美国减少航班延误的有效途径及启示_刘光才

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The Effective Ways to Reduce Flight Delays in U.S.and Their Revelation to China

LIU Guang-cai 1,2,LIU Lei 1

(1.Economies and Management College of Civil Aviation University of China ,Tianjin 300300,China ;

2.School of Management in Tianjin University ,Tianjin 300712,China )

Abstract :Flight delay is a hard problem in the industry of civil aviation all over the world,and also one of the main aspects which are not satisfied with the service of airlines.Various measures have been taken by all states which have the problem of flight delay problem,the civil aviation sector in U.S.has taken capacity enhancement and demand management mainly to this aspect,and has a good effect in some areas.Demand management is especially effective,which is not only reduce average delay time but also reduce the rates to flight delay as fights caps.There are some measures to solve this problem in China,but have little effect.Firstly ,this paper has analyzed the status of flight delays,problems and measures has been taken in China,followed by the introduction of the U.S.flight delays treatment methods and measures,and finally some recommendations are given on fundamental solution to the problem of the high rate of our flight delay :firstly,we should strengthen infrastructure construction to increase the capacity to respond to the higher absolute amount of the rate to flight delays;secondly is market -based instruments,the implementation of demand management,from the relative volume of the optimal allocation of resources and thus reduce flight delays.Finally,we should improve the existing governance mechanisms of flight delays further.

Key words :Flight Delay ;Demand Management ;Increasing Capacity ;Governance Mechnism ;Congested Airport

摘要:航班延误是世界民航业的痼疾,也是各个国家旅客对航空公司服务不满意的主要方面之一。各国都采取了各种措施减少航班延误,美国民航管理部门采用的主要方法有容量提升和需求管理方法,在一些地区取得了良好效果,尤其是采取的需求管理方法如航班上限规则不仅减少了平均延误时间,而且还降低了航班延误率。我国在减少航班延误方面也采取了一些措施,但效果甚微。本文首先通过分析我国航班延误的现状、存在的问题及已经采取的一些治理方式,其次介绍了美国航班延误治理的方法和措施,最后提出我国要从根本上解决航班延误率偏高的问题的观点和建议:一方面应加强基础设施建设,加大容量提升力度,从绝对量上应对较高地航班延误率;另一方面采用市场化手段,实施需求管理,从相对量上优化资源配置进而有效减少航班延误。最后,进一步完善现有航班延误治理机制。

关键词:航班延误;需求管理;提升容量;治理机制;拥挤机场中图分类号:F560.6

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1004-292X (2010)04-0092-05

收稿日期:2010-03-08基金项目:国家软科学项目(2006GXQ3B202);司法部省部级课题(05SFB2033)。作者简介:刘光才(1966-),男,湖北随州人,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事管理科学与工程、航空运输经济、航空法研究;

刘雷(1985-),女,陕西咸阳人,硕士研究生,研究方向:民航企业运营管理,民航政策法规。

美国减少航班延误的有效途径及启示

刘光才1,2

,刘雷1

(1.中国民航大学经济与管理学院,天津300300; 2.天津大学管理学部,天津300712)

航班延误治理是维护旅客和航空运输企业利益的重要体现,也是提升航空运输企业竞争力、促进民航业与社会健康和谐发展的关键因素。它是一项系统工程也是一个难题。美国的机场虽然很多,但由于航线和航班的密度较大,航班延误的问

题一直以来也比较严重。为此,美国政府和运输部采取了一系列措施来治理航班延误。因此,本文就美国通过容量提升和需求管理等方法减少航班延误的经验进行分析研究,从而提出我国治理航班延误的措施和方法。

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