英语单词时态变化规则以及读音规则

一、动词第三人称单数的变化规则及发音规律1、大多数动词在词尾加“S”在清辅音后发音为[s]，在浊辅音及元音后发音为[z]。

如：①stop－stops [s] ; make－makes [s]②read－reads [z] ; play－plays [z]2、以辅音字母加“y”结尾的，要先将“y”变为“i”，然后在加“es”读[iz] 如：fly－flies [z]；carry－carries [z]study－studies [z]; worry－worries3、以“s,x, ch, sh”结尾的，在词尾加“es”，发音为[iz] 如：teach－teaches [iz]; watch－watches [iz]4、以“o”结尾的动词，加“es”，读[z] 如：go－goes [z] do－does [z]5、以不发音字母“e”结尾的开音节词，如果尾音是[s]，[z]时，加“s”后字母“e”发音，与所加“s”一起读做[iz]。

如：close－closes [iz]二、名词复数的规则变化___________________________________________________情况构成方法读音例词__________________________________________________一般情况加-s 1.清辅音后读/s/;map-maps2.浊辅音和元音后bag-bags读/z/;car-cars___________________________________________________以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es读/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches___________________________________________________以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s读/iz/license-licenses___________________________________________________以辅音字母+y变y 为i结尾的词再加es读/z/baby---babies___________________________________________________以-f或-fe结尾的名词多将-f或-fe变成-ves，但有例外，读音变化：尾音[f]改度[vz]。

例：life-lives leaf-leaves反例：roof-roofs___________________________________________________以O结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。

读音:[z]。

例：tomato-tomatoes反例：piano-pianos（外来词）photo-photos（缩写词）三、英语规则动词过去式变化规则和发音规则和不规则动词表1.规则动词的过去式词尾变化有几种：1．一般情况下加ed，如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。

2．以不发音字母e结尾的加d，如liked, moved, tasted。

3．以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed，如study——studied。

4．以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed，如stop——stopped。

2.过去式的发音是由单词的最后一个音素来决定的:1.如果该单词以清辅音结尾,如/k/,/p/等,则读作/t/,例如looked读作/t/.2.如果该单词以浊辅音结尾,如/n/,/b/等,则读作/d/,例如abandoned读作/d/.3.如果该单词以字母t或字母d结尾,则读作/id/,例如started读作/id/.4.如果该单词以元音结尾,则读作/d/,例如studied读作/d/.3.不规则动词表Infinitive 不定式 Past Tense 过去式Past Participle 过去分词abide abode, abided abode, abidedalight alighted, alit alighted, alitarise arose arisenawake awoke awoke, awakedbe was, were beenbear bore borne, bornbeat beat beatenbecome became becomebefall befell befallenbeget begot begotten, begotbegin began begunbehold beheld beheldbend bent bentbereave bereaved, bereft bereaved, bereftbeseech besought, beseeched besought, beseechedbeset beset besetbespeak bespoke bespoken, bespokebespread bespread bespreadbestrew bestrewed bestrewed, bestrewnbestride bestrode bestridden, bestrid, bestrodebet bet, betted bet, bettedbetake betook betakenbethink bethought bethoughtbid bade, bid bidden, bidbide bode, bided bidedbind bound boundbite bit bitten, bitbleed bled bledblend blended, blent blended, blentbless blessed, blest blessed, blestblow blew blownbreak broke brokenbreed bred bredbring brought broughtbroadcast broadcast, broadcasted broadcast, broadcasted browbeat browbeat browbeatenbuild built builtburn burnt, burned burnt, burnedburst burst burstbuy bought boughtcan could -cast cast castcatch caught caughtchide chid, chided chid, chidden, chided choose chose chosencleave cleaved, cleft, clove cleaved, cleftcleave clave clovencling clung clungclothe clothed, clad clothed, cladcome came comecost cost costcreep crept creptcrow crowed, crew crowedcut cut cutdare dared, durst dareddeal dealt dealtdig dug dugdispread dispread dispreaddo did donedraw drew drawndream dreamed, dreamt dreamed, dreamt drink drank drunkdrive drove drivendwell dwelt, dwelled dwelt, dwelledeat ate eatenfall fell fallenfeed fed fedfeel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found foundflee fled fledfling flung flungfly flew flownfly fled fledfly flied fliedforbear forbore forborneforbid forbade, forbad forbiddenforecast forecast, forecasted forecast, forecasted fordo fordid fordoneforego forewent foregoneforeknow foreknew foreknownforerun foreran forerunforesee foresaw foreseenforeshow foreshowed foreshownforetell foretold foretoldforget forgot forgotten, forgot forgive forgave forgivenforsake forsook forsakenforswear forswore forswornfreeze froze frozengainsay gainsaid gainsaidget got got, gottengild gilded, gilt gildedgird girded, girt girded, girtgive gave givengo went gonegrave graved graven, gravedgrind ground groundgrow grew grownhamstring hamstringed, hamstrung hamstringed, hamstrung hang hung hunghang hanged hangedhave had hadhear heard heardheave heaved, hove heaved, hove hew hewed hewed, hewn hide hid hidden, hidhit hit hithold held heldhurt hurt hurtinlay inlaid inlaidkeep kept keptkneel knelt, kneeled knelt, kneeled knit knitted, knit knitted, knit know knew knownlade laded laded, ladenlay laid laidlead led ledlean leaned, leant leaned, leant leap leapt, leaped leapt, leaped learn learnt, learned learnt, learned leave left leftlend lent lentlet let letlie lay lainlie lied liedlight lit litlight lighted lightedlose lost lostmake made mademay might -mean meant meantmeet met metmelt melted melted, melten misdeal misdealt misdealt misgive misgave misgiven mislay mislaid mislaid mislead misled misledmistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood mow mowed mowed, mown must must -ought ought -outbid outbade, outbid outbidden, outbidoutbreed outbred outbredoutdo outdid outdoneouteat outate outeatenoutfight outfought outfoughtoutgo outwent outgoneoutgrow outgrew outgrownoutlay outlaid outlaidoutride outrode outriddenoutrun outran outrunoutsell outsold outsoldoutshine outshone outshoneoutshoot outshot outshotoutsit outsat outsatoutspend outspent outspent outspread outspread outspreadoutthrow outthrew outthrown outthrust outthrust outthrustoutwear outwore outwornoverbear overbore overborneoverbid overbid overbidden, overbid overblow overblew overblown overbuild overbuilt overbuiltoverbuy overbought overbought overcast overcast overcast overcome overcame overcomeoverdo overdid overdone overdraw overdrew overdrawn overdrive overdrove overdrivenovereat overate overeaten overfeed overfed overfedoverfly overflew overflown overgrow overgrew overgrown overhang overhung overhung overhear overheard overheard overlade overladed overladed, overladen overlay overlaid overlaidoverleap overleapt, overleaped overleapt, overleaped overlie overlay overlainoverpay overpaid overpaidoverride overrode overriddenoverrun overran overrunoversee oversaw overseenoversell oversold oversoldoverset overset oversetoversew oversewed oversewed, oversewn overshoot overshot overshot oversleep overslept overslept overspend overspent overspent overspread overspread overspread overtake overtook overtaken overthrow overthrew overthrown overwind overwound overwound overwrite overwrote overwritten partake partook partakenpay paid paidprecast precast precastprechoose prechose prechosenprove proved proved, provenput put putquit quitted, quit quitted, quitread read readreave reaved, reft reaved, reftrebuild rebuilt rebuiltrecast recast recastreeve rove, reeved rove, reevedrelay relaid relaidrend rent rentrepay repaid repaidreset reset resetretell retold retoldrid rid, ridded rid, riddedride rode riddenring rang rungrise rose risenrive riven riven, rivedrun ran runsaw sawed sawn, sawedsay said saidsee saw seenseek sought soughtsell sold soldsend sent sentset set setsew sewed sewn, sewed shake shook shakenshall should -shave shaved shaved, shaven shear sheared shorn, sheared shed shed shedshine shone, shined shone, shined shoe shod, shoed shod, shoed shoot shot shotshow showed shown, showed shred shredded, shred shredded, shred shrink shrank, shrunk shrunk, shrunken shrive shrove, shrived shriven, shrived shut shut shutsing sang, sung sungsink sank, sunk sunk, sunkensit sat satslay slew slainsleep slept sleptslide slid slid, slidden sling slung slungslink slunk slunkslit slit slitsmell smelt, smelled smelt, smelled smite smote smitten, smote sow sowed sown, sowed speak spoke spokenspeed sped, speeded sped, speeded spell spelt, spelled spelt, spelled spend spent spentspill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled spin spun spunspit spat, spit spat, spitsplit split splitspoil spoilt, spoiled spoilt, spoiled spread spread spreadspring sprang, sprung sprungstand stood stoodstave staved, stove staved, stovesteal stole stolenstick stuck stucksting stung stungstink stank, stunk stunkstrew strewed strewn, strewed stride strode stridden, stridstrike struck struck, stricken string strung strungstrive strove, strived striven, strived swear swore swornsweat sweat, sweated sweat, sweated sweep swept sweptswell swelled swollen, swelled swim swam swumswing swung swungtake took takenteach taught taughttear tore torntell told toldthink thought thoughtthrive throve, thrived thriven, thrived throw threw thrownthrust thrust thrusttread trod trodden, trod unbend unbent unbentunbind unbound unboundunbuild unbuilt unbuiltunderbid underbid underbidden, underbid underbuy underbought underbought undercut undercut undercutunderdo underdid underdone underfeed underfed underfedundergo underwent undergoneunderlay underlaid underlaidunderlet underlet underletunderlie underlay underlainunderpay underpaid underpaidunderrun underran underrunundersell undersold undersold underset underset underset undershoot undershot undershot understand understood understood undertake undertook undertaken underwrite underwrote underwrittenundo undid undoneundraw undrew undrawnunfreeze unfroze unfrozenungird ungirded, ungirt ungirded, ungirt unhang unhung unhungunknit unknitted, unknit unknitted, unknit unlade unladed unladed, unladen unlay unlaid unlaidunlearn unlearnt, unlearned unlearnt, unlearned unmake unmade unmadeunreeve unrove, unreeved unrove, unreeved unsay unsaid unsaidunset unset unsetunsling unslung unslungunspeak unspoke unspokenunstick unstuck unstuckunstring unstrung unstrungunswear unswore unswornunteach untaught untaughtunthink unthought unthoughtuntread untrod untrodden, untrod unweave unwove unwovenunwind unwound unwoundupbuild upbuilt upbuiltupcast upcast upcastuphold upheld uphelduppercut uppercut uppercutuprise uprose uprisenupset upset upsetupsweep upswept upsweptupswing upswung upswungwake waked, woke waked, woken, woke waylay waylaid waylaidwear wore wornweave wove wovenwed wedded, wed wedded, wed weep wept weptwet wetted, wet wetted, wet will would -win won wonwind winded, wound winded, wound wit wist wist withdraw withdrew withdrawn withhold withheld withheld withstand withstood withstood work worked workedwork wrought wrought wring wrung wrungwrite wrote written。