托福模拟考试题语法与改错题汇集(二)
托福考试语法易错题及错误统计精汇(最新版)
托福考试语法易错题及错误统计精汇（最新版）Grammar error prone questions and error statistics in TOEFL编订：JinTai College托福考试语法易错题及错误统计精汇（最新版）前言：本文档根据题材书写内容要求展开，具有实践指导意义，适用于组织或个人。
便于学习和使用，本文下载后内容可随意修改调整修改及打印。
我们在总结近五年亚洲与北美托福考试语法部分试题的基础上，为同学总结出错误率在60%以下的易错难题汇编，希望大家能汲取常见错误原因，从而有效地跳开托福考试中的出题陷阱.1.[Melting] glaciers may [account the] rise [in sea level] that [has taken place] honing this century.答对率：50%答案：b2.Anthropologist jane Goodall [has contributed] a [wealth information] concerning primate behavior [through] her [studies] of chimpanzees.答对率：46%答案：b3.The [discovery] of gold in 1848 [transformed] San Francisco suddenly from a [quiet] portsintosone of the world's richest and most famous [city].答对率：44%答案： d4.Allan Pinkerton,[founder] of [the famous] detective agency that bears [him] name,directed aCivil War espionage system [behind] Confederate lines.答对率：38%答案：c5.The city of Kalamazoo, Michigan,derives its name from a Native American word....."bubbling springs."A.meantB.meaningC.that is meantD.whose meaning答对率：46%答案：b6.Salt is manufactured in quantities that exceed those of most,.......,other commercial chemicals.A.of an notB.not if an areC.are not anD.if not an答对率：49%答案： d7.Contemporary film directors,some of [them]write the scripts for,act in,and [even] produce their own [motion] pictures, are [thereby assuming] ever more control of their art.答对率：43%答案：a8.Petroleum [it is] composed [of] acomplex[mixture]of hydrogen and [carbon].答对率：31%答案：a9.The air inside a house or office building often has higher concentrations of contaminants ....... heavily polluted outside air.A.than doesB.moreC.as some that areD.like of答对率：50%答案：aDickinson's garden was a place...... great inspiration for her poems.A.that she drewB.by drawing herC.from which she drewD.drawn from which答对率：50%答案：c11.In the United States [among] 60 percent [of the space] on the pages of newspapers [is reserved] for [advertising].答对率：47%答案：a12.Scientists believe that by [altering] the genetic composition of plants it is possible to develop specimens that are [resisting] to [disease] and have [increased] food value.答对率：50%答案：b13.The American anarchist Emma goldman infusedher spirited lectures,[publishes],and demonstration [with a] passionate [belief] in the freedom of [the] individual.答对率：36%答案：a14.[Being] the biggest expanse of brackish water [in the] world,the Baltic Sea [is of] special [interesting] to scientists.答对率：44%答案：d15.While studying the [chemistry] [of human body], Yalow won a Nobel Prize for the research she [conducted on] the [role of] hormones.答对率：37%答案：b16.The early railroads were........the existing arteries of transportation: roads,turnpikes,canals,and other waterways.A.those short lines connectedB.short lines that connectedC.connected by short linesD.short connecting lines答对率：50%答案：bthe flood of 1927,the Red Cross, of emergency headquarters in Mississippi,set up temporary shelters for the homeless.A.operatesB.is operatingC.has operatedD.operating答对率：44%答案：d18.Minoru Yamasaki is an American architect [which] works [departed from] the austerity [frequently] associated [with] architecture in the United States after the Second World War.答对率：37%答案：a19.Jane Addams.social worker,authoe,and [spokeswoman] for the peace and women's suffrage[movements],[she received] the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her [humanitarian] achievements.答对率：50%答案：c20.Bromyrite crystals [have] a diamond-likeluster and are usually [colorless],but they [dard] to brown when [exposed] to light.答对率：44%答案：c21.Ice is less [denser] [than] the liquid [from which] [it] is formed.答对率：50%答案：a22.James Baldwin's plays and short stories,[which are] to [some degree] autobiographical,established [them] as a [leading] figure in the United Statescivil rights movement.答对率：43%答案：c23.Thunder can be [listened] from a [maximum] distance of about ten miles [except] under [unusual]atmospheric conditions.答对率：35%答案：a24.The quantum theory states.....,such as light, is given off and absorbed in tiny definite units called quanta or photons.A.energy thatB.that it is energyC.it is energyD.that energy答对率：50%答案：dare round near rivers and lakes,swhereswater drains through the soil.........A.surface below the deepB.deep below the surfaceC.the deep below surfaceD.the deep surface below答对率：50%答案：b26.Although [he is] employed in the scientificand [technical] fields,the metric [system] is not generally [utilized] in the United States.答对率：46%答案：a27.[Beneath] the deep oceans that [cover] two-thirds of the Earth, intriguing [secret] of the planet are [concealed].答对率：43%答案：c28.The pioneer John Chapman [received] the nickname "johnny Appleseed" because he [planted] apple seedlings during [him travels] in [what] are now Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois.答对率：50%答案：cMarch 1,1867, the Union when President Andrew Johnson's veto was overridden.A.since the state of Nebraska had been admittedB.admitted that the state of MebraskaC.the admission of the state of NebraskaD.the state of Nebraska was admitted答对率：50%答案：d30.The best known of all the Arctic birds,........A.birdwatchers favor ptarmigansB.being ptarmigans' and birdwatchers' favoritesC.favored by both ptarmigans and birdwatchersD.ptarmigans are a favorite of birdwatchers答对率：47%答案：d通过对这30道错误率极高的toefl语法题分析可看出，名词词组与动名词、词的顺序、动词单复数---主谓一致、动词短语及用法、形容词修饰等知识点较多，容易忽视或混淆的地方。
托福句子改错（附答案）（写写帮整理）
托福句子改错（附答案）（写写帮整理）第一篇：托福句子改错(附答案)（写写帮整理）句子改错1.Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite they have knowledge of ill health effects.Many smokers are unwilling to cease smoking despite their knowledge of ill health effects.2.Overworking, coupled with poor diet, lead to physical degeneration.Overworking, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.3.There are many solutions to deal with the problem.There are many solutions to dealing with the problem.There are many solutions to the problem.4.Young drivers are more possibly to have accidents than old drivers.Young drivers are more likely to have accidents than old drivers.5.In contrast to people in developing countries, natural disasters are less challenging for people in developed countries.In contrast to people in developing countries, people in developed countries are less challenged by natural disasters. 第二篇：高中英语单句改错250题附答案高中英语单句改错250题附答案一、单句改错（仅有一处错误）preposition mistakes介词错误1.We often play football in Saturday afternoon.2.The doctor gave him some advice about his illness.3.You are wanted by the phone.4.He asked me where I’d like to go to.5.His uncle is a man of a lot of money.6.Fish can’t live with water.7.S he married to a man she didn’t love at all.8.I will call on your office tomorrow.9.He told me he didn’t agree with the plan.10.It seems that he has a chance to get on the top of the army.11.It’s kind for you to come to see us.12.The class is made up from 8 groups.13.He makes a living for teaching.14.We drove over theforest and got to the farm.15.When the teacher came in the classroom, we were laughing.16.Beijing is to the north of China.17.Taiwan is to the east of China.18.The letters PRC stand with the Pe ople’s Republic of China.19.He kept in touch to his old friends.20.Hangzhou is famous as its beautiful scenery.21.You will see the house in the right.22.They said they’d be in holiday in the countryside.23.For a result of the limited land, it can’t provide so much grain.24.In China the needle treatment dates in ancient times.25.The meeting was put off with a certain reason.26.He used to listen to the news by the radio.27.Why did you get up so early in this morning? 28.As he was sick, he asked about a leave of absence.29.Don’t you feel lonely living here all on yourself? 30.I was told that my mother had left Guangzhou to America.31.They brought out a pot full with coffee.32.The car is running in a speed of 80 K.P.H.33.Now we can read by the help of a dictionary.34.Sports and games are very useful to character-training.35.The hall and the kitchen are connected of a long passage.36.What do you want me live with without rice? 37.She asked with surprise if he’d really read all the books.38.I don’t know the answer of this question.39.The man had left at the time the police arrived.40.He said that the victory(胜利)should belong with us.41.She called on the workers to fight against their rights.42.She said her husband had given in smoking.43.He said he would join us on the discussion.44.He was born by a fault in his ears.45.She said she was caught by the heavy rain.46.Do you have any difficulty for understanding English? 47.Can you tell the difference among A, B, and C? 48.Instead the dictionary we wanted, he bought us the wrong one.49.Are you content to what he has done? 50.He reduced the passage by half the number of words.二、单句改错（多一词）（please drop unnecessary words）1.The ship changed its course because of there was a storm.2.I had opened the door before he had not time to knock.3.There are much many more people than I expected.4.This train is much faster than any other car.5.We wish to improve our work better.6.These made them become close friends.7.Many problems still remain unsolved.8.I had to return the book back to the library in time.9.I had not hardly left the house when it began to rain.10.He began to see things more clearly and more clearly.11.The more careful you are, the more fewer mistakes you will make.12.Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t under stand it.13.This coat doesn’t fit for him.14.Why not to go and ask for his advice? 15.The nice car was belonged to the young lady.16.They are like playing football very much.17.He is too young not to join the army.18.T oday was my first time visit to an American family.19.People in different parts of the world learn to understand one with another.20.He works much more harder than before.21.We practise singing for three times every week.22.He had known Joan for two years before he married with her.23.I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting.24.Though he is rich, but he works hard.25.I never buy anything unless it is not really needed.26.I asked her to tell me that how much it cost.27.I don’t smoke because my wife won’t let me to.28.If they will come, please let me know.29.You need not to go with me unless you are free now.30.They sat in the room with the curtains was drawn.31.The bird being caught yesterday is a robin.32.Whoever told you that he was lying.33.You’d better to hurry up if you wan t to get home before dark.134.There’s the man who he teaches me the guitar.35.I’ve lost the bananas that I bought them his morning.36.The book iswell worth reading it.37.Tell me the best way which to express my thanks.38.I hope that both you two could come and visit us some time soon.39.I don’t know when he will come back to home.40.He told me about where he had met my brother.41.Why are you at home in such a fine weather? 42.People thought of that he was dead.43.Because he was careless, so he failed.44.This book is cheap enough for him to buy it.45.He did nothing but to wait.46.When you enter into the room, you will find many paintings on the wall.47.His father would have him to go to sea.48.They found the letter hard to understand it.49.You will have to pay me for &10 a week for your meals.50.Would you please to open the window?三、英语短文改错系列单句“多一词”专练1.I come from Zhongshan, and so I am currently a student at DSYSMMS.2.My favorite pastime is by listening to music, especially classical music.3.I am majoring in主修educational psychology and to hope to be a teacher in the future.4.My hobbies are reading books and travelling, in which I find very interesting.5.Since that I am the only child in my family, I am quite independent独立性强的.6.I deeply believe in that I can succeed in the near future.7.Many interests as I have, English is what that I like most.8.I want to keep on with learning new things to increase my and.9.One hour in the morning is worth the two in the evening.10.The number of people who has watched the game was not more than a hundred.11.Susan doesn’t feel quite well, for which she is having an ache in her heart.12.How did you get on well with your study at school? 13.I used to get really sun burnt from playing outside all the day.14.It is not known for certain whether she is still living on.15.An important meeting was held, Mr Chen sat in the chair.16.It is eight or nine chances out often for that he will win.17.The shop has been changed hands.18.The driver was in the charge of the car.19.The merchant 商人 made money by his buying cheap and selling dear.20.Would you like to check it over the proofs of this book? 21.We have done that climb over three times since 1982.22.The teacher told us to collect all the wastepaper while lying about after the picnic.23.She could borrow my bike if she was asked.2 24.The old woman was so sad and so having a good cry.25.In the times of war everyone is in danger of losing his life.26.As soon as they reached the bank and they saw a girl struggling in the water.27.Some people are reading the books or watching television while others are having sports.28.Anyone who is against this opinion may speak it out.29.The house in which we saw at the foot of the hill was built a century ago.30.This is Mr.smith, who I think of has something interesting to tell us.31.As is known to all that, the compass was first made in China.32.I will never eat up my words——I will come at seven today.33.He was elected a monitor of our class.34.He has been ill ever since he returned back home.35.Mike entered his study and saw his father was reading the same book.36.He is no more fool.He can do the work well.37.I am afraid to make a speech in the front of my classmates.38.I usually look down upon that as my duty.39.He repaired well my bicycle for love several times.40.He has many books, but none of them is on English grammar books.41.It’s a good study habit for students to compare notes with.42.We needn’t to go now.43.The more he expects, and the less he gains.44.I could no more do that kind of a thing than you.45.John is as clever, if not cleverer than, as Bill.46.Hemingway is my most favorite novelist.47.He preferred staying at home to be going with us to HongKong.48.His whole school education was addedup to no more than one year.49.He was badly wounded and made his way on to the seashore.50.Was it Tom and Jane that who were going to take part in the match?四、行文、逻辑、惯用法错误(logical and idioms mistakes)1.Here is somebody whom you want see him.2.This is all what I want to tell you.3.Why should not let him go? 4.I am sure it will be dark before we don’t get there 5.I don’t know if they will come, but if they will come, please show them the way to my house.6.I asked him to tell me that how much he paid a year for his son’s education.7.Unless he works more harder, he will certainly fail.8.The reason why he was absent is because he was ill.9.He did nothing but to cry.10.This book is too hard for me to read it.11.I used to go to the cinema in once a week.12.He said last Monday that he met her the day before.13.Because he was careless, so he failed.14.I was too tired not to walk any farther.15.He need not to work so late.16.I really don’t know how to do.17.I have been waiting you for a long time.18.The ship hardly left the port when the storm came.19.I found strange that she had not come yet.20.As I had worked more than half hour, I was a little tired.21.My mother is less older than you think she is.22.He speaks English better than anyone in his class.23.I don’t agree to the people who say women should stay at home.24.This coat costed me twenty dollars.25.When the moon shines upon the river, the scene was beautiful.26.When winter comes, the leaves will fell.27.He hanged his coat over the window.28.He seems to be a bright student, isn’t he? 29.The teacher with many students have gone to the exhibition.30.My little brother is quite proud for his painting.31.——You have not yet finished your work, have you? ——Yes, I have not.32.This piece of fish smelled badly.33.The boy’s face is like his father.34.She didnothing but cried all days.35.I like English better than my brother likes.36.Each of us should do our duty.37.The mistakes made by the Chinese students of English are different from that made by the Japanese students.第三篇：句子改错句子改错：每小题有一个错误（多词、缺词或错词），多余的词用斜线（）划掉，在右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉；缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在右边横线上写出该加的词；在错的词下划一横线，在右边横线上写出改正后的词1.It took Jack two hours climb the mountain._______2.The tomatoes I picked are much more redder than yours.______3.They have never had the chance to be there ago.______4.Even he is old , my grandpa works on the farm.________5.You are terrible ill.You’d better stay in bed.________6.The nearest village is about one hundred miles far away._________7.I don’t like going out lonely after dark._________8.I’m fed up waiting for her letter.________9.Birds flew back because the fine environment._________10.The students entered into the classroom one by one.________ 1.His story is more interesting as my sister’s.________ 2.Please return my dictionary back soon._______ 3.When he heard the news , he got angrily._______ 4.They have some problems get there._______5.Tom was just falling asleep then the telephone rang.________6.Sometimes we take walk by the river._______7.Mr More took well care of his car._______8.We are going to Hainan the next holiday.______9.I don’t agree to you , twins._______10.Though children are young , they should be listened carefully._____1.The monkeys climbed the trees quick.________ 3.Everyone in our class like take-away food._________ 4.The twins didn’t feel well , but th ey didn’t come.________ 5.Jack’s uncle joined in the army three years ago.________ 6.Could you give me anything to eat ? __________7.It was too hot last night that I couldn’t sleep well._______8.To have a twin brother is little strange.________9.There is going to have a dolphin show in the zoo.________10.Could you repeat it again , please ?__________ 1.Can you guess how many years I have been to this city ? _______ 2.Surfing looks so excited that I want to have a try.___________ 3.To make a lot noise at night is not polite._________4.There will have a strong wind to the north of Huai River.________5.The number of the students in our school are more than 2,000.______6.The poor man needs a house to live.______7.His clothes have washed by his mother.________8.He said that he had been in Beijing many years._______9.Hunan is by the south of Hubei._______10.There was fire in the supermarket near our school last night.___________1.Though he is a five-year-old boy , but he can play computer very well.______2.My brother will phone me as soon as he get there.__________3.English is most widely spoken language all over the world.__________4.It’s very kind for you to help carry the bag.__________5.Twenty miles are quite a long way to go._________6.The Class 2 students are planting trees on both side of the street._________7.There is going to have a sports meeting before National Day._________8.A horse isn’t as bigger as an elephant._________9.It’s hard for him to do so many homework in oneday.__________ 10.Edison thought for a while and came up with a idea.1.Three fifths of the books here is mine.________ 2.Your clothes should always be kept cleanly and tidy.________ 3.Tom said he was feeling even worst.________ 4.Father told me that light travelled faster than sound.________ 5.In our everyday life we see much moving things.________ 6.Which floor does your mother live ? ________7.The heavy snow made him to feel worried about his sheep.______ 8.The boys are often told not play football in the street.________ 9.Remember to go to the post office and send this letters._______ 10.There is going to have a concert tomorrow.______1.Ann didn't know how work out the problem in class.___________2.Why not ask for help when you were with trouble? ___________3.Look!What happy the children are in the garden!___________4.We have learned English since two years and a half._________5.I'll go back home as soon as school will be over.___________6.You'd better speak as more English as you can.___________7.With my help, he finished made the kite at last.___________8.Father tells his son how far is it from the earth to the moon.________9.Neither you nor I were sending e-mails then ________ 10.A friend of him went to Japan last Sunday ___________1.No one of us has been to Bondi Beach._________________2.Everyone should make a contribution(捐赠)to protect the environment.______3.I couldn’t fall sleep last night.__________4.The number of students in our school is more than two thousands._____________5.Mary or her brother are going to visit the Great Wall soon.__________6.What do you mean at “relative”?_____________7.He was made telleverything.____________ 8.This pair of glasses are a little expensive.___________ 9.How long do you go to see your grandfather ? Once a week._____________ 10.Look at these Germen.How happy they are!______________ 1.Dick is afraid of meet the boss.________ 2.Jim says that he has come in China for over three years._____________ 3.Man ,like animals and plants, also need sunlight.________ 4..Mum of ten tells me don’t stay up too late._________ 5.Girls had better not to walk alone at night._________ 6.She is enough old to go to school.__________ 7.You must finish to do your homework during your holiday.__________ 8.It took me about half an hour doing my homework yesterday.___________ 9.She says she would go to the cinema with her parents that evening.__________ 10.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I will finish reading it.____ 1.Dick is afraid of meet the boss________ 2..Neither of them are a farmer.3.Man ,like animals and plants, also need sunlight._______ 4..Mum often tells me don’t stay up too late.________ 5.Girls had better not to walk alone at night._______ 6.She is enough old to go to school._______ 7.You must finish to do your homework during your holiday.______ 8.It took me about half an hour doing my homework yesterday.__________ 9.She says she would go to the cinema with her parents that evening.________ 10.I’ll return the book to the library as soon as I will finish reading it.______第四篇：成语改错200题的答案(附题目)范文成语改错200题的答案（附题目）关怀备至记忆犹新并行不悖无耻谰言汗流浃背倍受青睐墨守成规侯门似海积毁销骨好高骛远蛊惑人心陈词滥调震撼人心要言不烦既往不咎弥天大罪饱经沧桑真知灼见甘拜下风计日程功大学肄业好景不长沸反盈天提心吊胆冒然行事玷污名誉山清水秀旁征博引应接不暇共商国是断烂朝报答案：随声附和乔装打扮铤而走险融会贯通略见一斑宽宏大量世外桃源伶牙俐齿哄堂大笑名列前茅挑拨是非歪风邪气待价而沽走投无路首屈一指众口铄金行踪诡秘出奇制胜杯盘狼藉精兵简政眼花缭乱披星戴月销声匿迹不省人事插科打诨决然不同层峦叠嶂仗义执言委曲求全明火执仗张皇失措火势蔓延无精打采噤若寒蝉喋喋不休虚无缥缈出类拔萃蓬荜生辉牟取暴利浏览一遍罄竹难书相辅相成谈笑风生请与接洽到处传颂政权颠覆无理谩骂言谈诙谐很有裨益按价赔偿图书装帧大声疾呼战胜朝廷名声凋敝水乳交融事必躬亲违法肇事冒天下之大不韪飞扬跋扈分道扬镳厝火积薪殚精竭虑嬉笑怒骂各行其是誊写复印心头烦躁万里平畴群英荟萃徇私舞弊欢欣鼓舞引咎辞职举止安详束之高阁果断抉择赋予使命针砭时弊金榜题名锦里藏针不徇私情匪夷所思渔翁得利编篡字典毕竟不同天翻地覆置若罔闻咸口不言繁文缛节风声鹤唳勘误校正工程竣工巧夺天工风靡一时标新立异入不敷出销赃灭迹含辛茹苦粗制滥造同仇敌忾嬉皮笑脸佩戴首饰璀璨夺目皮肤皲裂高潮迭起胸无城府呕心沥血声名鹊起不容置疑味同爵蜡摩肩接踵茅屋修茸偷盗销赃濒临破产若即若离骁勇无敌剑拔弩张惨无人道呱呱坠地尚待商榷勤能补拙鼎力相助面面相觑贻笑大方不胫而走流言蜚语圆舞曲卑躬屈膝壁立千仞成绩斐然工程剪彩张皇失措一语破的买椟还珠心心相印最后通牒远大抱负私下磋商德艺双馨厉兵秣马惹是生非默默无闻千锤百炼常备不懈百战不殆一张一弛功亏一篑良城美景材料翔实触目惊心与日俱增额手称庆鳞次栉比为虎作伥一杯黄土初发难数扑朔迷离笑容可掬不计其数浑浑噩噩矫揉造作人情世故九霄云外振聋发聩涣然冰释名门望族火中取栗蜂拥而来严惩不贷相反相成一筹莫展附题目001、关怀倍至（）002、随声附和（）003、巧妆打扮（）004、记忆尤新（）005、挺而走险（）006、融汇贯通（）007、并行不背（）008、略见一般（）009、宽洪大量（）010、无耻滥言（013、汗流夹背（016、备受青睐（019、默守成规（022、侯门似海（025、积毁消骨（028、好高鹜远（031、鼓惑人心（034、陈词烂调（037、振撼人心（040、要言不繁（043、既往不究（046、迷天大罪（049、饱经苍桑（052、真知卓见（055、甘败下风（058、计日成功（061、大学肆业（064、好景不常（067、沸反盈天（070、提心掉胆（073、冒然行事（076、沾污名誉（079、山青水秀（082、旁证博引（085、应接不遐（088、共商国是（091、断烂朝报（094、嘻笑怒骂（097、各行其是（100、誊写复印（103、心头烦燥（106、万里平筹（109、群英汇萃（112、徇私舞敝（）011、世外桃园（）014、轰堂大笑（）017、挑拔事非（）020、待价而估（）023、手屈一指（）026、行踪鬼密（）029、杯盘狼藉（）032、眼花瞭乱（）035、消声匿迹（）038、插科打浑（）041、层峦迭嶂（）044、委屈求全（）047、张慌失措（）050、无精打彩（053、谍谍不休（）056、出类拔萃（）059、谋取暴利（）062、磬竹难书（）065、谈笑风声（）068、到处传颂（）071、无礼漫骂（）074、很有俾益（）077、图书装祯（）080、战胜朝庭（）083、水乳交溶（）086、违法造事（）089、飞扬拔扈（）092、厝火积薪（）095、喜皮笑脸（）098、佩戴手饰（）101、璀灿夺目（）104、皮肤皲裂（）107、高潮叠起（）110、胸无城府（）113、沤心沥血（）012、伶牙利齿（））015、名列前矛（））018、歪风斜气（））021、走头无路（））024、众口烁金（））027、出奇致胜（））030、精兵减政（））033、披星带月（））036、不省人事（））039、绝然不同（））042、仗义直言（））045、明火执杖（））048、火势漫延（））051、禁若寒蝉（））054、虚无飘渺（））057、蓬筚生辉（））060、流览一遍（））063、相辅相成（））066、请予接恰（））069、政权颠复（））072、言谈恢谐（））075、按价赔尝（））078、大声急呼（））081、民生凋蔽（））084、事必躬亲（））087、冒天下之大不违（）090、分道扬镖（））093、单精竭虑（））096、远大报负（））099、私下蹉商（））102、德艺双磬（））105、厉兵秣马（））108、惹事生非（））111、淹没无闻（））114、千锤百练（））115、欢心鼓舞（）16、声名雀起（）117、长备不懈（）118、引疚辞职（121、举止安祥（124、束之高搁（127、果断决择（）119、不容质疑（）120、百战不怠（））122、味同嚼腊（）123、一张一驰（））125、磨肩接踵（）126、功亏一溃（））128、茅屋修茸（）129、良晨美景（）130、赋与使命（）131、偷盗消脏（）132、材料翔实（）133、针贬时敝（）134、频临破产（）135、怵目惊心（）136、金榜提名（）137、若既若离（）138、与日具增（）139、棉里藏针（）140、晓勇无敌（）141、额首称庆（）142、不循私情（145、匪贻所思（148、鱼翁得利（151、编篡字典（154、毕竟不同（157、天翻地复（160、置若往闻（163、咸口不言（166、烦文褥节（169、风声鹤泪（172、堪误校正（175、工程峻工（178、巧夺天功（181、风糜一时（184、标新立意（187、入不付出（190、销脏灭迹（193、含辛如苦（196、粗制烂造（199、同仇敌慨（）143、剑拔驽张（）146、残无人道（）149、呱呱堕地（）152、尚待商确（）155、勤能补绌（）158、顶力相助（）161、面面相去（）164、遗笑大方（）167、不径而走（）170、流言飞语（）173、园舞曲（）176、卑恭屈膝（）179、壁立千刃（）182、成绩蜚然（）185、工程剪彩（）188、张慌失措（）191、一语破敌（）194、买犊还珠（）197、心心相映（）200、最后通谍（）144、粼次栉比（）147、为虎作昌（）150、一杯黄土（）153、捉发难数（）156、朴朔迷离（）159、笑容可鞠（162、不记其数（）165、浑浑恶恶（）168、矫柔造作（）171、人情事故（）174、九宵云外（）177、震聋发聩（）180、焕然冰释（）183、名门旺族（）186、火中取粟（）189、蜂涌而来（）192、严惩不怠（）195、相反相承（）198、一愁莫展（）））））））））））））））））））第五篇：句子改错例句Types of Sentence errors：1.Sentence fragmentsA grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject.Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone.The sentence fragment means simply that dependent units such as phrases, clauses, appositives and other such groups of words are mistaken as sentences.（片段句）2.Run-on sentence, esp.a comma spliceA run-on sentence puts together two or more sentences with no mark of punctuation between them.When two complete sentences run together with only a comma between them, it is called a run-on sentence.（误用逗号连接句）3.Misplaced or dangling modifierA careless use of verb phrases like participle, gerund, infinitive, etc.results in a construction usually known as the dangling modifier.A phrase is said to be dangling if it is not tied to something it modifies.（垂悬句）4.The illogical or faulty parallelismThe false parallels, that is, using parallel structure for ideas that are not parallel, should be avoided.A subordinate which or who clause should not be carelessly joined to a main clause by “and”.Correlatives such as both---and, either---or, etc.should be used only before sentence elements that are parallel in form.（误用平行句法）5.The shift in point of viewAny unnecessary and illogical shift in point of view should be avoided.Unnecessary shift from active to passive voice are undesirable.A needless shift in number and persons should be avoided.Shifts in subject, perspectives, or tense should be avoided.（角度随意转换）Identify the errors in the following sentences and correct them:1.The basketball game was cancelled.Because half of the players were in bed with the flu.2.These snakes are dangerous，however, most snakes are quite harmless.3.Looking out toward the horizon, she saw only the old cabin in which Mary had been born.A single cottonwood that had escaped the drought.The apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie.4.With the knowledge that, although the documents have been stolen, they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent.st year, after graduating from high school, my father put me to work in his office.6.T o appreciate the poem, it must be read aloud.7.I helped my mother wash clothes last Sunday, thus causing me to miss that film.8.Driving across the state, many beautiful lakes were seen.9.Unselfish people not only are happier but they are more successful.10.I finally realized that my daydreaming was not making me beautiful, slender, or friends.11.He is a man of wide experience and who is also very popular with the farmers.12.I am interested in electronics, because it is a new field and which offers interesting opportunities to one who knows science.13.We swept the room carefully, and the furniture and shelves were dusted.14.If one’s mouth is dry, eat a lump of sugar or chew gum.15.You must make yourself interesting to the group that listens to you and are constantly trying to detect your mistakes.16.No one swam in the lake that summer，a little boy had dropped his pet into the water.17.Our new car not only is more economical but also it is more comfortable than that old one.18.Tim and Rita decided to send their daughter to college on the day she was born.19.He believed neither in himself nor did he believe in others.20.The father ordered a meal for his familyranging from fried shrimp to chopped beef.21.Although tired and hungry, the drill sergeant would not let us rest.22.Bloomsbury is more than just the home of great artists, it is also the home of great art.。
资料NO.2 托福写作常见语法及高分句型 改错练习
资料NO.2 托福写作常见语法点讲义一、从句英文的句子分为三种基本类型：简单句、并列句、复合句逗号不可以连接两个句子My name is sherry, i graduated from ZJ university（*）Some prefer to leave their phones at home, they don’t want to be bothered when they are enjoying rest time. (*)并列句是几个简单句用连词连接而成常见连词：and, but, or, nor, so, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, notwithstanding, whereas...1、简单句的五种基本类型英语句子有长有短，结构有简有繁。
从表面上看虽然千变万化，但从本质上说却有其内在的结构规律——简单句的五种基本句型。
主语+系动词+表语主语+谓语主语+谓语+宾语主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语2、所有的长难句都是由这五种基本句型转化而来一般来讲，一个句子除了有主语和谓语之外，其他可能包含的成分还有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语和同位语。
其中，谓语比较特殊，只能由动词来充当。
而其他成分则可以由词、短语、句子来充当。
当用一个完整的句子来充当另一个句子的某个成分时，即构成相应的从句。
●主语从句What i am reading is interesting. 完整的句子what i am reading 做主语●宾语从句No one knows exactly whether there is life on other planets. 完整的句子whether there is life on other planets做宾语●表语从句English is what i like most among all subjects. 完整的句子what i like most among all subjects.●同位语从句I love the saying that love, not time heals all wounds. 完整的句子love, not time heals all wounds做saying 的同位语*idea，fact, belief等名词后常常带同位语从句一个世纪以前，弗洛伊德阐述了他具有革命性的理论，即梦是一种对我们潜意识里的欲望和恐惧所产生的内心深处的反映。
托福(综合)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
托福（综合）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Structure & Written Expression 3. Reading Comprehension 4. SPEAKINGSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Questions 1 through 3. Listen to a conversation between a student and a professor.W: Professor Wilson, can I ask you something?M: Sure.W: What I’d like to do for my survey project is interview three people. Would that be OK? Because in class you said a survey is usually done with a large number of people.M: That’s right, it is. But tell me about your idea.W: My idea is to interview three people in my host family. There’s a grandmother who has a lot of opinions—oh, about everything. I want to compare what she says with what the mother says, and also the fourteen-year-old daughter. Would that be all right? M: It’s a start, but what would your focus be? You said the grandmother has opinions about everything—opinions about what?W: It’s a philosophy of life, I guess.M: Here’s my suggestion. Why don’t you prepare a list of questions—maybe five, six—no more than ten possible ideas for your interviews. When you’ve done that, show me the list, and we’ll go from there.W: All right. I’ll work on it tonight. Thanks for the advice.M: You’re welcome.1. Why does the student speak to her professor?2. What is the student’s idea for her project?3. What does the professor suggest the student do?1．Why does the student speak to her professor?A．She wants to know his philosophy of life.B．She needs advice about an assignment.C．She has a problem with her grandmother.D．She needs more time to finish her project.正确答案：B解析：The student needs advice about an assignment. She says What I’d like to do for my survey project is interview three people. Would that be OK? 知识模块：听力2．What is the student’s idea for her project?A．A survey of grandmothersB．A handbook for host familiesC．A story about a fourteen-year-old girlD．A comparison of opinions正确答案：D解析：The student would like to do a comparison of opinions. She says My idea is to interview three people...; ...a grandmother who has a lot of opinions...; I want tocompare what she says with what the mother says, and also the fourteen-year-old daughter. 知识模块：听力3．What does the professor suggest the student do?A．Prepare a list of possible questionsB．Choose a more interesting topicC．Express her opinion more clearlyD．Interview at least ten people正确答案：A解析：The student should prepare a list of possible questions. The professor says Here’s my suggestion. Why don’t you prepare a list of questions—maybe five, six—no more than ten possible ideas for your interviews. 知识模块：听力听力原文：Questions 4 through 8. Listen to part of a lecture in an anthropology class.Research on the play of young children has revealed that children have a culture of their own. Where do we find this culture? We find it in the sandbox and at the daycare center. We find it in the schoolyard. We find it wherever two or more children are together and reveal their private code of rules in their play.Games and play are the realities of child culture. At the age of three, children are initiated into the secrets of child culture. Younger children eagerly pick up the rules of play from older children. Older children are the leaders of play activities because, of course, older children are experienced players. At age three, the ability to learn is enormous. There are so many skills to be mastered, including body language, spoken language, humor, songs, and so on. All of these are like keys that open the door to the fellowship of child culture. It’s a culture preserved in an oral tradition of songs and rhymes.In preschool, children are extremely active. They have good control of their bodies, and they enjoy activity for its own sake. They love opportunities to run, climb, and jump. The play of preschool children has a broad range. Traditional games like hopscotch and ring around the rosy are an important part of their play. Just as important, however, are the open games, which are mostly created by the children themselves. These open games can be changed at will—kind of like improvisation on a theme.In primary school, children are extreme in their physical activities and tend to express their emotions freely. Around the age of five, children start caring about the rules, and the games of five-year-olds tend to be more structured than the games of preschool children. Games are spontaneous and creative, but they also contain the rules, norms, and values of the group. At age six or seven, children like organized games in small groups, but they can be overly concerned with rules, or get carried away by team spirit. There are frequent quarrels, and many children indulge in punching, shoving, and wrestling.4. What is the main idea of the lecture?5. Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. “At the age of three, children are initiated into the secrets of child culture. Younger children eagerly pick up the rules of play from older children. Older children are the leaders of play activities because, of course, older children are experienced players.”What does the professor imply about child culture?6. Why doesthe professor say this:”There are so many skills to be mastered, including body language, spoken language, humor, songs, and so on. All of these are like keys that open the door to the fellowship of child culture.”7. What characterizes the play of preschool children?8. How are the games of older children different from those of younger children?4．What is the main idea of the lecture?A．Young children have the ability to learn quickly.B．It is important for children to play every day.C．Children have a culture in which play is central.D．The best games for children have clear rules.正确答案：C解析：The main idea of the lecture is that children have a culture in which play is central. The professor says Research on the play of young children has revealed that children have a culture of their own; We find it wherever two or more children are together and reveal their private code of rules in their play. Most of the lecture discusses the role of play in child culture. 知识模块：听力5．Listen again to part of the lecture. Then answer the question. What does the professor imply about child culture?A．Parents should tell children that child culture has rules.B．Child culture involves the ability to keep a secret.C．Children learn child culture from other children.D．Older children often treat younger children unfairly.正确答案：C解析：The professor implies that children learn child culture from other children. The professor says Younger children eagerly pick up the rules of play from older children. 知识模块：听力6．Why does the professor say this:A．To list important elements of child cultureB．To compare various types of communicationC．To explain why children need good teachersD．To describe a typical preschool curriculum正确答案：A解析：The professor’s purpose is to list important elements of child culture: body language, spoken language, humor, songs.... 知识模块：听力7．What characterizes the play of preschool children? Choose two answersA．Physical activityB．Team sportsC．Strict rulesD．Open games正确答案：A, D解析：Physical activity characterizes the play of preschool children: In preschool, children are extremely active. They have good control of their bodies, and they enjoy activity for its own sake. Also, open games characterize their play: Just as important, however, are the open games, which are mostly created by the children themselves. These open games can be changed at will—kind of like improvisation on a theme. 知识模块：听力8．How are the games of older children different from those of younger children?A．They are more difficult to play.B．They are the creation of teachers.C．They are played on the computer.D．They are more structured by rules.正确答案：D解析：The games are more structured by rules. The professor says Around the age of five, children start caring about the rides, and the games of five-year-olds tend to be more structured than the games of preschool children; At age six or seven, children like organized games in small groups, but they can be overly concerned with rules.... 知识模块：听力Sections Two：Structure & Written Expression9．Rosa Bonheur Ashe lived in Paris and was Bone of the most popular Cartists of her Dday.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit she, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject is Rosa Bonheur. 知识模块：语法10．AHow the diesel Bengine is similar to the gasoline engine, but Cit runs on a heavier grade of Dfuel.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit how, a subordinator, which is incorrect at the beginning of an independent clause. 知识模块：语法11．Bayberries, small Atrees or shrubs with leathery leaves, Bthey have berries that produce a Cwax used in making Dcandles.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Omit they, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject is bayberries. 知识模块：语法12．ABecause an elementary school girl who is proud of her athletic Bability may face an Cadjustment by the time Dshe enters high school.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit because, a subordinator, which is incorrect at the beginning of an independent clause. 知识模块：语法13．The digital Acamera, which has computer abilities, Bit does not need Cfilm but records onto computer Dmemory.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Omit it, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject is the digital camera. 知识模块：语法14．In addition to Apain on swallowing, Bwith a sore throat may be associated with Cfever, headache, and a stuffy Dnose.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Omit with, a preposition, which is incorrect before the subject, a sore throat. 知识模块：语法15．The Puerto Rican Acommunity in the United States is a young and growing Bpopulation, and Puerto Ricans Cthey are becoming more politically Dactive.A．B．C．D．正确答案：C解析：Omit they, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject of the second clause is Puerto Ricans. 知识模块：语法16．Ichthyology, Ais a branch of zoology dealing with fish, has made important Bdiscoveries about the Ceffects of pollution on the world’s fish Dresources.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit is, a verb, which is incorrect before a noun structure that is an appositive. 知识模块：语法17．It was Aby the failure of the stock Bmarket in COctober 1929 that led to the Great Depression of the D1930s.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit by, a preposition, which is incorrect before the true subject, the failure. 知识模块：语法18．Although heat, water, or pressure Athey can affect the Bformation of a crystal, its Cstructure will fall into Done of seven groups.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Omit they, an incorrect duplicate subject. The subject of the first clause is heat, water, or pressure. 知识模块：语法19．Ocean currents are responsible for______around the planet Earth.A．to move the waterB．the movement of waterC．the water is movingD．have moved water正确答案：B解析：The noun phrase the movement of water is the object of the preposition for. 知识模块：语法20．Because it decomposes violently when disturbed, ______must be handled cautiously.A．nitroglycerinB．it’s nitroglycerinC．for nitroglycerinD．nitroglycerin, it正确答案：A解析：The noun nitroglycerin is the subject of the main clause. 知识模块：语法21．Harvard,______in North America, was founded in 1636.A．was the first collegeB．it was the first collegeC．the first college wasD．the first college正确答案：D解析：The appositive the first college identifies Harvard. 知识模块：语法22．Water plants provide food for many animals, and______also supply oxygen to the water.A．what theyB．do theyC．theyD．they are正确答案：C解析：The pronoun they is the subject of the second clause. 知识模块：语法23．Of all the senses, it is______that triggers the strongest memories and emotions.A．the sense is to smellB．by the sense of smellC．the sense of smellD．how the sense of smell正确答案：C解析：The noun phrase the sense of smell is the true subject of the sentence; it is the false subject. 知识模块：语法24．Allergic reaction to bee venom can be life threatening, so there are______for avoiding bee stings.A．precautions that severalB．several precautions areC．for several precautionsD．several precautions正确答案：D解析：The noun phrase several precautions is the true subject of the second clause; there is the false subject. 知识模块：语法25．Coal is classified as a fossil fuel because______ is made from compressed plant fossils.A．itB．of itsC．is coalD．coal it正确答案：A解析：The pronoun it is the subject of the second clause. 知识模块：语法26．In order to sustain a snowfall, there must be ______to feed the growing ice crystals.A．a constant inflow of moisture isB．of a constant inflow of moistureC．a constant inflow of moistureD．moisture constantly flows in正确答案：C解析：The noun phrase a constant inflow of moisture is the true subject of the second clause; there is the false subject. 知识模块：语法27．_____, Edgar Allan Poe became known as the father of the modern detective story.A．The son of actors wasB．He was the son of actorsC．The son of actorsD．Acted as the son of正确答案：C解析：The appositive the son of actors describes Edgar Allan Poe. 知识模块：语法28．While it is difficult for some people to change unhealthy habits, there are______for exercising frequently and eating fewer fatty foods.A．an excellent reasonB．excellent reasonsC．reasons are excellentD．because excellent reasons正确答案：B解析：The noun phrase excellent reasons is the true subject of the second clause; there is the false subject. 知识模块：语法Sections Three：Reading Comprehension1 Dementia, a general decrease in intellectual abilities, involves impairment of memory, judgment, and social functioning. The two most frequent causes of dementia are Alzheimer’s disease and multiple small strokes, but it can also be caused by depression, drug intoxication, alcohol abuse, head trauma, and advanced stages of AIDS.2 Studies from China, Japan, Sweden, Italy, and the United States suggest that between3 and 6 percent of all adults over age 65 show significant signs of dementia. The researchers concluded that as many as 47 percent of all adults 85 and older suffer from some level of dementia, and medical experts generally agree that the rate of dementia is highest in adults over 85.3 The cause of approximately half of all cases of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease involves specific processes in the brain, most prominently a kind of tangling of the fibers in the nerve cell bodies. This tangling, which contributes to a major loss of synapses, occurs mostly in the areas of the brain that regulate new learning and memory. While all aging adults appear to have some such tangling, those that show symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease have far more. This tangling short-circuits many of the brain pathways, interfering with the person’s ability to remember even well-learned skills, such as driving a car and using a fork.29．The word impairment in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA．partB．growthC．studyD．loss正确答案：D解析：Impairment means loss in this context. Clue: ...a general decrease in intellectual abilities.... 知识模块：阅读30．The passage lists all of the following as causes of dementia EXCEPTA．depressionB．heart attackC．AIDSD．alcohol abuse正确答案：B解析：The passage does not list heart attack as a cause of dementia. All of the other answers are given: ...it can also be caused by depression,...alcohol abuse,... and advanced stages of AIDS. 知识模块：阅读31．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2?A．To list the symptoms of dementiaB．To give rates of dementia in older adultsC．To define the various types of dementiaD．To explain how dementia progresses正确答案：B解析：The purpose of the paragraph is to give rates of dementia in older adults. Clues: ...between 3 and 6 percent of all adults over age 65...; ...as many as 47 percent of all adults 85 and older... the rate of dementia is highest in adults over 85. 知识模块：阅读32．The author mainly explains Alzheimer’s disease as the result ofA．tangling of the fibers in brain cellsB．multiple small strokes or head traumaC．a major loss in sensory functionD．changes that are a normal part of aging正确答案：A解析：The author mainly explains Alzheimer’s disease as the result of tangling of the fibers in brain cells. Clue: ...Alzheimer’s disease involves specific processes in the brain, most prominently a kind of tangling of the fibers in the nerve cell bodies. 知识模块：阅读33．What does the author say about tangling?A．It involves a decrease in a certain protein in brain cells.B．It affects areas of the brain that control memory.C．It is less evident in people with Alzheimer’s disease.D．It has been a subject of controversy among researchers.正确答案：B解析：Tangling affects areas of the brain that control memory. Clue: This tangling...occurs mostly in the areas of the brain that regulate new learning and memory. 知识模块：阅读34．Why does the author mention driving a car and using a fork in paragraph 3?A．To argue that older adults can not learn new skillsB．To point out tasks that most people perform every dayC．To give examples of skills affected by Alzheimer’s diseaseD．To suggest exercises for people with Alzheimer’s disease正确答案：C解析：The author’s purpose is to give examples of skills affected by Alzheimer’s disease. Clues: ...those that show symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease...; ... interfering with the person’s ability to remember even well-learned skills, such as.... 知识模块：阅读35．1 The jazz that was popular during the 1930s and 1940s was known as “big band” or “swing.” A big band, or jazz orchestra, consisted of approximately 12 to 25 musicians and contained saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section. The music was highly arranged: prepared in advance and written on charts. Occasionally the arranger called for an improvised solo, a short piece of music created spontaneously by one of the players. In many bands, the arranger was also the bandleader.2 Big band jazz was first and foremost dance music. The earliest bands played music characterized by a sweet and romantic melody, suitable for dancing. Later, the music acquired a “swing beat,”a style of playing with a strong, driving rhythm. The “hot” rhythms of bandleaders such as Benny Goodman and Count Basie became the dominant form of popular music after 1935. From this joyous, swinging music came the energetic style of dancing called “jitterbug.”3 However, many younger jazz players felt that swing jazz was the music of an older generation and did not express their experiences. The younger musicians wanted jazz to progress. Thus, the style of jazz known as “bebop” arose. Bebop)—later called simply “bop”—was a revolt against big bands and arrangements. A typical band consisted of five instruments: saxophone, trumpet, bass, drums, and piano. The “bopsters” rejected the traditional dance beat because they felt it prevented the free-flowing, improvisational expression of ideas. They viewed jazz not as dance music but as a form of art.4 The musician who brought bop to the attention of the public was trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie. In the late thirties and early forties, while playing with the major jazz orchestras of the time, Gillespie experimented with new forms. He and a few friends worked out the ideas that were to become the essence of bop: fast tempos and improvisation based on harmonic structure rather than melody. In 1945 Dizzy Gillespie formed his own band and started collaborating with saxophonist Charlie Parker. The band made a number of first-rate records, including “Salt Peanuts”and “Hot House.”Gillespie’s popularity with jazz fans led to the gradual acceptance of bebop as an art form distinct from the jazz of the dance hall.7. Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the form of jazz that they characterize. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used.Answer Choices(A) A band with five musicians (B) A strong, driving dance rhythm (C) Emphasis on harmonic structure (D) A slow melody (E) Musical arrangements on charts (F) A steady beat for marching (G) Jazz as a form of art正确答案：BEACG解析：B Big Band: A strong, driving dance rhythm: Big band jazz was first and foremost dance music; ...a style of playing with a strong, driving rhythm. E Big Band:Musical arrangements on charts: ...highly arranged: prepared in advance and written on charts. A Bebop: A band with five musicians: A typical band consisted of five instruments.... C Bebop: Emphasis on harmonic structure: ...based on harmonic structure rather than melody. G Bebop: Jazz as a form of art:... viewed jazz not as dance music but as a form of art; ...bebop as an art form....Answers (D) and (F) characterize neither big band nor bebop. 知识模块：阅读SPEAKINGSpeaking QuestionDirections: In this question, you will listen to a conversation. You will then be asked to talk about the information in the conversation and to give your opinion about the ideas presented. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.听力原文：Listen to part of a lecture in a biology class.Birds have many physical features that contribute to their flying ability. Wings are important, but so are adjustable tails, strong muscles, large hearts, and light bones.A bird’s wings are designed so air above the wing is forced to move faster than air below the wing. This creates higher pressure under the wings, called lift, which pushes the bird up. Different wing types evolved for different ways of flying. Birds that fly long distances need long wings and the ability to soar. Other birds need superior maneuverability. Fast birds, like hawks and falcons, have wings with built-in spoilers that reduce turbulence during a speedy flight.A bird’s tail acts like a rudder to help the bird steer. Birds brake by spreading out their tails as they land. This adjustment allows them to make sudden, controlled stops—an essential skill, since most birds need to land on tree branches, or on the prey that will be their dinner.Flapping the wings to take off requires muscle strength, and strong muscles need oxygen. Birds have large, specialized hearts that beat much faster than the human heart and provide the necessary oxygen to the breast muscles. A bird’s breast muscle accounts for 15 percent of its body weight. On some birds, such as pigeons, the breast muscle accounts for one-third of their total body weight.Birds carry no excess baggage. They have hollow feathers and hollow bones. The bones have struts inside them, like the crossbeams in a bridge, which gives them strength without adding much ing points and examples from the lecture, explain how a bird’s physical features contribute to its ability to fly.36．TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked to summarize important information from the lecture.Cover the question while the lecture is playing. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, you may look at the question and prepare your response. You have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to ing points and examples from the lecture, explain how a bird’s physical features contribute to its ability to fly.StopPreparation Time - 20 seconds Response Time - 60 seconds正确答案：- A bird’s wing design provides lift, which pushes the bird up. Different wing types provide the ability to soar, the ability to maneuver, and reduced turbulence during flight.- A bird’s tail helps the bird to steer. The tail allows the bird to brake as it lands and to make sudden stops.- A bird’s strong muscles allow it to flap its wings to take off.- A bird’s large heart beats fast and provides oxygen to the breast muscles.- A bird’s feathers and bones are hollow, which makes them light. The bones have struts, which adds strength without much weight. 涉及知识点：口语。
2021年托福模拟考试题语法与改错题汇集(二)
托福模拟考试题语法与改错题汇集（二）___：rinehart 时间：xx-06-24 Comparatively few cities inthe United States have peting newspapers today. a ___jor change from 1900 ____ more than two newspapers. A. because then most large cities having B. when did most large cities have C. then most large cities that had D. when most large cities had___：nickelli 时间：xx-06-25 我觉得选D,但题目好像有点毛病___：callasun 时间：xx-06-25 98,5的题吧? 题目没问题,但today后是逗号吧?呵呵空格前完整句,后应该接从句 A是从句中没谓动,B语序错,C状从连接词错.___：iamyoyo 时间：xx-06-25 1 ( )helped form the principles which were to later affect the American constitution. b. Both colonial characteristics and their values d.The values of colonial characteristics why not d? 2 The sun hasyellow-gold rays because (we) are viewing (it) through the earth s atmosphere but judging (from its) su ___ ___ temperature, the sun s rays (are probably) closer to white.___：callasun 时间：xx-06-25 主谓一致 values是价值观的意思___：iamyoyo 时间：xx-06-25 谢！：）可是。
历年TOEFL考试经典语法错题及答案
收集易错语法题及答案1989年01月语法题 (2)1989年05月语法题 (3)1989年08月语法题 (5)1989年10月语法题 (6)1990年01月语法题 (7)1990年05月语法题 (7)1990年08月语法题 (8)1990年10月语法题 (9)1991年1月语法题 (10)1991年5月语法题 (10)1991年10月语法题 (12)1992年01月语法题 (12)1992年05月语法题 (12)1992年08月语法题 (13)1992年10月语法题 (14)1993年01月语法题 (14)1993年05月语法题 (15)1993年08月语法题 (15)1993年10月语法题 (16)2000年01月语法题 (17)2000年05月语法题 (17)2000年08月语法题 (18)2000年10月语法题 (19)2001年01月语法题 (20)2001年05月语法题 (21)2001年08月语法题 (22)2001年10月语法题 (26)2002年01月语法题 (26)2002年05月语法题 (27)2002年10月语法题 (28)2002年08月语法题 (28)2002年09月语法题 (29)2003年01月语法题 (29)2003年08月语法题 (30)2004年01月语法题 (31)1989年01月语法题12. A historical novel may do more than mirror history; __________future events.(A) even influencing(B) it may even influence(C) may even influence(D) that it may even influence14. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes__________roundshape into a teardrop shape.(A) of the drop(B) the drop’s(C) drop of(D) drops their15.__________modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting topersonalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.(A) If(B) But(C) With(D) Once16. Not woman held a presidential cabinet position in the United States until 1933, whenFrances Perkins became secretary of labor.23. The ritual combat of animals are triggered by precise signals.28. Benjamin Franklin drew a political cartoon that is credited raising 10,000 volunteers for theAmerican Revolutionary War.lchemists.31. Luminescence refers to the emission of light by means another than heat.39. The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.1989年05月语法题libel is printed while slander is spoken,libel文字中伤是写的，诽谤是说出来的。
托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析（下）Ⅱ
六、⽐较级和级 ⽐较级和级的出题⾮常有规则，⼀共有5个出题⽅向，并且每次考试必然考两个 (⼀) ⽐较级或级形式上的重复 例：The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which A involves using a circular dish with a small pocket at the bottom. B C D 分析：A错，应改为easiest。
easiest本⾝已是级，不必再⽤most，这是级形式上的重复 (⼆)⽐较级和级之间的混⽤ 例：The greenest and plentifulest leaves are the leaves of grasses. A B C D 分析：B错，应改为most plentiful。
plentiful是多⾳节形容词，须在前⾯加most构成级。
例：The more fearsome of all the animals in the Western Hemisphere A B C D is the grizzly bear. 分析：A错，应该⽤级most，含有介词of, among, in 表⽰的范围状语使⽤级。
(三)⽐较词than的前⾯⼀定要有⽐较级 改错题中，通常会看见than前⾯有⼀个原级 例：Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with A B concepts of time and space than stage directors can. C D 分析：B错，应改为greater。
根据后⾯有than⼀词可以判定前⾯的形容词⽤⽐较级形式，注意far, much 修饰⽐较级。
(四)在as…as以及否定not so…as, not as…as的中间使⽤形容词原级 as sweeter as, 这是不对的，应改为as sweet as (五)the 和⽐较级级的关系 ①、⽐较级前⾯可以出现the, 修饰后⾯的名词 the taller boy ②、副词的级加不加the均可以 例：Although flies live longest in cool temperatures, it breed A B prolifically when temperatures are warm, food is abundant, and humidity is moderate. C D 分析：副词的级加不加the均可，所以A正确，从从句的主语可以看出，B应该改为they ③、形容词的级作定语前⾯必须使⽤the, 如果不作定语的话，加不加the均可以 例：Of all the Native Americans in the United States, A B C the Navajos form largest group. D 分析：D错，应改为form the largest。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合托福考试语法模拟试题及答案1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short，extending from about 1845 to 1859.答案：B分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short duration.只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。
参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到1859.2. Crystals of pure quartz，usually called rock crystal，are coarseness，colorless，and transparent.答案：D分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness 名词应改成coarse参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。
3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones，only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.答案：D分析及考点：词序的问题。
应该改成jewelry today.参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。
4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States，North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.答案：A分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。
应该用复数states.看到one of the.参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。
5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .答案：D分析及考点：词序的颠倒。
TOEFL考试各类常见语法类错题归纳(2)
TOEFL考试各类常见语法类错题归纳(2)单数可数名词前必有限定词：冠词/形容词性物主代词/所有格/指示代词/不定代词介词加可数名词单数为错，动词加可数名词单数为错表示职务身份亲戚的名词可以单独使用表类别可以：a kind of car in+名词：in size in function in shape in color in stage in medical science要加定冠词：独一无二的事物：the sun the moon the room the summer place adj级只有做前置定语时才加the(most前不一定加the)序数词只有做前置定语时才加the second to sth人体或者普通人：the human body, the common person/the average person河流，湖泊海洋前加the in history/ in the history of sth气体元素学科前不加the乐器前加the that前有插入语的时候，允许,存在主谓一致：随前一致，n together with n, as well as, including, along就近，or, either or, neither nor most/majority/half/some/rest/one percent of决定于后面的名词单复随后一致，not A but B, not only but also many a/more than one +单数n+单数vin general/often+一般现在时，一般过去时S+insist/require+that+S+(should)+V:should必须省S make it imperative that+S+V(原型)Have done by永远错主动态动词：prove rank seem range weigh happen occur appear date back to被动态动词：be noted for be based on be composed of be concered for be know for be dedicated to be credited for/withbid let make have +sb +dobe easy/difficult/had/simple to solve：主动表被动V also V/ n also n错n+daj可做独立主格：Her A was always clean, her color fresh and bright宾语从句引导词that可以省略are sold at the price (that) common people can afford chemical可做名词from…until…介词后除了in that不能接thathave proven to be正确句首分词做状语，注意是主动还是被动动词不定式的固定用法：表目的名词，the purpose,object,aim,goal,reason,function,intension to do ability to do, attempt to do, decision to do, be ambitious to doeven, despite, in spite of, during, instead无法连接句子副词级不一定加the, the flies live longestearliest time, earliest age正确not only+主谓, but also+主谓正确not only+主谓, but also+谓错误ly结尾的形容词：heavenly orderly disorderly earthly leisurely brotherly costly kindly deadly manly同时是形容词和名词：initiative na?ve representative detective human classic characteristic additive explosive chemical favorite periodicalact on/feed on/comment on/rest on/interfere with/lie in/differ from (in) /think of…as…/originate in(from) /be credited with/be skilled (skillful) in(at) doing/becomposed of/常接动名词的动词(完整版，参考了王海波和铁岭两个人的笔记)：appraciate/avoid /admit /be capable of/ celebrate/consider/forgive/finish/favor/fancy/delay/deny/dislike/escape/enjoy/imagine/include/involve/justify/mind/miss/permit/postpone/practice/resent/resist/risk/suggest/tolerate/quit/give up/spend【。
托福(听力)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
托福（听力）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Listening ComprehensionSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Listen to a conversation between a student and his studio art professor.S: Professor Jones, good morning! Could I talk with you for a minute?P: Sure, Marty. What’s up? Is it about the class assignment this week?S: No, no... I’m almost done... really enjoying it.P: I’m glad to hear that.S: So, well, I’ve been talking to some of the other students in our studio art class and we were wondering who to talk to about maybe buying art supplies that are more environmentally safe for the art classes.P: Well, that’d be me. As the chair of the art department, I do have a say in purchasing decisions, but of course all decisions are voted on by the department faculty. You know... we already buy some eco-friendly products, for example, the easels in your painting studio. They’re made of wood from a South American eucalyptus tree. The trees grow really fast and new trees grow from the stumps of trees that have already been harvested. This is a great renewable resource.S: I didn’t know that. That’s fantastic! We are also considering drawing paper and pencils. There are some really cool companies that use recycled paper to make drawing paper and some pencil companies that make greener products out of wood from sustainable forests.P: Well, I can see you’ve done some research. Why don’t you write up a proposal? You can give us a list with the prices of the eco-friendly supplies you’d like the department to consider, and the faculty can compare that to the current cost of supplies at our next meeting.S: Oh, yeah ... I can appreciate that decisions will also be affected by the cost.P: Well, yes...that’s partly true. Of course, we have a budget for supplies and most of that money has been spent for this year, but you know, the university has been allocating additional funds for more eco-friendly practices. It’s part of their new ‘green campus’initiative.S: Yeah, the solar panels were recently installed on the roof of my dorm, and actually I read an article about the initiative in the campus newspaper. There’s a committee... I even heard there’s student representation that help in decision making related to the implementation of the university’s environmentally friendly practices.P: That’s right! The Green Committee and the solar panels you mentioned are just one of the many things they’ve done. So, I don’t know... given the university’s commitment to becoming more environmentally friendly and the fact that the university does receive partial funding from the state government to support this initiative... you never know!S: Ok... urn, when do you want the figures?P: Well, the next meeting of the art department faculty is at the beginning of next month. That gives you about three weeks.S: That should be enough time. We’ll get to work on it right away. Thanks for your help!1．Why does the student go to see the professor?A．To ask whether students can be represented at an upcoming faculty meeting B．To propose changing the kinds of supplies the art department usesC．To discuss an art project inspired by environmental concernsD．To complain about the lack of materials available to art students正确答案：B解析：目的主旨题。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案整合
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案整合托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解1. _________ directly with most metals to form compounds called carbides.A. Carbon reactingB. Carbon reactsC. The reaction of carbonD. When carbon reacts答案：B分析：从句意来看，called在这里不是谓语动词，而是分词做后置定语：…… which are called carbides.空格中缺主语和谓语，选B.参考译文：碳直接跟大部分金属反应而形成碳化物的化合物。
2. Meteorites are slowed down by Earth's atmosphere， but if they are moving _________， they can form a crater on impact.A. enough fastB. fast enoughC. so fast enoughD enough are fast答案：B分析：enough的用法，固定顺序：adj.+enough参考译文：陨石受地球大气阻挡而慢下来，但如果他们移动的足够快，他们能在撞击后形成一个大坑。
3. Located at the upper end of each________ an adrenal gland，an integral part of the endocrine system.A. kidney which isB. kidney isC. kidney beingD. kidney答案：B分析：该句为简单句，而且使用了倒装形式，原句为：An adrenal gland，an integral part of the endocrine system is located at the upper end of each kidney.参考译文：肾上腺是内分泌系统的一个完整的部分，它位于肾的上端。
TOEFL模拟测试题1-2
TOEFL模拟测试题1-2TOEFL模拟测试题（1-2）READING COMPREHENSIONAs many as one thousand years ago in the Southwest, the Hopi and Zuni Indians of North America were building with adobe -- sun-baked brick plastered with mud. Their homes lookedremarkably like modem apartment houses. Some were four stories high and contained quartersfor perhaps thousand people, along with storerooms for grain and other goods. Thesebuildings were usually put up against cliffs, both to make construction easier and for defenseagainst enemies. They were really villages in themselves, as later Spanish explorers must haverealized since they called them "pueblos", which is Spanish for town.The people or the pueblos raised what are called "the three sisters" -- corn, beans, andsquash. They made excellent pottery and wove marvelous baskets, some so fine that they couldhold water. The Southwest has always been a dry country, where water is scarce. The Hopi andZuni brought water from streams to their fields and gardens through irrigation ditches. Waterwas so important that it played a major role in their religion. They developed elaborateceremonies and religious rituals to bring rain.The way of life of less-settled groups was simpler and morestrongly influenced by nature.Small tribes such as the Shoshone and Ute wandered the dry and mountainous lands betweenthe Rocky Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. They gathered seeds and hunted small animalssuch as rabbits and snakes.In the Far North the ancestors of today s Inuit hunted seals, walruses,and the great whales. They lived right on the frozen seas in shelters called igloos built of blocksof packed snow. When summer came, they fished for salmon and hunted the lordly caribou.The Cheyenne, Pawnee, and Sioux tribes, known as the Plains Indians, lived on thegrasslands between the rocky mountains and the Mississippi River. They hunted biso。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B 分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City. A. she was the first woman to conduct B. the first woman conductor C. the woman was first conducting D. the woman conducts first答案：B 分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家补充：常考the first/second/。
one to do sth3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A 分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。
托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析（下）1
五、句⼦的结构来源：考试⼤句⼦的结构主要考查四个出题⽅向。
(⼀) 主语的重复来源：考试⼤名词+代词+谓语，这个代词永远是重复的主语，永远是错的例：Woodrow Wilson he was an idealist who refused to make any A B compromises concerning the establishment of the C D League of Nations.分析：代词he不是同位语，主语重复；如果是下⾯这样的主语，那么便是主语同位语A prolific writer, Woodrow Wilson例：Two unique features of the Arctic they are A B lack of precipitation and permanently frozen ground. C D分析：选项B中的they和前⾯的主语two unique features重复(⼆)谓语的重复来源：考试⼤完整的句⼦后⾯⼜多了⼀个谓语，往往改为定语从句例：A paragraph is a portion of a text consists of 来源：考试⼤ A B one or more sentences related to the same idea. C D分析：B错，应改为consisting of或which consists of。
句中有两个⽆法连接的谓语动词，⽽且前⼀个谓语动词下⾯没有划线，故改consists为⾮谓语动词形式或在它前⾯加which使之成为从句谓语动词。
(三)谓语的缺少来源：考试⼤例：Most mammals to maintain a relatively constant body A B temperature, regardless of what the air temperature might be. C D分析：A错，应改为maintain。
托福口语：Test 2 语法题训练(二)
托福口语：Test 2 语法题训练（二）小马过河为大家准备了“托福口语：Test 2 语法题训练（二）”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-26741. In a barter economy, a person having something to trade must make contact with another person ________ and has something acceptable to offer in exchange.A. and who wants itB. wants itC. who wants itD. who does it want答案：C分析及考点：定语从句。
A中and多余。
B缺连接词。
D词序颠倒。
参考译文：在易物交换的体系中，有东西想做交易的人必须跟另一个想要这东西并能在交易中提供可接受物品的人接触。
42. The chief justice of the United States is the country’s _________ and is appointed by the President with the approval of the Senate.A. judicial officer highestB. officer judicial highestC. officer highest judicialD. highest judicial officer答案：D分析及考点：形容词顺序的考察。
因为中心词是officer，所以ABC都错。
参考译文：美国的首席法官是国家最高的司法官员，并在参议院批准下由总统任命。
43. Including land and water, the state of Alaska ________ an area of 1,530,700 square kilometers, equal to about one-sixth of the size of the United States.A. havingB. where there isC. which isD. has答案：D分析及考点：句子缺谓语。
老托福语法题(198910)2-1
智课网TOEFL备考资料老托福语法题(198910)2-1摘要：老托福语法题(1989.10)2-1，虽然托福考生经过改革后难度提升了，但是在语法和句型的考察方面，与老托福考试无太大的异议，因此一些老托福的备考资料，准备考托福的同学们仍然可以使用。
下文中，小编为各位同学编辑汇总了老托福语法题，希望同学们能够加以利用。
并能从中获取解题方法及技巧。
如下就是小马小编为各位同学汇总整理的1989年10月份的老托福语法题，希望同学们综合利用。
1. Quasars emitting extremely intense radio waves and visible radiation. (A) Star-like objects are(B) Star-like, they are objects(C) are star-like objects(D) are they star-like objects答案：C测试点：主谓结构.分析：Quasar 是主语，后面缺少动词及动词后所带成份，应在答案中选择动词十宾语或系动词斗表语的结构.(C)是系表结构.解题要点：在 4 个答案中首先寻找以动词开头的形式.2. Mary Cassatt specialized mothers with their children. (A) painted(B) who painted(C) paintings(D) in painting答案：D测试点：习语。
分析：specialize 是不及物动词，后面不能直接加宾语，而要用介词。
答案中只有(D)有介词，故选(D).specialize in+名词/动名词是固定短语.3. Gorillas are quiet animals, they are able to make about twenty different sounds. (A) how(B) in spite of (C) because of (D) even though答案：D 测试点：连词. 分析：逗号前后为两个主谓完整的句子，且是转折的关系，要用表示转折的连词连接.答案中只有 (D)even though 是表示转折的连词。
托福语法辅导解析题
托福语法辅导解析题托福语法始终都是一些同学的痛点，我整理了一些托福语法解析题，下面我就和大家共享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福语法辅导解析题11. Citrus fruits thrive in quite very tropical climates.A B C DKey：C分析：第一步分析空前后的关系，觉察没有什么不对的地方。
第二步分析空本身，觉察C中的两个词重复使用的。
必要学问点：考点是重复。
Quite、very 都是程度副词修饰tropical，用在一起，重复了。
改正：quite very à very参考译文：柑橘类水果在赤道地带的气候下生长繁茂。
2. Carson McCullers was fame for her novels about life in the small towns of the southernA B C DUnited States.Key：A分析：第一步分析空前后的关系，觉察fame，由此想到be fames for，所以在此A应当为famous才对。
必要学问点：考点是固定搭配。
be famous for. 以什么而有名。
改正：fame à famous参考译文：Carson McCullers 因其讲解并描述南美小镇生活的小说而知名。
3. Because the atmosphere of Mars is so thin，wind velocities of several hundredA B Ckilometers per hour are required to raised dust particles during dust storms.DKey：D分析：第一步分析空前后的关系，觉察D前面是to，很明显这里应当是动词原形才对。
必要学问点：考点是动词不定式。
to do做目的状语，后面接动词原形。
改正：raised à raise参考译文：因为火星的大气太淡薄，尘爆发生时需要几百公里每小时的风速把尘土颗粒吹起来。
托福模拟试题(二)2
托福模拟试题（二）2托福模拟试题（二）2 托福模拟试题（二）2 发布时间：2006-05-13els and began designing larger buildings on increasingly spacious parcels even farther from city centers. Other builders began working on home to meet the needs of young couples starting new families. The townhouse, a two to three-story brick and frame structure containing more than 4 but less than 30 units per structure, wa seen as the solution. These aprtments were successful in luring many young adult city dwellers out to the suburbs.In subsequent development, traditional single family ranch-style designs continued to be embraced, but new forms were also introduced: The condominium, a singlefamily attached dwelling; the triplex and fourplex, three-and four-family struchres; and prefabs, which have become significantly more popular durin the last 20 years owing to their low cost and ease of construction. The prefabs have the additional distinction of being mobile. It is not uncommon to see semi-trailers hauling these modular living units along the freeways to remote destinations. In a very real sense, thisphenomena marks the cutting edge of suburbanization: a move out of the traditional suburbs and into areas that were formally considered wildeness.11. What is the primary topic of the passage?(A) Real-estate finance(B) Suburban housing(C) Construction techniques(D) Population increase12. According to the passage, when did suburban housing experience its greatest increase in America?(A) 1940's(B) 1950's(C) 1960's(D) 1970's13. In line 3, the word "surge" is closest in meaning to(A) increase(B) decline(C) desire(D) order14. It can be inferred that the large population increases in San Diego and San Joese were due to(A) increased employment in the area(B) excellent year-round weather(C) proximity to the coast(D) large municipal areas15. How did suburban construction change in the 1960's?(A) It increased in the cities of San Diego and San Jose.(B) It slowed and developed more specific markets.(C) It slowed and developed a unified approadch.(D) It relied more on prefab housing.16. Which of the following was NOT true of the larger suburban houses built in the sixties?(A) They were built larger than traditional suburban homes.(B) They were mainly sold to people who already.(C) they were on larger pieces of land.(D) They were closer to the city.17. In line 15, the world "reap" is closest in meaning to(A) overcome(B) harvest(C) alter(D) avoid18. According to the passage, how did the townhouse differ from a traditional suburban home?(A) They costs more to build.(B) They were built near cities.(C) Several homes were grouped together.(D) They attracted older buyers.19. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a alternative to traditional suburban housing?(A) High-rise buildings(B) Prefabricated housing(C) Triplexes and fourplexes(D) Condominiums20. What does the author imply about future housing development?(A) It will continue to move away from the city centers.(B) It will slow donw as the economy falters.(C) All housing will be mobilized.(D)The move towards suburbs has cut to the end.Questions 21-30When European explorers came across the densely clustered earthen homes of the southwestern American Indians, they described them as pueblos-the Spanish word for town or village. The name ocnveys the complexity of these ancient muti-storied buildings which marked a high point inteh enginnrng feats of the region's native people.The earthen homes were typically built beneath a large rock overhang to take advantage of the shelter from winter rains and the hot desert sun. An additional advantage of this carefully chosen location was the ability to maintain steady internal temperatures through contact with the thermal mass of solid rock along the rear walls.In the earliest times, the exteriors were made of sandstone blocks. Since this material was relatively soft, it was easy to cut slabs from the mountains and build thick walls mortared with mud from a nearby stream. In areas where the stone was either too difficult to cut, or where there was a short supply of suitable material, the blocks could be built from mud mixed with dried grass and small sticks, this product was known as "adobe."Ingenious techniques were involved in the construction of the roofs. Although there were few trees available int eh desert regions, the men of the ribe would collect any lumber long enough to cover the span between the walls. These flexible poles were then interlaced with smaller sticks, and finally with small wigs and leaves. Once the covering was strong enough to walk on, river mud and dried grasses wer eapplied in severallayers until a sufficient thickness had been accumulated to give the final rigid form.The second storywas typically set back a dozen meters alowing a "front yard" for cooking, basket weaving and tanning animal skins. This teeraced effect created a spacious living environment and allowed both an organized area for domestic activities as well as an easy method of passage from one house to another.21. What is the primary topic of the passage?(A) The southwestern American Indians(B) The ancient uses of Sandstone blocks(C) The architecture of the southwestern Indian(D) The most practial ancient housing22. What can be inferred about the buildings from the fact they were named "pueblos" ?(A) They were only built near a city.(B) They could contain many people.(C) They style was created by the Spanish.(D) They were built of local materials.23. In line 4, the word "feats" is colosest in meaning to(A) accomplishments(B) destinies(C) exertions(D) celebrations24. It can be inferred that the interior section of the pueblo with the most regular temperature would be(A) the front(B) the terrace(C) the left side(D) the rear section25. What were the original pueblos built of?(A) Sticks and grass(B) Adobe(C) River mud(D) Carved blocks26. What ethod was used in areas where it was too difficult to cut stone?(A) Softer stones were used.(B) River rocks were used.(C) Mud was molded into bricks.(D) Sticks were used.27. According to the passage, what aspect of pueblo construction was most interesting?(A) The cuttign of rocks(B) The mixing of mud(C) The building of roofs(D) The terraced patios28. In line 24, the word "terraced" is closest in meaning to?(A) Stepped(B) Opened(C) Enclosed(D) Noteworthy29. Which of the following was not mentioned as an activity performed as an activity performed on the front section of the pueblo?(A) Cooking(B)Sun tanning(C) Making leather(D) Weaving30. It can be inferred that every level of the pueblo had a terraceEXCEPT(A) the second story(B) the top story(C) the first story(D) the tird storyQuestions 31-42Hydroponics, the science of growing plants in water or inert substances, represents one of the most innovative practices in moden agricultural development. Not only does it allow greater precision of the plant growth process, it permits the production of crops in hostile in fertile environments.The first widely publicized soilles gardeing experiments were conducted during the 1930's. W.F. Gericke, of the University of Califormai at Berkeley, varied nutrient levels among secimens suspended in a gravel substrate to demonstrate remarkable alterations in growth. Among the findings that amazed his fellow horticulturalists was the production of tomato plants over 6 meters high.The original hydroponic gardens merely consisted of plants floating in water. It later discovered that the roots could survive in a number of media, as long as they were supplied with sufficeint moisture, nutrients and oxyen. Avariety of materials are used in recent versions including, gravel, sand, peat, sawdust, plastics and even peanut shells. Indeed, one of the most productive methods involes suspending plants in air with a styrofoam support and spraying them occasionally with nutrient solution to keep them moist.Many different kinds of materials are suitable for physically containing plants, yet all of these systems share one trait: the culture solution. This nutrient bath is prepared in a tank by dissolving salts which provide the necessary chemicals for plant metabolism. Constant care must be taken to assure that the sodium-chloride levels in the tank do not reach excessive levels as the plants draw water and minerals out of the solution. The acidity of the tank must also be maintained aroudn 6.0 to 6.5 depending on the specific type of plants being harvested.Although soilless farming is generally more expensive than utilizing fertile land, Herbicides and pesticides are unesessary becausue of the controlled environment. The plants also need less space to grow because their untrient uptake is significantly more efficient. The most outstanding benefit, though, is the ability to produce crops in areas with poor soil conditions or insufficient rainfall.31. Which is NOT mentioned as a benefit of hydroponics?(A) More control over plant growth(B) Broader ranges of agricultural environements(C) Production of impressive specimens(D) Decreased costs compared to other methods32. What does this passage mainly discuss?(A) Soilless gardening(B) Plant nutrition(C) Growth media(D) Controling plant growth33. According to the passage, how did Gericke produce tall tomato plants?(A) He altered the type of substrate.(B) He demonstrated their growth to his fellow horticulturalists.(C) He increased the acidity of their environment.(D) He controlled their nutrition by growing without soil.34. In line 8, the word "findings" is closest in meaning to(A) outcomes(B) questions(C) verdicts(D) convictions35. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a necessity for hydroponics?(A) Moisture(B) Nutrients(C) Earth(D) Oxygen36. According to the passage, which part of the plant is most affected by the modern horticulture?(A) Leaves(B) Stems(C) Roots(D) Flowers37. In line 11, word "media" is closest in meaning to(A) commercials(B) substances(C) averages(D) organizations38. In line 15, the word "suspending" most closely means?(A) Halting(B) Revoking(C) Hanging(D) Removing39. According to the passage, what quality do all soilless systems have in common?(A) Gravel substrate(B) Natural lighting(C) Nutrient solution(D) Similar results40. Which of the following is NOT necessary to monitor in the nutrient solution?(A) sodium-chloride levels(B) Dissolved nutrient levels(C) Acidity levels(D) Proper substrate levels41. According to the passage, what would be a good reason NOT to use hydroponics?(A) Increased pesticides(B) Produces lower quality products(C) Higher cost(D) Uses less space42. In line 27, the word "uptake" is closest in meaning to(A) allowance(B) rising(C) absorption(D) respirationQuestions 43-50Whereas most animal teeth, including those of the odontocetes whales, are made of tough rock-like calcium, the mouths of the mystecetes whales are lined with a series ofvertical, blade-like plates which hang from the upper jaw enabling them to filter their food from the seawater. Made from keratin, the same material found in fingernails, these food gathering combs are collectively referred to as a baleen. The whales fill their mouths with tons of seawater and then strain the collected mass through the baleen mats to estract tiny crustaceans such as krill, copepods and the occasional very small fish. Despite their large size, these whales have an esophagus of only a few inches in diameter which prohibits them from swallowing anything much larger than the smallest sardines. Instead of hunting for their prey, the baleen whales merely propel themselves through the fertile surface waters collecting the abundant material in their filtering apparatus.The odontocetes, or toothed whales, have peg-like teeth which grasp prey but do not chew it, and their throats are large enough to devour entire squids, octopus and small sharks. Under ideal conditions, they feed opportunistically upon whatever is immediately available though they are capable of diving over a half mile deep in pursuit of food. As the feeding grounds of the odontocetes vary seasonally according to the availability of prey, they typically must migrae long distances.While both the toothless mystecetes and the carnivorous odontocetes have similar physical characteristics, including an average overall isze exceeding twenty meters and a shared mammalian background, their habitats and behaviors differ due to their distinct nutritional needs. An interesting distinction is the lack of social behaviors among the toothless animals. Herding behavior demonstrates the rule among toothed whales as opposed to the baleen whales which typically travel in pairs or individually, believed to use a primitive form of communication among their peers as an aid in pursiung food.43. what is the main topic of the passage?(A) the difference between toothed and toothless whales.(B) The behavior of whales(C) The nutritional requirements for whales(D) The physical characteristics of whales44. Accoridng to the pasage, the mystecetes can be differentiated from odontocetes by(A) the presence of teeth(B) The presence of baleen(C) a mammalian background(D) large body size45. Which of the following is NOT consumed by mystecetes whales?(A) Krill(B) Copepods(C) Sardines(D) Squids46. It line 8, the word "esophagus" is closest in meaning to(A) baleen(B)teeth(C)throat(D) brain47. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a food source for odontocetes?(A) Squids(B) Sharks(C) Krill(D) Octopus48. How frequently od the odontocetes need to migrate in search of food?(A) Once a year(B) As the seasons chane(C) Every month(D) Occasionally49. Accoridng to the author, what helps explain mystecetes relatively undeveloped communication?(A) They have large nutritional requirements.(B) They do not need to hunt for food.(C) they are too large.(D) Their esophagus is too small.50. Which of the following is a similarity between the mystecetes and the odontocetes?(A) Sources of nutrition(B) Communicative abilities(C) Group behavior(D) Mammalian backgroundTHIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 3 ONLY.DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST.托福模拟试题（二）2 相关内容:。
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托福模拟考试题语法与改错题汇集（二）作者：nickelli时间：2002-06-25我觉得选D,但题目好像有点毛病作者：callasun时间：2002-06-2598,5的题吧?题目没问题,但today后是逗号吧?呵呵空格前完整句,后应该接从句A是从句中没谓动,B语序错,C状从连接词错.作者：iamyoyo时间：2002-06-251 ( )helped form the principles which were to later affect the American constitution.b. Both colonial characteristics and their valuesd.The values of colonial characteristics why not d?2 The sun has yellow-gold rays because (we) are viewing (it) through the earth s atmosphere but judging (from its) surface temperature, the sun s rays (are probably) closer to white.作者：callasun时间：2002-06-25主谓一致values是价值观的意思作者：iamyoyo时间：2002-06-25谢！：）可是。
为什么呢？谓语不是helped?怎么看出来的？were to 指的是principles么？作者：callasun时间：2002-06-25谓语是affect作者：iamyoyo时间：2002-06-25我认为which后面是定语从句，修饰principles，所以were to affect的逻辑主语是principles同时，题干里没有足够的证据表明谓语动词是单数or复数。
不过谢谢，是否values作为价值观解释的时候，谓语动词是单数？作者：tonglifeng时间：2002-06-26their 只用于有生命的，没有生命的用OF形式作者：shirley_tzq时间：2002-06-14A patrilineal (extended) family consists （of core）group of males, their (wives), (and) their unmarried daughters.这道题的b怎么错了，要改成什么呢？为什么？我觉得core 作为定语修饰group可以亚，而且core也确实可以做定语亚？Petrography (concerns) primarily with the detailed (description) and classification of rocks, (whereas) petrology deals primarily with rock (formation).这题的a怎么错了？改成什么，是改为deals，和后面的并列吗？不懂？想不明白？作者：guozu9119时间：2002-06-15第一题：少了THE第二题：似乎应改为：IS CONCERNED WITH作者：flying_pipi时间：2002-06-17第二题中concern with的搭配有错, 应为deals with作者：iamyoyo时间：2002-06-25 of a core groupdeals with(对称）作者：shirley_tzq时间：2002-06-17Composer Richard Rodgers and lyricist Oscar hammerstein II (brought to)the musical Oklahoma! (extensive) musical and theatrical backgrounds as well as (familiar) with the (traditional) forms of operetta and musical comedy.这一题是不是把familiar 改成过去式，和brought并列？作者：780916时间：2002-06-17I think "familiar"is an adj. How to change to p.p.?作者：iamyoyo时间：2002-06-25familiar should be changed to n. -familiarity作者：dmhorse时间：2002-06-26普一25. The nonviolent protest advocate by DR.MLKJ proving hightly effective in an age of expanding television news converge.上题的converge是一个动词原形，proving这个动作由..protest引出，converge是什么成分，它的主语在哪？好像没了更合适另，此题答案选proving普二Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety ofinjuries if participants push themselves greatly hard.上题中的hard是adj，adv+adj+N是正确用法，假如只是adv+adj是否必错无疑？如greatly hard.作者：flying_pipi时间：2002-06-26第二题,greatly- too, 用词不当作者：dmhorse时间：2002-06-27普一25. The nonviolent protest advocate by DR.MLKJ proving hightly effective in an age of expanding television news converge.上题的converge是一个动词原形，proving这个动作由..protest引出，converge是什么成分，它的主语在哪？好像没了更合适另，此题答案选proving普二Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety of injuries if participants push themselves greatly hard.上题中的hard是adj，adv+adj+N是正确用法，假如只是adv+adj是否必错无疑？如greatly hard.普三39.Certain zoologists regard crows and ravens are the most intelligent of bird.这里的划线的intelligent无论怎样改都好像不通，是否应划线部分为intelligent of普四31.Birds eggs vary greatly of size,shape,and color.这里的of是否应改成with，蛋随着形状…而变化？？？这里的birds eggs为XX蛋，能否举多几个例子，双名词结构的34.Xanthines have both good and bad effects on the body,and these effects are generally determined on the size and regularity of dosage.这里的determined怎错了？作者：威廉豆时间：2002-06-27普一25. The nonviolent protest advocate by DR.MLKJ proving hightly effective in an age of expanding television news converge.从句意上理解，肯定要改PROVING为PROVE，不知道你这题从哪里来的，反正VONVERGE的确讲不通。
普二Physical fitness activities can lead to an alarming variety ofinjuries if participants push themselves greatly hard.上题中的hard是adj，adv+adj+N是正确用法，假如只是adv+adj是否必错无疑？如greatly hard. 你见过多少次用GREAT 的副词形式？特少，这句话从语感上也是GREATLY不对，翻翻字典就知道了。
普三39.Certain zoologists regard crows and ravens are the most intelligent of bird.这里的划线的intelligent无论怎样改都好像不通，是否应划线部分为intelligent of 最高级＋OF＋类别是可以的，比如说you are among the highest of all the boys，实际就和the old, the young 可以代表一类人是一样的道理普四31.Birds eggs vary greatly of size,shape,and color.这里的of是否应改成with，蛋随着形状…而变化？？？这里的birds eggs为XX蛋，能否举多几个例子，双名词结构的不对，不该改成WITH，这体现的是一种静态事实，而不是一种动态过程。
如果真要改，也宁可改成IN。
所谓双名词结构的比如WOMEN SOLDIERS。
34.Xanthines have both good and bad effects on the body,and these effects are generally determined on the size and regularity of dosage.这里的determined怎错了？DETERMINED ON肯定不对，应该改成DEPENDENT ON，要不凑合改成DEDTERMINED BY，但意思稍微有点变化。
合集五---------------------------------------------------作者：hinker时间：2002-06-29Few of the gold seekers (who) flocked to California (were) experienced miners, (neither) did they feel that they (had to) be.答案CBenjamin Franklin (exprerimented with) a kite in a thunderstorm in order (to get) (that) lightning is (electricity).签案是B为什么啊？谢谢作者：serala时间：2002-06-29第一道题中的NEITHER，之所以错是因为正确的应该是NOR，因为NEITHER NOR的连句里，NEITHER只作为上句的修饰词，下句应该选用NOR。