模块一&二语法

模块一&二语法重点

一、有关定语从句的一些要点

I. 只能用“that” 的情况

1. 先行词为anything/everything/all/any/little等不定代词时

注：有时all/everything/anything + that定语从句= what+名词性从句（如宾语从句）We’ll do all (that) we can to help you （= what we can）

The way he solved the problem was different from what we were used to.（=the way that we were used to）

2.先行词前有序数词,最高级,all /any / the very / the right / the only修饰时

3.先行词既有人又有物时We talked about the things and teachers that we all knew.

4. 引导词在从句中作表语时

My hometown is no longer a small village that it used to be.(that在从句中做表语)

5. 避免重复时Who is the person that you want to see.

II. 不能用that 的情况

1.介词之后The prize for which he worked so hard was a new bicycle.

2.非限制性定语从句中，“，”之后Football,which is a very interesting game, is played all over

the world.

III. whose的使用：既指人又指物，替代his, her, their, its及名词所有格(如：Tom’s/the school’s) The book, whose cover is broken, is not mine. (=the cover of which = of which the cover)

IV. 先行词为表时间/地点/原因的名词时，用where, when, why还是用that/which 若从句中被替代部分：作主语或宾语，用that/which;

作状语, 用where/when/why (往往=“介词+wh ich”)

1．My sister works in a beautiful city, _where_there are a lot of parks. (=in which)

2．The place_that/which_ interests the children most is Disneyland.(从句中作主语)

3．I often thought of my childhood, when I lived on a farm. (替代in my childhood)

4．Next winter,__which you’ll spend in Harbin, I’m sure, will be an exciting holiday.(作spend的宾语)

5．Mary had to go to Beijing on business on June15, which happened to be her son’s birthday.（作主语）

6．This is the very reason __that_ you all know. (作know的宾语)

V. as引导的定语从句，which指代一句话/一件事

1．the same/as/such/so…as(定语从句): 先行词前有“such/ so, the same/as ”修饰时，定语从句用“as”引导

比较：such /so…+名词＋as ( 定语从句, as起替代作用，从句结构不完整“象／如…的…”)

such /so…+名词＋that (状语从句，从句结构完整“如此…以致于…”)

Please lend me the same tool as was used the other day.

Mr. Wang is so good a teacher as all the students love and respect

Mr. Wang is such a good teacher that all the students love and respect him 2．as引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前后的整个句子，可置于句首、句中或句末。常出现在一些固定表达中。如：as we/all/you know, as is known to all, as we expected/planned, , as is mentioned/said above, as is reported/said, as is natural, as is often the case.有时可看作插入语。

as…: 位置灵活，可前可后；且含有“正如/正像…”的含义。

which…: 只能放于主句之后；含有“这…,这一点…”的含义。

1) Tom, ___as__ had been expected , got beaten in the game

2) They call him “Meat Ball”, ____which______ I think is not correct.

VI．the way ( in which/ that)…: the way作先行词时, 可用“in which” 或“that”, 且一般可省略。

如: The way in which/(that) they were treated hurt their feelings.

VII．定语从句的主谓一致

引导词在从句中做主语时，从句谓语动词应与先行词，即所修饰的名词或代词一致Those who break the law are to be punished.

But there are few modern families that _have no televisions.

比较：He is one of the students who __were_ late for school.

He is the only one of the students who __was___late for school.

VIII. 非限制性定语从句与并列句及其它修饰语的异同

若两个分句没有其它任何连接词，而由“，”相连接时，一般把后一个分句看作非限制性定语从句

(1) There is a supermarket near here, _where_ we can buy vegetables, fruit.(定语从句)

There are two thousand students in our school, two-thirds of _whom_ are girls.

There are ten books on the shelf, of which all are of great value.

(2) After an hour we got to the top of the mountain, and_ t here we had a picnic.(并列句)

He asked ten students to attend the party , but none of _them_ was from his class.

(3) The bridge, made of stones (=which was made of stones), is said to date back to the Tang Dynasty.

The weight-loss pills containing harmful chemicals(=which contain…._) may damage your liver.

IX. 注意定语从句与强调句型及其它从句的混用

1. It was in the hotel where they stayed(定语从句，修饰hotel) that the murder(谋杀) happened 2 years ago.

It was i n the hotel… that the murder happened 2 years ago. (强调句型)

2. He left the key where he had been an hour before. (地点状语从句，相当于in the place where)

This hotel is where we are to stay tonight.(表语从句，相当于the place where…)

X．间隔式定语从句: 一般说来，定语从句总是紧跟在先行词之后。但有时定语从句和先行项之间被其它修饰成分间隔开来，这种定语从句称为间隔式定语从句

1. The photo brought back the memory of an evening at Uncle Alien’s in Belleville ___ all of us were seated around the table and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper.

A. when

B. where

C. since

D. after

2．First, areas of land must be found where this rubbish can be put.

3．Finally another material is painted on to the stones which will protect them from water for ever.

二、有关强调句型的几个要点

I. 强调句型的基本结构：It is/was+被强调部分(词/词组/句子) + that/who +原句所剩部分

★:除强调人时，可用“who”外,其它情况都只能用“that”,原句所剩部分不变，特别是谓语动词不变

It was because he drove carelessly that he had the accident.

It is Tom and Peter who are responsible for the failure of the experiment.

★not…until句型的强调结构：It was not until…that….