科技英语构词法和单词共78页

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[精品]科技英语构词法和单词

（二）合成形容词
1.形容词+名词
new-type 新型的 long-time 持久的，长期的 quick-change ？善变的

2.名词+分词：
i）名词+现在分词：有主动含义，其中名词相当于动作的宾语 ii）名词+过去分词：有被动含义，其中名词相当于动作的发出者 chinese-speaking people 说汉语的人 sound-absorbing material ？吸声材料 man-made satellite 人造卫星
（二）由形容词转换为动词
形容词 Clean 干净的 Dry 干燥的 Better 好的动词 clean 使干净，清洁 dry 干燥，弄干 better 改善
（三）由副词转换为动词
副词动词 Up 向上 up 提高 Back 向后 back倒车，后退 Forward 向前 forward推进源自5.名词+形容词：
此类合成形容词中的名词，有时是比喻的对象

paper-thin 薄如纸的 colour-blind 色盲的 skin-deep ？肤浅的;轻微的；皮毛的;表面的
2.2 转化法（Conversion）

在现代英语的发展过程中，基本上摒弃了词尾的变化，可以把一个单词直接由一种词类转化为另一种词类，这种构词法称为转化法。其基本特点是保持了原来的词形，但改变了原来的词性、词义基本不变或稍有引申。

2.形容词+名词（adj.+n.）
其意义关系是前者修饰后者蓝图 Blueprint 元素周期表 periodic table 混合粉 mixed-powder 原子量 atomic weight

科技英语基本词汇汇总

科技英语基本词汇数学absolute value 绝对值acute angle 锐角aggregate 集合algebra代数；代数学algorithm 算法analysis 分析analysis of variance 方差分析analytic function分析函数；解析函数analytic geometry 分析几何analytic number theory 分析数论angle 角angular 角的area面积arithmetic 算术axiomatic set theory 公理集合论calculus of finite difference 有限差演算calculus of variations 变分法cardinal number 基数category 范畴central limit theorem 中心极限定理circle 圆circular points at infinity 圆点class field theory 类域论classical group 典型群common factor 公因数complex function 复变函数complex number 复数cone圆锥体congruence 同余conjugate function 共轭函数constant 常数convolution 卷积coordinate system 坐标系correlation analysis 相关分析curve 曲线curve of second degree 二次曲线cylinder圆柱体data anlysis数据分析decimal 小数decision analysis 决策分析denominator 分母derivative 导数determinant 行列式developable surface 可展曲面differential 微分differential and integral calculus 微积分学differential calculus 微分学differential coefficient 导数differential topology 微分拓扑学dimension 维数divisibility 整除elementary function 初等函数elimination method 消元法ellipse 椭圆elliptic function 椭圆函数entropy 熵equal sign "等号equation等式；方程式error误差even number 偶数extract roots 开方；求根extremum 极值field 域figure图形finite field 有限域formula (pl. formulae) 公式function 函数functional 泛函数fuzzy logic模糊逻辑game theory 博弈论generalized inverse matrix 广义逆矩阵geometry几何学golden section 黄金分割harmonic function 调和函数hyperbola双曲线improper integral 广义积分incenter 内心indeterminate 不定方程inequality 不等式infinitesimal 无穷小infinity无穷大integral 积分integral calculus 积分学integral equation 积分方程integration 积分法interval analysis 区间分析limit极限linear线性的；一次的linear algebra 线性代数linear operator 线性算子line segment 线段logical calculus 逻辑演算mapping 映射matrix矩阵maximum function 极大函数minimal surface 极小曲面minus减去；负号model logic模态逻辑moment 矩nomogram 算图normal distribution 正态分布numerator 分子numerical analysis 数值分析obtuse angle 钝角odd number 奇数optimization 最优化optimization method 优选学origin 原点parabola抛物线paradox 悖论parallel平行；平行线recursion theory 递归论right angle 直角rotundity 圆形semicircle 半圆形series级数set集；集合side 边simple equation 一次方程式sphere球体；球面square正方形；平方；直角尺straight line 直线supplementary 互补surface 曲面symmetry 对称taper圆锥（形）trapezoid / trapezium 梯形triangle三角形trigonometry 三角学unknown （未知）元；未知数variable 变量variance变方差vector向量volume体积物理parallel algorithm 并行算法parallelogram平行四边形parameter 参数parity奇偶性partial derivative 偏导数perpendicular bisector 中垂线plane平面polygon多边形polyhedron 多面体polynomial 多项式positive sign 正号power 幕probability 概率quadratic 二次的radical sign 根号random variable 随机变量real number 实数rectangle长方形；矩形absolute zero绝对零度absorption 吸收acceleration加速；加速度acoustics 声学activator激活剂alkaline碱的；碱性的alloy合金alternating current （AC）交流电ampere安培ampere-meter 安培计annealing 退火antiparticle 反粒子atom原子atomic原子的atomic beam 原子束atmosphere 大气层calorie 卡elastic force 弹性力calorimetry 量热术elasticity弹性力学cell电池electromagnetic 电磁的Celsius temperature 摄氏温度electret驻极体centripetal force 向心力electric circuits 电路centre of gravity 重心electric current 电流centre of mass 质心electric field 电场centrifugal force 离心力electricity 电学charge电荷electric polarization 电极化coating涂层；覆盖electric potential 电位collision 碰撞electric power 电功率collider对撞机electroacoustics 电声学compass指南针electrocaloric effect 电热效应conservation of energy 能量、「恒electrolytic 电解的constraint 约束electromagnetic 电磁的continuum 连续体；连续介质electromagnetic induction 电磁感应convex凸起的electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射cosmic ray宇宙射线electromagnetic shielding 电磁屏敝coulomb 库伦electromagnetic wave 电磁波coupling 耦合electromagnetism 电磁学critical state 临界状态electron 电子cross section 截面electroscope 验电器crystal 晶体electrostatic field 静电场crystallization 结晶elementary particle 基本粒子crystallography 晶体学energy能量cyclotron回旋加速器enthalpy焓；热函damping 阻尼entropy 熵decay衰变exciton激子；激发子diamagnetism 抗磁性farad法拉dielectrics电介质；绝缘体ferroelectricity 铁电性diffraction 衍射fiber optics纤维光学diffusion 扩散first cosmic velocity 第一宇宙速度direct current (DC)直流电fission 裂变discharge 放电fluctuation 波动dislocation 位错fluid mechanics 流体力学dispersion 色散fluorescence荧光；荧光性displacement 位移force 力distortion 畸变free nergy自由能divergence 发散friction 摩擦Doppler effect多普勒效应fusion聚合drag阻力galvanometer 电流计drift漂移gaseous discharge 气体放电dynamics动力学generator发电机；发生器eddy current 涡电流gluon胶子grating 光栅neutron 中子gravitational interaction 引力相互作用nuclide 核素graviton 弓|力子ohm欧姆gravity wve 重力波ohmmeter欧姆计hadron强子optics光学heat transfer 热传递ozone臭氧层heavy lepton 重轻子parity宇称helium 氮phase 相holography全息摄影术phosphor荧光粉humidity 湿度photon光子hydrogen 氢plasma等离子体hyperon 超子pulley滑轮impulse 冲量pyrometer高温计incandescent lamp 白炽灯quark夸克inductance 电感quartz石英inertia 惯性quenching 淬火inertial force 惯性力reacting force 反作用力infrared ray红夕卜线radar雷达insulator绝缘体radiation 辐射ion离子radioactivity 辐射性ionic离子的raodiocarbon dating 碳定年ionize电离；使离子化recoil反冲isotope同位素reflection 反射jet喷注resistance 电阻joule焦耳resonance 共振（态）kinetic energy 动能reverberation 混响laser激光rolling 轧制latent heat 潜热screw螺旋lever杠杆semi-conductor 半导体lens透镜shock wave激波；冲■击波magnet磁体；磁铁soild固体magnetic field 磁场sonar声呐magnetics 磁学spectrum 光谱magnetization 磁化（强度）spin自旋mass质量stress应力meson介子superconductivity 超导电性microscope 显微镜swing振幅molecule 分子synchronizer同步装置moment力矩telescope望远镜momentum 动量temperature 温度multimeter万用（电）表tension 张力neucleon 核子transistor 晶体管neucleus原子核ultrasonic 超声的neutrino中微子ultraviolet ray 紫夕卜线universal gravitation 万有引力decomposition voltage 分解电压uranium 铀demulsification 胶凝作用vacuum真空dew point 露点velocity 速度dispersion phase 分散相vibration 振动electrode potential 电极电势viscosity粘性急electrolytic cell 电解池volt伏特electromotive force 电动势voltage 电压electrophoresis 电泳voltmeter伏特计embryo胚胎vortex涡旋energy level 能级weld焊接entropy 熵work 功enzyme 酶X ray X射线equilibrium state 平衡态ethane乙烷化学ethanol 乙醇eutectic point 低共熔点acid 酸excess pressure 附加压力absorbate吸附质extensive property 广延性质aerosol气溶胶ferment发酵；酵素alkali 碱freezing point 凝固点alkaline 碱（性）的gelatin 凝胶amino acid氨基酸gene基因anode阳极genome 基因组base 碱half cell半电池boiling point 沸点heat of dissociation 离解热bubble point 泡点heat of neutralization 中和热calorimetric entropy 量热熵heat pump 热泵capillarity毛细现象ionic strength 离子强度carbonification 碳化作用internal energy 内能catalyst催化剂intermolecular force 分子间力cathode 阴极latent heat 潜热chemical affinity 化学亲合势macromolecular solution 高分子溶液chemical potential 化学势mechanical equivalent of heat 热功当量clone克隆（无性系繁殖）metabolism新陈代谢compound化合物methane 甲烷composite reaction 复合反应microstate 微态condensation in capillary 毛细管凝结molecular distillation 分子蒸馏condensed state 凝聚态negative pole 负极conductivity 电导率negative adsorption 负吸附conductance 电导overheated liquid 过热液体consecutive reaction 连串反应oxidation氧化（作用）coulometer电量计；库伦计oxidation-reduction 氧化还原critical parameter 临界参数partial pressure 分压cyclic process 循环过程pascal帕斯卡phase change 相变band width 带宽photoreaction 光反应batch processing 成批处理photosensitized reaction 光敏反应BBS电子布告栏系统photosynthesis 光合作用binary code 二进制码polarization极化作用binary digit二进制位；二进制数字polyelectrolyte 聚（合）电解质bit比特,二进制的一位polyethylene 聚乙烯branch分支，支线polymer聚合物browser浏览器rectify 精馏brush电刷reduced temperature 对比温度buffer storage缓冲存储器relative viscosity 相对粘度byte字节relative volatility 相对挥发度calculator 计算器reversible process 可逆过程call instruction 呼叫指令salting out 盐析cancel取消saturated vapor 饱和蒸气card punch卡片穿孔机sedimentation 沉降card reader 卡片阅读机；读卡机solid phase line 固相线cell单元solid solution固态混合物channel 通道；信道solution 溶液character 字符straight chain reactions 单链反应check digit校验数位surface excess表面吸附量chip芯片thermodynamics 热力学circuit电路；线路transgenic转基因的click点击triple point 三相点clear清除；清零unimolecular reaction 单分子反应clock时钟vaporization 气化code代码；编码work content 功函coder编码员；编码器yield产率command 指令；命令compact disk (CD)光盘计算机专业compatible 兼容的compatibility 兼容性access arm磁头臂；存取臂compiler编译程序access time存取时间computer language 计算机语言adder加法器control unit 控制器address 地址core storage, core store 磁心存储器alphanumeric字母数字的counter计数器analog computer 模拟计算机CPU中央处理器analyst 分析员cybernetics 控制论area区域cycle循环array数组；阵列cursor光标ASCII美国信息交换标准码data数据assembler汇编程序data processing 数据处理audio音频debugging 调试band 区decision 制定delete删除library库,程序库desktop 桌面linkage 连接display显示屏line spacing single 单倍行距dialog box对话框load装入；寄存；写入；加载digit数字，数位，位location存储单元digital computer数字计算机logger登记器，记录器disc, disk 磁盘log in/on注册；登录display unit 显示装置loop循环driver驱动器machine language 机器语言drop-down menu 下拉菜单magnetic storage 磁存储器edit编辑magnetic tape 磁带EMS memory 内存main frame 主机encode编码matrix矩阵erase擦除；清洗；抹除memory 存储器feed馈送；供给menu菜单feedback 反馈message 信息；报文field字段；信息组，域microcomputer微型计算机file文件module组件；模块fire wall防火墙modify修改floppy disk 软盘monitor监视器；监督程序；管程flush left左对齐motherboard 主板folder文件夹mouse鼠标font字体multimedia 多媒体format格式nanosecond 毫微秒frame 帧network 网络；网hack黑客numeric, numerical数字的；数值的hard disk 硬盘octet 八位位组；八位字节help帮助operator 操作员highlight突出显示optical character reader 光符阅读机icon图标optical scanner 光扫描器identifier 标识符output输出index索引overflow 溢出；上溢information 信息panel平板inline processing 内处理parameter 参数；参里input 输入perforator 穿孔机inquiry 询问peripheral equipment外围设备；外部设备insert插入personal computer 个人计算机interactive 交互式printed circuit 印制电路instruction 指令printer打印机item项目；项printout打印输出jump转移process 处理key键,关键码processor微处理器keyboard 键盘processing unit 处理部件latency time等待时间program 程序program程序编制programmer 程序设计员programming程序设计；程序编制punch 穿孔punch 穿孔punched card, punch card 穿孔卡片punch hole 孑孔穿孑Lpunched tape, punch tape 穿孔纸带random access随机存取read读取reader阅读程序reading 阅读read-only file 只读文件real time 实时record, register 记录redundancy 冗余right-click 右击routine例行程序selector选择器，选择符sentinel 标i记sequence序列，顺序sequential 顺序的serial串行的.连续的server服务器shift移位，移数signal信号simulation 模拟simulator模拟器；模拟程序software软件；软设备sort分类，排序sorter分类人员；分类机；分类程序；排序程序sound box 音箱storage存储器store存储subroutine, subprogram 子程序switch 开关symbol 符号symbolic language 符号语言system系统table表格tabulator制表机teleprinter电传打字机terminal 终端terminal unit终端设备timer时钟；精密计时器time sharing 分时timing 定时toolbar工具按钮track磁道transducer传感器；翻译机translator翻译程序：翻译器tools工具update保更新view视图virus病毒visual视频window 窗口经贸acceptance 承兑acquisition 收购ad valorem duty 从价税after-sales service 售后服务amortization 分期偿还（欠款本息）anti-dumping 反倾销appreciation 升值arbitration 仲裁assessment 估价auction 拍卖auditing 审计average 海损bad debt 呆帐bail out财政援助balance of payment 国际收支差额balance sheet 资产负债表bank credit银行信贷bankrupt 破产bar chart 柱形图bar code 条形码bargain 讨价还价benchmark 基准beneficiary 受益人bill of entry 报关单bill of exchange 汇票bill of lading 提单blue chip蓝筹股board 董事会bonded warehouse 保税仓库bonus 红利brainstorming 集思广益brand loyalty 品牌忠诚度break-even point 收支相抵点broker 经纪人budget预算bulk goods散装货byproduct副产品telegraphic transfer 电汇capital gains 资本收益capital stock 股本carriage 运费certificate of origin 原产地证明chamber of commerce 商会claim索赔commission 佣金consignee收货人consumer durables 耐用消费品customize 定制dealer经销商debit card 借记卡decision-making 决策declaration of income 收入申报deficit 赤字deflation通货紧缩delivery note 交货单differentiation产品差异化distribution 分车肖diversification经营多样化Dow Jones Industrial Average 道琼斯工业平均指数down payment 首付；定金economic indicator 经济指数endorsement 背书enquiry 寻盘exchange control 外汇管制face value 面值floating rate 浮动汇率foreign exchange 夕卜汇franchise特许经营freelance 自由职业者free on board 离岸价futures market 期货市场gross domestic/national product 国内/国民生产总值hedging套期保值idle money 闲置资金import licence 进口许可证industrial tribunal 劳资仲裁庭inflation通货膨胀infrastructure 基础设施insurance policy 保险单interest rate 利率investment trust 投资信托公司joint venture 合资公司legal expense 诉讼费用letter of credit 信用证liquidation 清算management buyout管理层够入全部股权marginal cost 边际成本marine insurance 海运保险marketing mix 营销组合market segmentation 市场细分merger 合并mortgage抵押贷款net asset value 净资产值offer报盘off-season 淡季的option期权order 定单overdraft 透支overhead 经常费用patent 专利payoff 回报，赢利performance 业绩price discrimination 价格歧视portfolio投资组合product life cycle 产品生命周期promotion 促销public relations 公共关系quotation 报价rate of returns 收益率rationalization合理化改革real estate 房地产refund退款retail price 零售价securities 证券stock exchange 股票交易所subsidy 补贴surplus 过剩tariff关税trade deficit 贸易赤字transactions velocity of circulation 货币流通速度underwriter 承保人value added tax 增值税医学albomycin白霉素allergen过敏原allergy 过敏allergic reaction 过敏反应allergic rhinitis 过敏性鼻炎anaphylactic shock 过敏性休克anatomy解剖学anemia贫血anorexia厌食症apoplexy 中风arthritis关节炎beriberi脚气病blood pressure 血压blood test 验血blood type A A 血型；A 型血brainwave 脑波bronchitis支气管炎cancer癌症cerebral apoplexy 脑溢血cholera 霍乱circulatory system 循环系统clinic诊所color blindness 色盲common cold 感冒computerized tomography CT 扫描contraceptive 避孕用具cough咳嗽dentin牙质dentist牙科医生dermatologist皮肤科医生detoxification 解毒作用diabetes糖尿病dialysis 透析diarrhea 痢疾dissection 解剖eardrum / tympanic membrane 鼓膜electrocardiogram (ECG) 心电图electroencephalogram (EEG) 脑电图ENT (ear-nose-throat) doctor 耳鼻喉科医生epilepsy 癫痫erythromycin 红霉素gastric ulcers 胃溃疡glucose葡萄糖gynaecologist 妇科医生gynecology 妇科学head nurse 护士长heat stroke 中暑hormone 激素house surgeon住院外科医生hospitalization 住院治疗immune system 免疫系统infectiousdisease 传染病infertility 不孕injection 注射in-patient住院病人in-patient department 住院部intern实习医生in vitro fertilization 试管内受精leukemia白血病life expectancy 预期寿命lymph淋巴malnutrition 营养不良me asles 麻疹migraine偏头痛nutrition 营养obesity肥胖症obstetrician产科医生oculist眼科医生oligocardia心动徐缓oligoocholia胆汁过少oligospermia精子减少oligopnea呼吸迟缓oligosideremia 血铁减少oligochromimia血红蛋白过少oligocythmia红细胞减少oligosteatosis 皮脂减少oncologist肿瘤科医生ward病房ophthalmologist 眼科专家生物学ophthalmology 眼科学ophthalmic 眼炎orthopedist骨科医生out-patient门诊病人out-patient department 门诊部ovulation 排卵paediatrician 儿科医生paralysis 瘫痪penicillin 青霉素perspiration 排汗plastic surgeon整形外科医生pneumonia 肺炎radiologist放射科医生register / registration 挂号rejection排斥反应resident physician住院内科医生resistance 抵抗力rheumatoid arthritis类风湿性关节炎saturated fat饱和脂肪scarlatina 猩红热scurvy坏血病_ ♦^5?sinus 卖sinusitis鼻窦炎skin test 皮试smallpox 天花sphygmomanometer 血压计stethoscope 听诊器streptomycin 链霉素student nurse 实习护士syphilis 梅毒total lung capacity 总肺活量transplant operation 移植手术tuberculosis (TB)结核病tumor肿瘤typhoid fever 伤寒ultrasonic diagnosis B B 超urinalysis 尿检urologist 泌尿科医生vaccine 疫苗venous injection 静脉注射vomit呕吐chrom颜色chromophore 生色团chromosome 染色体chromatography 色谱法melan, melano, nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞xantho, flavo, fla, flavi, lute 黄xanthophyl 叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌吟flavin(e)黄素flavone 黄酮letein黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌吟二核苷酸erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf 红erythrocyte 红细胞erythromycin 红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素chloro, chlor 绿，氯chlorophyll 叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol 氯霉素cyan, cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanide氰化物aur, glid, chrys 金色aureomycin 金霉素chrysose金藻淀粉chrysanthemum 菊花glidstone金沙石glid镀金leu, leuco, leuk, leuko, blan, alb 无色，白色leucine亮氨酸albomycin白霉素earn, my, mya, myo肉，肌肉haem, haemat, hem, aem, sangul 血soma, corp 体，身体some, plast 体，颗粒hepa,hepat 肝heparin肝干素hepatopancreas 肝干胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma 肝癌ren, nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia 肾管nephron肾单位card, eord 心eardiotoxin心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogram 心电图concord 一致，和谐ophthalm, ocell, ocul 眼bronchi 鱼鳃filibranch 丝鳃lamellibrnch 瓣鳃sencondary branchium 次生鱼鳃brac, brachi 腕，手臂brachiolaria短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet 手镯dent, odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞plum 羽plumatus羽状的plumule 绒毛plumage （鸟的）羽毛foli, foil 叶follicle 滤泡foiling 叶形foliage 叶子foliose多叶的Haplodermatitis 单纯皮炎haplolichen单纯苔藓haploid单倍体Haplomycosis单抱子囊菌病pan agglutination 全凝集ultra micron 超微粒ultrasonic超声波的ultraviolet 紫外线ultrasound 超声Subabdominal 腹下的subarchinoid蛛网膜下腔的subaural耳下的subscapular肩胛下的subcapduloperiosteal关节囊骨膜下的subclavicular 胸骨下的substratum 下层hypoderm 皮下组织cranium 颅cranial bone 颅骨cranial cavity 颅腔hip髋coax bone / hip bone 髋骨hip girdle 髋带hip replacement 髋置换base pair盐基对base盐基hydrochloric acid 盐酸salts盐类tooth decay 龋齿dental caries 龋齿palatine bone 腭骨patella 髌骨pulp cavity 髓腔medulla 髓质medulla 髓质myelin髓磷脂cellulose纤维素fibrin纤维蛋白fibrinogen纤维蛋白原fibrous cartilage 纤维软骨农业land, soil 土壤arable land, tilled land 耕地dry soil 旱田fertile soil沃土，肥沃的土壤humus腐殖质irrigable land 水浇地lean soil, poor soil 贫瘠土壤wasteland, barren land 荒地grassland 草地meadow草甸prairie大草原pasture land 牧场fallow休闲地stubble, stubble field 亩茬地straw, hay 稿杆rural population 农村人口rural exodus农村迁徙land reform, agrarian reform 土地改革mechanization of farming 农业机械化mechanized farming 机械化耕作cattle farm 奶牛场ranch大农场，牧场hacienda 庄园holding 田产plot, parcel, lot 地块cooperative farm 合作农场collective farm 集体农场country, countryside 农村countryman 农民，农夫countrywoman 农民，农妇agronomist 农学家latifundium, large landed estate 大农场主farmer农户producer农业工人landowner地主，土地拥有者absentee landlord 外居地主smallholder, small farmer 小农rancher牧场主tenant farmer, leaseholder 土地租用人sharecropper 佃农ploughman 农夫，犁田者farm labourers农场工人，农业工人（美作: farm laborers）farm hand 农场短工cattle farmer牧场工人cowherd, cowboy 牛仔shepherd 牧人fruit grower 果农vinegrower葡萄栽植者vintager采葡萄者farming, husbandry 农业animal husbandry, animal breeding 畜牧业dairy farming乳品业，乳牛业horticulture 园艺market gardening商品蔬菜种植业fruit growing果树栽培vinegrowing, viticulture 葡萄栽培olive growing油橄榄栽培arboriculture 树艺silviculture 造林学agricultural products, farm products 农产品foodstuffs 食品dairy produce, dairy products 乳制品dairy industry乳品加工业crop year, farming year 农事年season季节agricultural, commodities market 农业市场livestock 牲畜alfalfa紫苜蓿apple苹果apricot 杏子aquiculture水产养殖asparagus 芦笋banana香蕉barley大麦bean 豆bee-keeping 养蜂beeswax 蜂蜡branch树枝breed繁殖，生育，饲养buffalo水牛，野牛cabbage 洋白菜calf小牛，仔camel骆驼carp鲤鱼carrot胡萝卜cassava 木薯castor-bean 蓖麻籽hay干草castor—O"蓖麻油hen母鸡cat fish 鲇鱼herbicide除草剂cattle牛（总称）hive蜂箱cauliflower 菜花honey蜂蜜chemical fertilizer 化学肥料honeycomb 蜂巢cherry樱桃horse 马chicken 小鸡incubate 孵化chlorophyll 叶绿素insect pest病虫，害虫cock公鸡insecticide 杀虫剂coconut 椰子irrigation 灌号既cocoon蚕茧lamb羔羊cod鳕鱼leaf树叶colony蜂群levee大堤，堤compost堆肥，混合肥料livestock (总称)牲畜corn玉米lobster 龙虾cotton棉花locust蝗虫COW母牛log圆木.cowboy牛仔lumbering 伐木crop农作物maize玉米cross—breeding 杂交mating交配dairy farm奶牛场milk牛奶desert沙漠mink水貂donkey 驴mule 骡duck鸭子mushroom 蘑菇egg鸡蛋mustard 芥末fertilizer 肥料nectar花蜜fiber纤维nitric acid 硝酸fig尢花果oat燕麦fish 鱼onion洋葱forest森林orange广柑，橙子fruit水果organic fertilizer 有机肥料game bird可猎取的鸟ox牛garlic大蒜parched field 焦干的土地gene—altered food(crop)转基因食物(作物) peach 桃gene—engineered food(crop)转基因食物(作peanut花生物）persimmon 柿了ginseng 人参pesticide杀虫剂GM(gene—modified) food(crop)转基因食pet供玩赏的动物，爱畜，宠物物（作物）photosynthesis 光合作用goat山羊pineapple 菠萝graft嫁接plum李子grain谷物pollen花粉grape葡萄potato 土豆poultry farming 养鸡场queen wasp 蜂王raise 饲养ram公羊ranch牧场rattan 藤reservoir 水库root树根royal jelly 王浆seed种子silage青贮饲料silk 丝silkworm 蚕soybean 大豆squash南瓜stem茎，树干straw稻草strawberry 草莓sugarcane 甘蔗tangerine红皮桔till耕作tillable可耕作的tillage 耕作tomato西红柿trawler拖网渔船turkey火鸡vegetable 蔬菜wasp黄蜂watermelon 西瓜weed杂草well 井wheat小麦石油化工oil field 油田wildcat盲目开掘的油井percussive drilling 冲击钻探rotary drilling 旋转钻探offshoredrilling 海底钻探well井，油井derrick 井架Christmas tree 采油树crown block 定滑轮travelling block 动滑轮drill pipe, drill stem 钻杆drill bit 钻头roller bit牙轮钻头diamond bit钻石钻头swivel泥浆喷嘴turntable, rotary table 轮盘pumping station 泵站sampling 取样sample样品，样本core sample 矿样storage tank 储油罐pipeline 油管pipe laying输油管线oil tanker 油轮tank car, tanker （铁路）罐车，槽车tank truck, tanker （汽车）运油罐车，油罐车refining 炼油refinery炼油厂cracking 裂化separation 分离fractionating tower 分馏塔fractional distillation 分馏distillation column 分裂蒸馏塔polymerizing, polymerization 聚合purification 净化hydrocarbon烃，碳氢化合物crude oil, crude 原油petrol 汽油（美作：gasoline）LPG, liquefied petroleum gas 液化石油气LNG, liquefied natural gas 液化天然气octane number 辛烷数，辛烷值vaseline 凡士林paraffin 石蜡kerosene, karaffin oil 煤油gas oil柴油lubricating oil 润滑油asphalt 沥青benzene 苯fuel燃料natural gas 天然气olefin烯烃high-grade petrol 高级汽油plastic 塑料机械assembly line 组装线layout布置图conveyer流水线物料板rivet table 拉钉机rivet gun 拉钉枪screw driver 起子electric screw driver 电动起子pneumatic screw driver 气动起子worktable工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧（螺丝）fixture夹具（治具）pallet栈板barcode 条码barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine 热熔机repair修理QC品管cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button电源按键reset button 重置键hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试voltage switch of SPS电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表work cell工作间trolley 台车carton纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车planning department 企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory 冲压厂painting factory 烤漆厂molding factory 成型厂common equipment 常用设备uncoiler and straightener 整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine 油压机lathe车床planer ^国口?刨床miller铳床grinder 磨床driller 铳床linear cutting 线切害U electrical sparkle 电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine 铆合机general manager 总经理be put in storage 入库pack packing 包装to apply oil 擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection 终检to connect material 接料to reverse material 翻料wet station 沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth 抹布to load material 上料to unload material 卸料to return material/stock to 退料scraped 'skr?pid 报废scrape ..v.舌ij 消U deficient purchase 来料不良manufacture procedure 制程deficient manufacturing procedure 制程不良oxidation ' ksi'dei?n 氧化scratch 刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down 抽芽不良defective to staking 铆合不良embedded lump 镶块feeding is not in place 送料不至“位stamping-missing 漏冲production capacity 生产力education and training 教育与训练proposal improvement 提案改善spareparts=buffer 备件forklift 叉车trailer=long vehicle 拖板车compound die 合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch 压板bolt螺栓automatic screwdriver 电动启子thickness gauge 厚薄规gauge（or力8）治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label 不良标签identifying sheet list 标示单screwdriver holder 起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack 油压板车forklift 叉车pallet栈板band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol 工业酒精alcohol container 沾湿台sweeper 扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner 吸尘器rag抹布garbage container 灰箕garbage can 垃圾箱garbage bag 垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line 流水线chain链条槽magnetizer 力口磁器lamp holder 灯架to mop the floor 拖地to clean the floor 扫地to clean a table 擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool 打包机packaging 打包missing part 漏件wrong part 错件excessive defects 过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard 不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger 尺寸偏大（小）cosmetic defect 外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head 螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread 滑手speckle 斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy 发霉rust生锈deformation 变形burr（金属）flash（塑件）毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap 间隙过大grease/oil stains 油污shrinking/shrinkage 缩水mixed color 杂色scratch 戈U伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part 事件不良fold of pakaging belt 打包带折皱painting make-up 补漆discoloration 羿色water spots 水渍polishing/surface processing 表面处理exposed metal/bare metal 金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位delivery deadline 交货期cost成本engineering 工程die repair 模修die worker 模工to start a press 开机classification 整理regulation 整顿cleanness 清扫qualified products, up-to-grade products 良品defective products, not up-to-grade products 不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack 滑料架defective product box 不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die 装模to take apart a die 拆模to repair a die 修模packing material 包材plastic basket 胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade 隔板carton box 纸箱to pull and stretch 拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines 压线to compress, compressing 压缩character die 字模to feed, feeding 送料transportation 运输。

科技英语构词法简介

1934个字母的“色氨酸合成酶A蛋白质”（一种含有267种氨基酸酶） 9
如 “烷烃” alkane
词尾变化:
“-ene”、“-yne”、“-ol”、“-al”、“-yl” “烯”、 “炔”、 “醇”、“醛”、
Pneumonia=与肺相关(拉丁语) 超=非常(拉丁语) 微观=极端小(Latin/Old英语) silico=硅土(拉丁语) 火山=火山(拉丁语) coni=与尘土(希腊语相关：konis，尘土) osis=疾病/情况(希腊语)
8
色氨酸合成酶A蛋白质
Methionylglutaminylarginyltyrosylglutamylserylleucylphenylalanylalanylglutaminylleucyllysylglutamylarginylly sylglutamylglycylalanylphenylalanylvalylprolyphenylalanYlvalythreonylleucylglycylaspartylprolylglycylisoleuc ylglutamylglutaminylsErylleucyllysylisoleucylaspartylthreonylleucylIsoleucylglutamylalanylglycylalanylasparthl alanylleucylglutamylleucylglycylisoleucylprolylphenylalanylseRylaspartylprolylleucylalanylaspartylglycylpRoly lthreOnylisoleucylglutaminylasPfraginylalanylthreonylleucylarfinylalanylphenylalanylalanylalanylglycylvalythre onylprolylalanylglutaminylcysteinylphenylalanylglutamylmethionylleucylalanylleuOylisoleucylarginylglutaminy llysyhistidylprolylthreonylisoleucylprolylisoleucylglycylleucylmethionyltyrosylalanylasparaginylleucylvalylphen ylalanylasparaginyllysyglycylisoleucylaspartylglutamylphenylalanylthrosylalanylglutaminylcysteinylglutamyllys ylvalylglycylvalylaspartylserylvalylleucylvalylalnylaspartylvalylprolylvalylglUtaminylglutamylserylalanylprolyl phenylalanylarginylglutaminylalanylalanylleucylarginylhistidylasparaginyvalylalanylprolylisoleucylprolylisoleuc ylphenylalanylisoleucylphenylalanylisoleucylcysteinylprolylprolylaspartylalanylaspartylaspartylaspartylleucylleu cylarginylglutaminylisoleucylalanylseryltyrosylglycylarginylglycyltyrosylthreonyltyrOsylleucylleucylserylarginy lalanylglycylvalylthreonylglycylalanylglutamYlasparainylarginylalanylalanylleucylprolylleucylasparaginylhistid ylleucylValylalanyllysylleucyllysylglutamyltyrosylasparaginylalanylalanylprolylprolylleucylglutaminylglgycylph enylalanylglycylisoleucylserylalanylprolylaspartylglutaminylvalyllysylalanylalanylisoleucylaspartylalanylglycyla lanylalanylglycylalanylisoleucylserylglycylserylalanylisoleucylvalyllysylisoIeucylisoleucylglutamylglutaminylHi stidylasparaginyliSoleucylglutamylprolylglutamyllysylmethionylleucylalanylalanylleucyllysylvalylphenylalanylc alylglutaminylprolylmethionlysylalanylalanylthreonylarginylserine

科技词汇的构成法与翻译法

给单词或词干加后缀：
fluidics fluidics sonication sonication 应用流体学（超）声波降解法（指声波降解法（
用超声波使细胞、病毒等降解的方法）用超声波使细胞、病毒等降解的方法） pediatrics pediatrics morphology morphology 形态学、形态论、词法、形态学、形态论、词法、词态学小儿科
fence [原意]栅栏原意] [ 转换含义 ] 雷达警戒网（军事科转换含义] 雷达警戒网（技）；电子篱笆（计算机）电子篱笆（计算机） beach [原意]海滩原意] [转换含义]搁浅（船舶专业）；转换含义]搁浅（船舶专业）海滩色（纺织专业）海滩色（纺织专业）

[原意]鹿原意] [转换含义]鹿棕（纺织专业）转换含义]鹿棕（纺织专业）
H-beam U-steel Cross bit Twist drill V-belt Y-curve
工字梁槽钢十字钻头麻花钻三角皮带叉形曲线
A-frame T-bend L-electron
A字形构架 T字形接头 L层电子
γ
-ray
γ 射线
d黄铜维生素B 维生素B BASIC语言 BASIC语言
2、科技词汇的翻译
直译的具体方法有：移植（transplant）直译的具体方法有：移植（transplant）、音译（ transliteration ）、象形译（ pictographic translation）等； translation）意译通常使用的具体方法有：推演（deduction）、引申（extension）和解释 deduction）引申（extension）（explanation）等。 explanation）

科技英语构词法

派生法
通过加前、后缀构成一个新词
前缀
烷烃 alkane
烷基 alkyl methyl ethyl
烯烃 alkene -ethene ethylene propene butene pentene hexene heptene octene nonene decene
醇 alcohol methanol ethanol propanol butanol pentanol hexanol heptanol octanol nonanol decanol
• • • • • • • • •
micro- 微 microballoon mono- 单 monofilament multi- 多 multi foam , multifunctionality nitro- 硝基 nitrobenzene , nitro cellulose non- 非 non-uniformity , non-linear over- 超、过 overcuring , overflow organo- 有机 organogel , organo siloxane -one 酮 acetone -oxide 氧化物 dioxide
decyl aldehyde, 癸 decanal
部分前后缀举例
ace- 乙酸的，乙酸（基） acetyl , acetate , 乙酸的，乙酸（ acetone active- 活性 active agent , active black add- 加 addition , additive ageing- 老化 ageing effect , ageing loss amino- 氨基 amino-acid , amino-aldehyde plastics after- 后 after- shrinkage anti- 防、抗 anti-fungus , antioxidant

科技英语词根词缀

45. stereo- 立体的
stereooptics 立体光学 stereophone 立体声耳机
46. sub- 子，亚
subloop 子回路 subsoil 亚土层
47. super- 超
superhighway 超级公路 superconductor 超导体
15. di- 双，偶，两
diode 二极管 dibit 两位
16. du- 二，双
duplicate 一式两份 duoplasmatron 双等离子体发射器
17. equi- 同等，均
equipartition 均分 equilibrium 均衡
51. tri-，ter- 三
tertiary 第三产业 triplicate 一式三份
52. ultra- 超，过
ultrasonic 超声波 ultrastructure 超微结构
二、后缀（suffixes）
1. -er（or）器，机
air-oil booster 气-液增压器 air compressor 空气压缩机
21. hemi- 半
hemisphere 半球 hemipyramid 半锥体
22. hepta- 七
heptagon 七角形 heptad 七价原子
23. hexa- 六
hexagon 六角形 hexaploid 六倍体
24. homo- 同，相似
5. -scope 仪，镜
spectroscope 光谱仪 telescope 望远镜
6. -graph 仪，机
spectrograph 摄谱仪 telegraphy 电报机
2. -ite 石，矿物

科技英语构词方法

➢数词+名词
e.g. five-year, first-rate
② 复合形容词
主要构成方式： ➢名词+形容词
e.g. world-wide, noteworthy
➢名词+现在分词
e.g. oil-bearing, labor-saving
➢名词+过去分词
e.g. man-made, brickbuilt
① 复合名词主要构成方式：
➢动词+名词
e.g. breakstone (碎石) , blowpipe (吹风管)
➢名词+动名词
e.g. sun-bathing
➢动词+副词
e.g. feedback, lockout (停工)
① 复合名词
主要构成方式： ➢副词+名词
e.g. downfall, by-product
di-, bi-, etc. --dicyclic 双环的 --bimetallic 双金属的
② The Use of Prefixes and Suffixes 科技英语中常见后缀举例：表示抽象概念： -ology(学), -th(度), -ize, -ity, -ce, -ness, etc.
“外”：
ex-, exo-, extra-, etc. --exterior 外部的 --exosphere 外大气层
内部的？ interior
--extraneous 局外的
② The Use of Prefixes and Suffixes
“初，原始”： proto-
--protozoic 原生动物的 --protocluster 原星团 --protovirus 原始病毒

4-科技英语词汇

托福 ppm：parts per million 百万分之一 m.p. : melting point 熔点 rpm（r／m）：revolution per minute 转／分钟 SOS：Save Our Souls国际通用呼救信号 P.T.O．：please turn over 请看背面 BTW : by the way 顺便
2015-7-3
16
词汇
如
abnormal 畸形，不正常的（ab+normal 正常的） absent 缺席的（ab+sent 出现→没有出现→缺席的） abduct 诱拐（ab+duct 引导→引走→诱拐） abstract 抽象的；心不在焉的（abs+tract 拉→被拉开→心不在焉） abuse 虐待，辱骂（ab+use 用→用坏→滥用）
合成名词
名词+名词：workshop（车间，工程）形容词+名词： blueprint（蓝图）动名词+名词： reading-room（阅览室）动词+名词： breakstone（碎石）名词+动名词： sun-bathing（日光浴）动词+副词： feed-back（反馈）副词+名词： downfall（垮台）现在分词+名词： glowing worm（萤火虫）名词+介词+名词： man-of-war（军舰）名词+连词字母+名词： draftsman（制图员）
合并：
conrod（=connecting rod）连杆 chloral（=chlorin alcohol）三氯乙醛
2015-7-3
6
词汇
缩略首字母：
CET（=College English Test）大学英语

科技英语构词法和单词

Launching site flying-suit navigating instrument
4.+n.+v.ing
paper-making ship-building Machine-shaping
5.
By-product + Make-up + Out-of-door ++ Pick-me-up ++
up back forward
Flow flow
egthe flow of electricity
Stand stand
2.3 Derivation
50 5030
( )"-ane"
"-ene""-yne""-ol""-al" "-yl""""""" """"
1.""
a dis im-
asexual atypical; asymmetry; asocial disproportion disorder discontinue immaterialimpurity
impossible ir- irregularirresistibleirresoluble un- unspecializedunsystematic
self-accusation
tele- television teleconference telecontrol
hydro- hydroaeroplane hydrocarbon;
photo- photoactivephotocatalysis photochemical

科技英语ppt课件

复杂性：复杂单句用得多，复合句用得多
口语化：口语用得多，随意灵活
书面化：长句用得多，书卷气浓
如何学科技英语？
词汇
• 专业词汇的特点 • 专业词汇的构词法 • 专业词汇的翻译
语法
专业词汇的特点
• 1）普通词汇专业化
• 2）专业术语词义单一性
• 3）较多使用前缀和后缀
• 4）大量使用复合词、派生词、转化词等
复
合
词
• 又称合成词，是由两个或两个以上的旧词合成副词+过去分词著名的 well-known 一个新词。
名词+名词 carbon steel rust-resistance 碳钢防锈
名词+过去分词
介词+名词动词+副词形容词+名词动词+代词+副词副词+介词+名词
computer-oriented
• 《Forrest Gump 》：
Life is like a box of chocolate, you never know what you’re gonna get.
Scientific English
• The suspension was in the form of a colloidal solution that remained in that state for 1 month without settling (Fig. 1).
by-product makeup check-up atomic weight periodic table pick-me-up out-of-door
研制计算机的
副产物化妆品检查原子量周期表兴奋剂户外

科技英语构词法 20131120

5) After the collapse of the Roman Empire, there was little progress in communications until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the invention of the engine which is powered by steam and the realization of the potentialities in the use of iron. steam engine
9) The shortages of the wood that is used as fuel cause local people to cut down the forests that stabilize mountain soils.
fuel wood shortages
• 10) This kind of plastic can be used to impregnate laminated paper sheets from which the surfaces resistant to heat and scratch are made. • heat- and scratch- resistant surfaces
4) It is estimated that one-third to one-half of the world’s current croplands are losing the soil which forms the top layer of ground faster than it is being replaced. topsoil

科技类英语词汇

advanced science 尖端科学scientific invention 科学发明exert a far—reaching impact on… 对…产生一种深远的影响double-edged sword 双刃剑earth—shaking changes 翻天覆地的改变pave the way for the future development 为未来的发展铺平道路lay a solid foundation for… 为…打下良好的基础energy crisis 能源危机depletion of resources 能源消耗milestone 里程碑sophisticated equipment 尖端设备technical innovation 科技创新over—commercialized 过渡商业化的a heated discussion 热烈的讨论exhaust gas 废气disastrous 灾难性的compared to/with… 与…相比speedy and comfortable 既快捷又舒适opposite forces 负面影响potential hazards 潜在危险pose a threat to… 对…有一种威胁promote relative industries 促进相关产业发展accelerate 加速…means of transportation 交通方式transportation tools 交通工具social status 社会地位environmentally—friendly resources 环保的能源make people's life easier 使人们生活更方便alternative fuel 可替代燃料sustainable development 可持续性发展scientific exploration 科学探索air travel 航空旅行ridiculous 可笑的absurd 荒唐的substitute 取代overcome difficulties 克服困难make progress 取得进步a sense of national pride 民族自豪感unprecedented 前所未有的soaring 不断上升的give a great push to the economic growth 极大地推动了经济发展see dramatic breakthroughs 取得突破性进展aggravate 使恶化cure—all solution 万能良药portable 便携的innovative 创新的cutting—edge 尖端的cost—effective 性价比高的augment/enhance/boost/ efficiency/productivity 提高生产效率be addicted to/be obsessed with 对···着迷/上瘾technological progress/advances 科技进步be accessible to 容易获得的例句:radio broadcasting is accessible to the audience with no charging fee with the advent of 随着···的到来例句：with the advent of advanced technology 随着高科技的到来pay a heavy price for sth. 为···付出惨痛的代价例句：Human being has paid a heavy price for the its curiosity.人类为了他的好奇心付出了惨痛的代价.。