏格拉底方法元认知三、简答现代教育的生态文明德育途径蔡元培的教育方针心理健康的标准四、论述联系中小学实际论述处理直接关系和间接关系卢梭的自然主义教育和当代社会价值接受学习和发现学习的异同2013年二．名词解释体育形成性评价白板说程序性知识三。

2014年华东师范大学884思想政治教育原理考研真题【圣才出品】

2014年华东师范大学884思想政治教育原理考研真题
考试科目代码及名称：884思想政治教育原理
招生专业（领域）名称：思想政治教育
一、简答题（20×4）
1．简述思想政治教育的概念及其涵义。

2．试论思想政治教育的思想和行为范畴，思想政治教育如何促使受育者达到知行统一？
3．试析思想政治教育的个体性功能，思想政治教育应如何发挥其功能？
4．什么是思想政治教育的“双向互动律”？如何理解思想政治教育中教育者与受教育者的主客体关系？
二、论述题（35×2）
1．试论“中国梦”视域下的青年理想信念教育。

2．试述建设社会主义文化强国的战略思想，并联系大学生的实际，提出高校培养大学生文化自觉和文化自信的思路与举措。

1 / 1。

2014年华东师范大学在职研究生考试政治理论复习资料

第一部分：毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论一、复习用书高等教育出版社2010年版《毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论》二、知识要点1．“马克思主义中国化”概念的提出及科学内涵党的早期领导人李大钊称提出过马克思列宁主义应用到中国的实践当中去的思想，但当处在幼年，对这个问题没有形成深刻的、完整的、统一的认识。

党中央领导真正认识到这个问题的重要性是在1935年遵义会议以后。

就全党来说，则是在延安整风以后。

1938年，毛泽东在党的六届六中全会上作了题为《论新阶段》的政治报告，最先提出了“马克思主义中国化”这个命题。

马克思主义中国化，就是将马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合。

具体地说，就是把马克思主义的基本原理更进一步地和中国实践、中国历史、中国文化结合起来，使马克思主义在中国实现民族化和具体化，即：（1）马克思主义中国化就是运用马克思主义解决中国革命、建设和改革的实际问题。

（2）马克思主义中国化就是把中国革命、建设和改革的实践经验和历史经验提升为理论。

（3）马克思主义中国化就是把马克思主义植根于中国的优秀文化之中。

2．马克思主义中国化的重要意义第一，马克思主义中国化的理论成果指引着党和人民的伟大事业不断取得胜利。

第二，马克思主义中国化的理论成果提供了凝聚全党和全国各族人民的强大精神支柱。

第三，马克思主义中国化倡导和体现了对待马克思主义的科学态度和优良作风，不断开拓马克思主义在中国发展的新境界。

3．毛泽东思想的科学含义马克思主义中国化的第一个重大理论成果是毛泽东思想。

它是马克思列宁主义在中国的运用和发展，是被实践证明了的关于中国革命和建设的正确的理论原则和经验总结，是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶。

党的第七次全国代表大会把它确立为党的指导思想。

4．毛泽东思想的历史地位和指导意义（1）马克思主义中国化第一次历史性飞跃的理论成果。

（2）中国革命和建设的科学指南。

（3）中国共产党和中国人民宝贵的精神财富。

2014华中师范大学语言研究所考博真题

汉语语法学
1. 举例说明非谓语形容词的语法特性。

（25’）
2. 方位词有哪些？说说汉语方位词的语法特征和语义特征。

（25’）
3. 说“好像”。

（25’）
4. 从语用学的角度，讨论下面的例子。

（25’）
你再说一句话，我就打你一个耳刮子，两句话，两耳光，三句三个。

-金庸《天龙八部》
语言学
1. 说明语言符号的稳固性与渐变性及其关系。

（25’）
2. 语境主要包括哪些因素？它对话语的理解有什么作用？（25’）
3. 亲属关系词在不同的语言中有什么特点？从文化语言学的角度加以分析。

（25’）
4. 汉语语言学应该如何发展？谈谈你对“古为今用”，“洋为中用”的理解。

（25’）。

2014年华师政治点题班资料

诚信应考，考试作弊将带来严重后果！ 2014年广东本科插班生考试《政治理论》点题押题试卷试卷（2014.3）注意事项：1. 考前请将密封线内各项信息填写清楚； 2. 所有答案请直接答在试卷上； 3．考试形式：闭卷 4. 本试卷共五大题，满分100分，考试时间120分钟。

题号一二三四五总分得分评卷人一、单项选择题 1．党的早期领导人（ B ）曾提出要把马克思列宁主义应用到中国的实践当中去的思想。

A. 陈独秀 B. 李大钊 C. 毛泽东 D. 周恩来 2. 明确提出“实事求是”是毛泽东思想精髓的是（ B ） A. 刘少奇 B. 邓小平 C. 江泽民 D. 胡锦涛 3．毛泽东指出，解决中国一切革命问题的最基本的根据是（ D ） A . 正确分析中国社会的阶级状况 B . 正确分析中国社会的经济结构 C . 认清中国社会的特殊国情 D . 认清中国社会的主要矛盾 4．党在过渡时期总路线的实质是（ A ） A ．改变生产资料的私有制 B ．发展生产力 C ．消灭剥削阶级 D ．改造个体农民和手工业者 5．消灭剥削的物质条件是（ .D ） A ﹒实行公有制 B ﹒实行按劳分配 C ﹒市场经济高度发达 D ﹒生产力高度发达 6．社会主义初级阶段的主要矛盾是（ .B ）。

A.生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾 B.人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾 C.人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产力之间的矛盾 D.人口增长与经济发展不相适应的矛盾 7．我国的对外开放格局是（ C ）。

A. 对内改革、对外开放 B. “请进来”与“走出去”相结合 C. 全方位、多层次、宽领域 D. 国内国际两个市场、两种资源相结合 _____________ ________准考证号学校专业座位号 ( 密封线内不答题 ) ……………密………………………………………………封………………………………………线……………………………………8.按劳分配是马克思主义的一项基本原则，它是社会主义公有制经济中的（ .D ） A.社会总产品分配原则 B.国民收入分配原则 C.生产资料分配原则 D.个人消费品分配原则 9．新中国成立后，人民当家作主根本政治制度是（ B ）。

华南师范大学考研思政历年真题(07-13年)

华南师范大学研究生考试历年真题——思想政治教育专业（这是本人整理的历年真题，包括马克思主义基本原理概论和马克思主义中国化概论两门专业课，从2007年到2013年，希望能够对大家有所帮助。

有什么错误的地方，还请大家多多指教，谢谢！）2007年2007年马克思主义基本原理试题一、名词解释：（共40分）1.物质物质是标志客观实在的哲学范畴，这种客观实在是人通过感觉感知的，它不依赖于人的感觉而存在，为我们的感觉锁反映、复写、摄影。

2.意识从意识的起源看，意识是物质世界发展到一定阶段的产物；从意识的本质讲，意识是客观存在在人脑中的反映。

3.联系事物、现象、过程之间及其内部诸要素之间相互影响．．、相互．．、相互作用制约．．。

4.自由是对必然的认识自由是在对必然即规律的自觉认识和依据此认识对世界能动的改造基础上实现的人的发展；必然是客观事物所固有的规律性。

5.否定之否定肯定和否定也指事物发展过程中的肯定阶段和否定阶段。

指事物的发展是通过它自身的辩证否定实现的。

当肯定方面居于主导地位时，事物保持现有的性质，当事物内部的否定方面战胜肯定方面并居于矛盾的主导地位时，事物的性质、特征就发生变化，旧事物就转化为新事物。

事物的发展就是从肯定到否定再到否定之否定，即在扬弃中实现自我发展、自我完善的过程。

6、偶然与必然是对原因与结果的深化，是揭示事物的发生、发展与灭亡的两种不同趋势。

偶然是事物联系发展中的摇摆不定的趋势；必然是事物联系发展中合乎规律的、确定不移的趋势，具有确定性。

7、假象假象是由客观事物本身决定并歪曲反映事物本质的一种特殊现象，它是第一性的与错觉不同性质。

8、道德道德是调整．．人与人之间、人与社会之间关系的行为规范的总和，包括伦理思想以及其指导下的人的行为所体现的情感、情操等。

（是意识形态上层建筑的组成部分）二、简答（选五题，共50分）：1.恩格斯说：“当费尔巴哈是一个唯物主义者的时候,历史在他的视野之外;当他去探讨历史的时候,他不是一个唯物主义者,在他那里,唯物主义和历史观是脱离的。

2014年华东师范大学考博专业课真题(课程与教学论)

课程与教学论题目（四选二，每题不少于1500字）
1、试论古代、近代和现代媒体对学习方式的影响
2、试论新课程改革对教师专业发展提出什么样的挑战，并提出应对对策
3、试论促进学习的课堂教学评价的设计
4、试论课程实施及其意义
教育心理学题目（三选二）
1、学生的原有知识对教师的教学和学生的学习的影响
2、论述教育心理学关于认知策略的共同观点（一致观点）
3、美国前教育部长贝尔说：“教育要记住三件事，第一件是动机，第二件还是动机，第三件也是动机。

”请用教育心理学的观点和研究，阐释贝尔的观点。

2013,2014年思想政治教育专业真题（合集5篇）

2013,2014年思想政治教育专业真题（合集5篇）第一篇：2013,2014年思想政治教育专业真题2013年思想政治教育专业真题（马原）一、简答1、联系实际论述马克思主义追重要的理论品质（20）2、简述相对剩余价值理论及其对现实的意义（20）3、联系十八大的重要思想，说说我们应该怎么样社会改革（20）二、论述1、真理和现实的辩证关系及其对现实的意义2、有人说经济全球化就是“资本主义全球化”解析这一观点2013年（思想政治教育学原理）一、简答1、简述思想政治教育的过程的概念和矛盾（20）2、简述思想政治教育的教育对象的主体性（20）3、简述思想政治教育的内容（20）二、论述1、联系实际论述思想政治教育在社会建设中的功能和任务（50分）2、联系实际论述生态环境对思想政治的影响（40分）2014年（马原）1、如何做出科学合理的价值评价2、在资本主义生产自动化条件下剩余价值的来源是什么（30）3、垄断利润的实质、来源和影响4、社会主义的民主是新型的民主5、马克思主义政党是社会主义建设的领导核心三、联系马克思的原话写一篇小论文，关于实践方面的2014年（原理）1、简述思想政治教育者的客体性2、简述思想政治教育过程的规律3、思想政治教育的政治功能二、论述题1、论述思想政治教育的基本方法（50）2、论述思想政治教育的网络载体（40）2012年原理简答题1、思想政治教育的地位2、思想政治教育环境的特点3、运用思想政治教育方法的要求（20）论述题1、联系实际说明文化环境对思想政治教育的影响（50）2、联系实际说明思想政治教育这和思想政治教育对象的关系（40）2011年原理1、简述思想政治教育学的研究对象和学科特点2、简述学校环境的特点3、简述人的思想品德形成发展过程（20）论述题1、联系实际论述思想政治教育的根本任务（50）2、联系实际论述大众传媒载体的思想政治教育功能（40）2010年原理一、简述题1、简述思想政治教育功能的特点2、简述思想政治教育这的主要素质3、简述思想政治教育过程的特点二、论述题1、联系实际论述宏观环境对思想政治教育的影响（50）2、联系实际论述思想政治教育的基本方法（40）2012年马原1、马克思经典作家展望未来社会的科学态度和方法2、社会形态更替的必然性和人民的历史选择性3、如何探索如何本国国情的社会主义道路二、论述题1、为什么说社会生活在本质上是实践的（40）2、联系实际说明“马克思主义政党为什么是新型的政党”（50）第二篇：武汉大学思想政治教育专业2012年真题2012年武汉大学思想政治教育专业考研真题原理与方法一、名解（每题6分）1、思想政治教育的目的性2、思想动机3、社会公德4、理想5、思想政治教育载体二、简答（每题20分）1、简述人的全面发展理论的主要内容2、键鼠思想政治教育的导向作用3、简述坚持教育与自我教育相结合三、论述（每题30分）1、怎样理解思想政治素质是人的最重要的素质？2、怎样弘扬以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神？比较德育学一、名解（每题6分）1、全面主义模式2、德育主体中心论3、比较分析法4、政治社会化5、永恒主义二、简答（每题20分）1、简述混合德育模式的主要特点2、简述联邦德国公民教育的内容3、简述资产阶级学校德育的个人发展目的结构三、论述（每题30分）1、试评析西方古、近代思想家关于品德产生和发展的主要观点2、试析西方德育环境建设的经验及其对我国的借鉴意义第三篇：北师大2011年考研真题(思想政治教育专业)2011年北师大考研真题专业课一：725中国特色社会主义理论一、简答题（共6道，每题10分，总分60分）1、什么是马克思主义中国化？2、邓小平理论的主要内容是什么？3、“三个代表”重要思想的主要内容及其相互关系。