最新翻译理论基础7-风格与翻译

Translation practice
1) I beg, sir, that you will offer him my sincerest apologies.
敬请向他转达在下最诚挚的歉意。 2) Please send my sincerest apologies to
him. 请向他转达我最诚挚的歉意。 3) Tell him I’m awfully sorry. 告诉他我很抱歉。
so as to perform their communication effectively. The language varieties are what people called
“style” (文体或语体).
Proper words in proper places make the true definition
What is style?
Considering different communicative environment, methods, objectives and purposes, communicators would opt different language
varieties (语言变体) that has different functions
兵车行 车辚辚，马萧萧， 行人弓箭各在腰。 耶娘妻子走相送， 尘埃不见咸阳桥。 牵衣顿足ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้拦道哭， 哭声直上干云霄。 道旁过者问行人， 行人但云点行频。
…
Different types of style: level of formality
Martin Joos (1962) in his ‘The Five Clocks’ suggests five degrees of formality: frozen, formal, consultative, casual and intimate.
of a style. （Jonathan Swift）
(适当的词用于适当的场合,就是风格的确切定义。)
The difference between the right word and the almostright word is as great as that between lighting and the lighting bug. (Mark Twain)
用词准确与用词几乎准确，这两者之间的差异就如 同闪电与萤火虫之间的差异。
1989年版《辞海》是这样定义风格的： 作家、艺术家在创作中所表现出来的艺 术特色和创作个性，具有主观和客观两 个方面。主观方面是作家的创作追求， 客观方面是时代，民族，阶级乃至文体 对创作的规定性。
在北京外国语大学执教40余年的英籍专家 David Crook曾经讲过这样一件事，中国学生 在课本里学了“Fancy meeting you here.”
（没想到在这儿碰到你。）之后就到处套用。 而且有一次，一个学生在厕所里见到他还这么 说，令他十分尴尬。
Style is the man. (Buffon) (文如其人)
e.g. Li Bai VS Du Fu
李白
夜宿山寺 危楼高百尺， 手可摘星辰。 不敢高声语， 恐惊天上人。
杜甫
ceremonies, in very formal occasion, in written legal documents or highly solemn speech
(2) the formal style (正式体): public address (3) the consultative style (商谈体、一般体): less
翻译理论基础7-风格与翻译
what is the difference ? 1) Now allow me to propose a toast to the
friendship between … 2) Here’s to the health of our friends! 3) Cheers! 4) Bottoms up!
Teaching Contents
1. What is style? 2. Style and Literature 3. Style and Literary Translation
According to David Crystal in Investigating English Style, there are four commonly occurring senses of the term STYLE:
formal gatherings, used in daily lives
The five clocks by Martin Joos
Frozen/Formal/Consultative/Casual/Intimate
Formal <-------------------------> Informal
The five clocks by Martin Joos
(1) the frozen style ( 庄 严 体 ): most used on
manners: ‘clear’ or ‘refined’ style. 4) evaluation and description of literature in literary
criticism or appreciation: ‘good’ ‘effective’ beautiful’ writing.
1)the language habits of one person: Shakespeare, James Joyce, Hemingway 2) the language habits shared by a group at one time: the Old English ‘heroic’ poetry. 3) say the right thing in the most effective way—good