词汇学 第三章

山西师范大学
现代文理学院英语1203班
授
课
教
案
课程名称：《现代英语词汇学概论》
授课教师：游海清张怡
刘敏张斌
构词法教案
课题： WORD-FORMATION(I)
授课教师：游海清
教材：现代英语词汇学概论
第 3 章第 1-4 节P 31 ～P 71
一、教学目标：
1、知识目标：a.了解构词法的一些基本知识和观点
b.明确合成法的定义
c.掌握合成法的分类
d.了解派生法及转化法的定义
e.熟练掌握派生法及转化法的分类
f.明确常见前后缀的词义
2、能力目标：a.提升学生记忆单词的能力
b.理解构成的新词的意义
c.扩大词汇量，提升阅读水平
二、教学重点：合成法派生法转化法
三、教学难点：转化法
四、教学方法：讲授法问答法 PPT演示练习法课堂讨论法
对比法
五、教具仪器：多媒体粉笔教案教材
六、授课提纲：
七、教学内容详析
第一节General remarks 第一步：
T:OK,class,let’s begin.
How many processes of word-formation do you know ?
Do you know differences between root,stem and base?
第二步：
A.percentage of new words
pounding or composition(about 27%)
B.Derivation or affixation(about 17.5%)
C.Conversion（about 10.5%）
A.initialisms and acronyms(about 9%)
B.Blending(about 6%)
C.Clipping(about 2%)
D.Words from proper names(about 2%)
E.Back formation(about 1%)
F.Reduplication(about 0.5%)
G.Neo-classical formations(about 4%)
H.Others (about 3%)
B.Some basic concepts of word-formation
1.The differences between “root”, “stem” and “base”?
Root/ 词根: is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology
Stem/ 词干: the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.
Base/ 词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
举例：
1）undesirables
= un + desire + able + s
Base:
desirable
→ desire (base)
undesirable
→ desirable (base)
undesirables
→ undesirable (base)
Base/词基: any form to which affixes of any kind can be added.
分析：
desirable: desire
(root or base, not stem)
undesirable: desirable
(base, not root, not stem)
undesirables: undesirable
(stem or base, not root)
desired: desire
(root, stem or base)
第三步：
1)denationalized
denationalized = de + nation + al + ize + d
Root:
nation
Stem:
denationalize
Base:
national
→ nation
nationalize
→ national
denationalize
→ nationalize
denationalized
→ denationalize
2)Uncomfortable=un +comfort+able
Root: comfort
Stem:uncomfortable
Base:comfortable
第二节：Compounding
第一步：板书下列单词
1.noun compounds
Headache heartbeat crybaby
Pickpocket birthcontrol housekeeping
2.adjective compounds
Thunder-struck weather-beaten suntanned
Fault-finding peaceloving record-breaking
3.verb compounds
House-keep ghost-write aircondition mass-produce
第二步：
A.Definition
Compounding / composition: a word-formation process consisting of joining two or more bases to form a new unit.
e.g.
flowerpot= flower + pot
machine-independent
= machine + independent
The relative criteria of a compound 1) Orthographic criterion:
Compounds are written in three ways, that is, solid,
hyphenated and open.
E.g. flowerpot
Solid: flowerpot
Hyphenated: flower-pot Open: flower pot
2) Phonological criterion:
C ompound accent: a main stress on the first element and
secondary stress on the second element.
Normal phrase accent: a secondary stress on the first
element and the main stress on the second element.
E.g.
black list
blackboard
blue bottle
3) Semantic criterion:
Semantically, compounds can be said to have a meaning which
may be related to but cannot always be inferred from the meaning
B.Classification
1)noun compounds
A.Subject and verb
B.verb and object
C.verb and adverbial
D.subject and object
E.restrictive relation
F.appositive relation
2)adjective compounds
A.subject and verb
B.verb and object
C.verb and adverbial
D.noun and adjective
E.coordinating relationship
3)verb compounds
A.back-formation
B.Conversion
第三步：
做P66-P67练习
第三节 Derivation
第一步：
T:OK,class,let’s begin.
Un-uncomfortable unimportant unclean unable unclear unknown Unlike uncertain
Im-impossible impatient impair impracticable impolite imbalance immoral impartial impassive imprison
Dis-dislike dismiss disclose disrupt disabuse disadvantage disable discharge display disagree
Er(or)-actor teacher doctor driver writer rider commander worker traveller collector farmer cooker baker stranger foreigner
Able-actionable companionable comfortable disable livable reliable accountable reasonable fashionable impressionable Ize-civilize symbolize realize naturalize socialize characterize revolutionize materialize
第二步：
A.definition:
Derivation / affixation: a process of forming new words by the addition of a word element, such as a prefix, suffix or combining form, to an already existing word.
e.g.
recover
= re + cover
worker
= work + er
B.classification
(一)Prefixation: adding a prefix or combining form to the base.do not generally alter the word-class of the base.
1)classification of prefixes
1. negative prefixes （反意前缀）: un-, non-, in-(im-, il-, ir-), dis-, a-
2. reversative / privative prefixes（相反动作前缀）: un-, de-, dis-,
3. pejorative prefixes （贬义前缀）: mis-, mal-, pseudo-
4. prefixes of degree or size（等级与大小前缀）: arch-, super-, out-, sub-, over-, under-, hyper-, altra-, mini-
5. prefixes of attitude（态度取向前缀）: co-, counter-, anti-, pro-
6. locative prefixes（方位前缀）: super-, sub-, inter-, trans-
7. prefixes of time and order（时间顺序前缀）: for-, pre-, post-, ex-, re-
8. number prefixes（常用数字前缀）: uni-/mono-, bi-/di-, tri, multi-/poly-
9. miscellaneous prefixes: auto-, neo-, pan-, proto-, semi-, vice- 1.
2)brief description of some productive prefixes in current English
1. ant- / anti-
Anti-Japanese War
抗日战争
ant- / anti-: unlike tradition
2.de-
A.to undo or reverse .
Eg: decentralize decolonize denationalize
B.to remove
Eg: defog debug delocalize denuclearize
3.mini-
A.very smll size,duration,or importance
Eg: minibus minibike minicab minipark
B.short
Eg: minidress miniskirt minicoat minisuit
4.un-
A.not,the opposite of
Eg: unkind unsee unbending
B.reverse the action
Eg: unpack untie
C.release from or to deprive of
Eg: unleash unhorse
（二）Suffixation: suffixation is the formation of a new word by adding a suffix or a combining form to the base, and usually changing the word-class of the base.
1)classification of suffixes
1.noun suffixes：
2.Verb suffixes:
3.Adjective suffixes:
4.Adverb suffixes:
2)brief description of some productive suffixes in current English.
1.-able
2.-er(or)
3.-in
4.-ish
5.-ize
6.-y
3)differentiating suffixes
Eg:-ic and -ical
第三步：引导学生口头总结
第四节conversion
第一步：绕口令
1.never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you
2.Can you can a can as a canner can can a can 你能像罐头工人那样把罐头装进罐头盒子里吗?
3.I wish to wish the wish you wish to wish,but if you wish the wish the witch wishes,i won’t Wish the wish you wish to wish 我愿许你所许,若你的愿望太过虚幻不切实际,我就不会许你所许（我就不会和你一起天真的去幻想了
第二步：
A.introductory remarks
1 )Conversion is a word-formation process whereby a word of
a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix.
functional shift:
concerned with usage only not with word-formation derivation by zero suffix:
long and cumbersome; clarify only something minor, not crucial
2）conversion as a result of the almost entire loss of inflection in modern English.
B.tapes of conversion
1.noun→verb conversion
(a) to put in/on N.
The workers canned apples.
put apples in cans
This room was floored with titles.
cage birds
The question certainly cornered me.
He pocketed his wallet.
(b) to give / provide N.
They sheltered the orphans.
give shelter to the orphans
pills coated with sugar
sugared pills
The bottle is labeled poison.
The child rose from the ground plastered over with yellow clay.
(c) to remove N.
Bill weeded the garden.
cut off weeds in the garden
core an apple
peel an orange
dust a cap
(d) to do sth. with N.
John braked the car.
stopped the car with a brake
screw the two pieces together
elbow one’s way through the crowd
(e) to act as N.
She mothered the orphan. (human n.)
looked after the orphan like a mother
Tom parroted what the boss had said. (animal n.)
repeat sth. like a parrot
The police shadowed the suspected spy. ( inanimate n.) follow the spy closely like a shadow
(f) to make / change sth. into N.
(g) to send sth. / go by N.
(h)to spend the period of time denoted by N.
2.verb→noun conversion
(a) He had a desire to be a scientist.
desired to be a…
state of mind / sensation
(b) His usual morning commute to work
an act of commuting event /activity
dynamic verbs
This kind of nouns usually occur following verbs like give, have, make, or take, and are preceded by the indefinite article.
(c) This little restaurant is quite a find.
sth. found, esp. sth. valuable or pleasing
object or result of v.
(d) He is a great bore.
He is a person who bores everyone.
agent of v.
(e) The cloth is a good cover for the table.
I covered the table with a cloth.
instrument of v.
3.adjective→verb conversion
(a) pale, slim, sour
to become the adj.
(b) free, warm, smooth
to cause sb. / sth. to become the adj.
4.adjective→noun conversion
(a) Partial conversion
the poor
the Scotch / the Japanese
the rough
the latest / his best
the accused
(b) Complete conversion
He is a natural for the job.
Tom is one of our regulars.
5.Other conversions
第三步：布置作业
八、预期效果
学生能熟练运用合成法、派生法、转化法以及掌握由三大构词法构成的新词的意义。

九、教学反思。