神经解剖学英文课件-甲状腺解剖英文课件
神经解剖学英文课件-喉、气管和食道解剖英语课件
The General Arrangement of Neck & Its Transversal Compartments
▪ visceral compartment ▪ vascular
compartment ▪ vertebral
lig.
Laryngeal Ventricle
▪ the mucosa overlying vestibular & vocal ligaments become the vestibular & vocal folds
Rima裂 Vestibuli
Rima Glottidis
Laryngeal Joints
▪ recurrent laryngeal n. & cervical sympathetic trunks
CLINICAL NOTE
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Case
当John完成了第一次解剖学考试后，父亲决定带他去吃牛排以示庆祝。 在喝了一点酒后，他注意到父亲说话有些含糊不清，进食速度加快。过 了一会儿，他发现父亲脸色突然改变，然后突然倒在地板上。开始他怀 疑父亲可能是休克、心脏病或癫痫发作。但他还发现父亲脉搏很强，脸 色开始发青。这时他意识到可能是窒息。他将父亲的嘴张开，看到一大 块牛排卡在喉的后部。他将示指深入父亲口中，试图取出牛排，但未成 功。然后他将父亲翻到俯卧位，实施海姆利克操作法。
Innervation of the Larynx
▪ recurrent laryngeal n.: - motor: all intrinsic mm. except cricothyroid m. - sensory: the laryngeal cavity below the level of the vocal folds
神经解剖学英文课件-面部、头皮和腮腺英文课件
2) The facial vessels
(1) Facial artery
arises from external carotid a.;
runs upwards and forwards;
turns around the lower border of mandible crossing with anterior border of the masseter;
Parotid gland P.394
3) position and division: * It lies on the lateral side of the face
and anteroinferior to the external acoustic meatus
*posterior border of masseter *in the retromandibular fossa
5) Structures within the gland
(1) Longitudinal structures external carotid a. superficial temporal v.and a. retromandibular v. auriculotemporal n.
(2) Transverse maxillary a. and v. transverse facial a. and v. br. of the facial n. parotid duct
Anastomosis occurs between branches of the left and right facial aa..
(2) facial vein
begins at the angular v. at the medial angle of the eye;
中英文解剖结构
解剖结构（2014.10）1. 股前内侧区、小腿前外侧区psoas lliacus 髂腰肌sartorius缝匠肌quadriceps femoris 股四头肌rectus femoris 股直肌vastus medialis 股内侧肌vastus lateralis 股外侧肌vastus intermedius 股中间肌patellar ligament 髌韧带pectineus耻骨肌adductor Iongus 长收肌adductor brevis 短收肌adductor magnus 大收肌gracilis股薄肌great saphe nous v.大隐静脉2. 臀区、股后区、小腿后区gluteus maximus 臀大肌gluteus medius 臀中肌gluteus minimus 臀小肌piriformis 梨状肌obturator internus 闭孔内肌quadratus femoris 股方肌biceps femoris 股二头肌semite ndino sus 半腱肌semimembra no sus 半膜肌gastroc nemius 腓肠肌soleus比目鱼肌tendo calca neus 跟腱flexor digitorum Ion gus 趾长屈肌tendon of fllexor digitorum Ion gus 趾长屈肌腱tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌tendon of tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌腱flexor hallucis Iongus 丄母长屈肌3. 胸前区、腋区、臂前区、前臂前区胸前区、腋区pectoralis major 胸大肌pectoralis minor 胸小肌serratus anterior 前锯肌axillary a.腋动脉thoracoacromial a.胸肩峰动脉lateral thoracic a.胸外侧动脉subscapular a.肩胛下动脉throcodorsal a.胸背动脉circumflex scapular a. 旋肩胛动脉posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉axillary vein 腋静脉femoral a.股动脉deep femoral a.股深动脉femoral v.股静脉femoral n.股神经saphe nous n.隐神经obturator n.闭孔神经tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌extensor hallucis Iongus」母长伸肌extensor digitorum Iongus 趾长伸肌peron eus Ion gus 腓骨长肌peron eus brevis 腓骨短肌anterior tibial a.胫前动脉eeep peron eal n.腓深神经superficial peroneal n. 腓浅神经ten don of flexor hallucis Ion gus i 母长屈肌腱suprapiriform foramen 梨状肌上孑L in frapiriform forame n 梨状肌下孑L malleolar canal 踝管sciatic n.坐骨神经superior gluteal n.臀上神经in ferior gluteal n.臀下神经pudendal nerve 阴部神经tibial n.胫神经com mon peron eal n. 腓总神经superior gluteal blood vessels 臀上血管inferior gluteal blood vessels 臀下血管internal pudendal artery 阴部内动脉popliteal v.腘静脉popliteal a.腘动脉small saphe nous v.小隐静脉posterior tibial a. and v. 胫后动、静脉long thoracic n.胸长神经lateral cord of brachial plexus 臂丛外侧束musculocuta neous n.肌皮神经lateral root of median n.正中神经外侧根medial cord of brachial plexus 臂丛内侧束medial root of median n. 正中神经内侧根median n.正中神经ulnar n.尺神经posterior cord of brachial plexus 臂丛后束radial n.桡神经axillary n.腋神经thoracodorsal n.胸背神经臂前区cephalic v. 头静脉basilic v. 贵要静脉median cubital v. 肘正中静脉biceps brachii 肱二头肌coracobrachialis 喙肱肌brachialis 肱肌musculocutaneous n. 肌皮神经brachial a. 肱动脉profunda brachii a. 肱深动脉前臂前区brachioradialis 肱桡肌pronator teres 旋前圆肌4. 背部浅层、肩胛区、臂后区、前臂后区trapezius 斜方肌levator scapulae 肩胛提肌rhomboideus 菱形肌latissimus dorsi 背阔肌thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜deltoid 三角肌supraspinatus 冈上肌infraspinatus 冈下肌teres minor 小圆肌teres major 大圆肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌suprascapular a. 肩胛上动脉posterior humeral circumflex a. 旋肱后动脉deep brachial a. 肱深动脉accessory n. 副神经5. 头面部facial a. 面动脉facial v. 面静脉superficial temporal a. and v. 颞浅动、静脉branches of trigeminal n. 三叉神经的分支auriculotemporal n. 耳颞神经supratrochlear n. 滑车上神经supraorbital n. 眶上神经mental n. 颏神经parotid gland 腮腺parotid duct 腮腺导管branches of facial n. 面神经的分支temporal branches 颞支zygomatic branches 颧支buccal branches 颊支marginal mandibular branch 下颌缘支cervical branch颈支hypophyseal fossa 垂体窝flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌palmaris longus 掌长肌flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌pronator quadratus 旋前方肌ulnar n. 尺神经superficial branch of radial n. 桡神经浅支median n. 正中神经ulnar a. 尺动脉radial a. 桡动脉suprascapular n. 肩胛上神经axillary n. 腋神经radial n. 桡神经deep branch of the radial n. 桡神经深支extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌extensor digitorum 指伸肌extensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌supinator 旋后肌abductor pollicis longus 拇长展肌extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌extensor indicis 示指伸肌cavernous sinus 海绵窦transverse sinus 横窦sigmoid sinus 乙状窦superior sagittal sinus 上矢状窦cerebral falx 大脑镰tentorum of cerebellum 小脑幕cerebellar internal carotid artery 颈内动脉vertebral artery 椎动脉basilar artery 基底动脉cerebral arterial circle 大脑动脉环trigeminal ganglion 三叉神经节olfactory n. 嗅神经optic n. 视神经optic chiasma 视交叉occulmotor n. 动眼神经trochlear n. 滑车神经abduce nt n.展神经internal acoustic pore 内耳门facial n 面神经vestibulocochlear n 前庭蜗神经jugular foramen 颈静脉孔6. 颈部sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌sternohyoid胸骨舌骨肌sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌scalenus anterior 前斜角肌scalenus medius 中斜角肌scalenus posterior 后斜角肌common carotid a. 颈总动脉subclavian a. 右锁骨下动脉internal carotid a. 颈内动脉external carotid a. 颈外动脉superior thyroid a. 甲状腺上动脉subclavian a. 锁骨下动脉vertebral a. 椎动脉internal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉thyrocervical trunk 甲状颈干inferior thyroid a. 甲状腺下动脉external jugular vein 颈外静脉7. 胸部intercostales externi 肋间外肌intercostales interni 肋间内肌posterior intercostal a. 肋间后动脉intercostal n. 肋间神经internal thoracic a. 胸廓内动脉central tendon 中心腱aortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔vena cava foramen 腔静脉孔costodiaphragmatic recess 肋膈隐窝left brachiocephelic v. 左头臂静脉right brachiocephelic v.右头臂静脉superior vena cava 上腔静脉aortic arch 主动脉弓thoracic aorta 胸主动脉brachiocephalic trunk 头臂干left common carotid a. 左颈总动脉left subclavian a. 左锁骨下动脉left phrenic n. 左膈神经right phrenic nerves 右膈神经left vagus n. 左迷走神经right vagus n. 右迷走神经glossopharyngeal n 舌咽神经vagus n. 迷走神经accessory n. 副神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经left recurrent n. 左喉返神经arterial ligament 动脉韧带trachea 气管pericardium 心包esophagus 食管thoracic aorta 胸导管azygos veins 奇静脉thoracic sympathetic trunk 胸交感干greater splanchnic n. 内脏大神经lung 肺apex of lung 肺尖base of lung 肺底hilum of lung肺门root of lung 肺根cardiac notch 左肺心切迹lingual in left lung 左肺小舌oblique fissure of leftlung 左肺斜裂oblique fissure of right lung 右肺斜裂horizontal fissure of right lung 右肺水平裂superiorlobe of right lung 右肺上叶middle lobe of right lung 右肺中叶inferior lobe of right lung 右肺下叶superior lobe of left lung 左肺上叶inferior lobe of left lung 左肺下叶heart 心fossa ovalis （right atrium）卵圆窝supraventricular crest 室上嵴septomarginaltrabecula 隔缘肉柱papillary muscles 乳头肌chordae tendineae 腱索8. 腹部（1）腹前外侧壁obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌inguinal ligament 腹股沟韧带superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌transversus abdominis腹横肌inguinal falx 腹股沟镰rectus abdominis 腹直肌tendinous intersections 腱划anterior layer of sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘前层posterior layer of sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘后层arcuate line 弓状线inferior epigastric a. 腹壁下动脉iliohypogastric n. 髂腹下神经spermatic cord 精索（2）腹膜和腹膜腔lessor omentum 小网膜omental foramen 网膜孔greater omentum 大网膜gastrosplenic ligament 胃脾韧带mesentery 小肠系膜mesoappendix 阑尾系膜transverse mesocolon 横结肠系膜sigmoid mesocolon 乙状结肠系膜rectovesical pouch 膀胱直肠陷凹rectouterine pouch 直肠子宫陷凹vesicouterine pouch 膀胱子宫陷凹（3）结肠上区stomach 胃lesser curvature 胃小弯greater curvature 胃大弯angular incisure 角切迹cardiac incisure 贲门切迹cardiac part 胃贲门部fundus of stomach 胃底body of stomach 胃体pyloric part 胃幽门部tricuspid valve 三尖瓣internal jugular v. 颈内静脉subclavian v. 锁骨下静脉thoracic duct 胸导管right lymphatic duct 右淋巴导管lesser occipital n. 枕小神经great auricular n. 耳大神经transverse nerve of neck 颈横神经supraclavicular n. 锁骨上神经phrenic n. 膈神经ansa cervicalis 颈袢accesory n. 副神经vagus n. 迷走神经internal branch of superior laryngeal n. 喉上神经内支external branch of superior laryngeal n. 喉上神经外支recurrent laryngeal nerves 喉返神经hypoglossal n. 舌下神经cervical part of sympathetic trunk 颈交感干submandibular gland 下颌下腺thyroid gland 甲状腺mitral valve 二尖瓣left coronary artery 左冠状动脉anteriorinterventricular branch 前室间支right coronary artery 右冠状动脉posteror interventricular branch 后室间支valve of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉瓣aortic valve 主动脉瓣duodenum 十二指肠superior part of duodenum 十二指肠上部descending part of duodenum 十二指肠降部major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头horizontal part of duodenum 十二指肠水平部ascending part of duodenum 十二指肠升部liver 肝falciform lig. of liver 肝镰状韧带ligamentum teres hepatic 肝圆韧带porta hepatic 肝门notch for ligamentum teres hepatis 肝圆韧带切迹notch for gallbladder 胆囊切迹gallbladder 胆囊fundus of gallbladder 胆囊底body of gallbladder 胆囊体neck of gallbladder 胆囊颈cystic duct 胆囊管right and left hepatic ducts 左、右肝管common hepatic duct 肝总管common bile duct 胆总管spleen 脾splenic notch 脾切迹pan creas of pan creas 胰head of pan creas 胰头uncinate process 钩突n eck of pan creas 胰颈body of pan creas 胰体tail of pancreas 胰尾celiac trunk 腹腔干left gastric a. 胃左动脉common hepatic a. 肝总动脉proper hepatic a. 肝固有动脉right gastric a. 胃右动脉cystic a. 胆囊动脉gastroduodenal a. 胃十二指肠动脉right gastroepiploic a. 胃网膜右动脉splemic a. 脾动脉short gastric a. 胃短动脉inferior mesenteric a. 肠系膜下动脉 left colic a.左结肠动脉 sigmoid a.乙状结肠动脉 superior rectal a. 直肠上动脉 inferior mesenteric v. 肠系膜下静脉 （5 ）腹膜后隙 inferior vena cava 下腔静脉 ren al v .肾静脉 right suprarenal v.右肾上腺静脉 abdominal aorta 腹主动脉 renal a.肾动脉 kid ney 肾 renal cortex 肾皮质 renal columns 肾柱 renal medulla 肾髓质 renal pyramids 肾锥体 minor renal calices 肾小盏 major renal calices 肾大盏 renal pelvis 肾盂 abdominal part of ureter 输尿管腹部 epididymis 附睾 head of epididymis 附睾头 body of epididymis 附睾体 tail of epididymis 附睾尾 ovary 卵巢 suspensory ligament of ovary 卵巢悬韧带 proper ligament of ovary 卵巢固有韧带 uterine tubes 输卵管infun dibulum of uteri ne tube 输卵管漏斗 ampulla of uterine tube 输卵管壶腹 isthmus of uterine tube 输卵管峡 uterus 子宫 fundus of uterus 子宫底body of uterus 子宫体neck of uterus 子宫颈broad ligament of uterus 子宫阔韧带 round ligament of uterus 子宫圆韧带left gastrioeploic a.胃网膜左动脉hepatic portal v.肝门静脉 superiormesenteric v. 肠系膜上静脉 splenicv.脾静脉4）结肠下区colic bands 结肠带 haustra of colon结肠袋 epiploic appendices 肠脂垂cecum 盲肠 ileocecal valve 回盲瓣vermiform appe ndix 阑尾 ascendingcolon 升结肠 tran sverse colon 横结肠 descending colon 降结肠 sigmoidcolon 乙状结肠 superior mese nterica.肠系膜上动脉 jejunal and ileal a.空、回肠动脉 ileocolic a.回结肠动脉right colic a.右结肠动脉 middle colica.中结肠动脉9.盆部com mon iliac a.髂总动脉 com moniliac v.髂总静脉 internal iliac a.髂内动脉 internal iliac v.髂内静脉 externaliliac a.髂外动脉 external iliac v.髂外静脉 sacral plexus 骶丛 uterine a.子宫动脉 obturator n.闭孔神经pbturator a.闭孔动脉 rectum 直肠urinary bladder 膀胱 ureter 输尿管prostate 前列腺 seminal vesicle 精囊ductus defere ns 输精管 spermaticcord 精索 testis 睾丸。
神经解剖学英文课件-头骨解剖英文课件
Fractures of the Calvaria
incisive fossa greater & lesser palatine foramina
• Mandibular fossae • Occipital condyles • Jugular foramen • Carotid canal • Jugular foramen. • Stylomastoid foramen
Internal Aspect of Base of Skull
is formed by frontal bone anteriorly, ethmoid bone in middle, body & lesser wings of sphenoid posteriorly. Its greater part is formed by ridged orbital plates of frontal bone, which support frontal lobes of brain and form roofs of orbits.
foramen spinosum • sulcus for ICA
is formed largely by occipital bone. Broad grooves in this fossa are formed by transverse and sigmoid sinuses.
Posterior cranial fossa
Pterion
Infratemporal fossa
Posterior aspect of skull
External occipital protuberance Superior nuchal line
甲状腺疾病(英文版)ppt课件
patients
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Surgery
❖ A portion of the thyroid gland is removed, but a total thyroidectomy may be performed
(expensive, risks).
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When the Thyroid Doesn’t Work
Hyperthyroidism
• Too Much Thyroid Hormone
• Metabolism Speeds Up
Hypothyroidism
• Too Little Thyroid Hormone
• Metab可o编l辑is课m件PPSTlows Down
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Treatment
❖ Antithyroid drugs , radioactive iodine, or thyroidectomy (甲状腺切除术）.
❖ Individualized and depends on the age and general state of health ，the size of the goiter and the ability to obtain follow-up care.
❖ Artery:
❖ The arterial branches provide blood supply to other structures in the area. The interior thyroid artery provides branches to the pharynx, trachea and esophagus .
生理学英文课件 (甲状腺激素)Thyroid hormone
size with subsequent thyroid
goiter.
④
Iodides (Serum Concentrations)
Wolff-Chaikoff effect (Blocking effect)
Escape phenomenon
UCLA
Iodides in high concentration decrease the size and blood supply, which is distinct from the opposite effects caused by most of other antithyroid agents. Iodides are usually administrated for 2 to 3 weeks before removal of thyroid by surgery to decrease bleeding.
Iodide Pump: Pumping the iodide actively into the follicular epithelium. 2 Na+ along with 1 I is into
_
How could the cell trap the iodide?
co-transported the cell.
effects of thyroid hormone on the above systems would occur in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.
/thyroidbook.htm
Tyrosine
-- Provided by Thyroglobulin (TG)
甲状腺(英文版)
Байду номын сангаас
The Effects of the Thyroid Hormones
Carbohydrate metabolism: ↑ liver gluconeogenesis,
09 glycogenolysis, and intestinal absorption of glucose
酪氨酰
Proteolysis /,prəʊtɪ'ɒlɪsɪs/
蛋白质水解
exocytosis /,eksəʊsaɪ'təʊsɪs/ endocytosis
胞吐作用 胞吞作用
Phrase
cricoid cartilage
环状软骨
autonomic nervous system 自主神经系统
fibrous connective tissue
The thyroid gland
CONTENTS
Anatomy and Histology Thyroid Hormone Synthesis and Secretion
Thyroid Hormone Transport
The Molecular Actions of the Thyroid Hormones
• The follicular cells of the thyroid gland are specialized in their ability to synthesize the large hormonal precursor protein thyroglobulin (Tg), concentrate iodide intracellularly from the circulation, and express a receptor that binds thyroidstimulating hormone (thyrotropin, TSH), which promotes thyrocyte's growth and biosynthetic functions.
《甲状腺疾病的诊治》PPT课件【51页】
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单纯性甲状腺肿（Simple Goiter ）
诊断
1 病史：高原山区、缺碘 2 甲状腺肿 3 核素显像：大小不等功能不一的结节 4 B超：体积↑、结节（实质、囊性、混合性） 5 X线：胸骨后甲状腺肿，气管受压 6 细针穿刺（FNAC）
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单纯性甲状腺肿（Simple Goiter ）
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甲亢的外科治疗
术后并发症
3 喉上神经损伤
• 原发性～和继发性～；永久性～和一过性～ • 原因
– 处理上血管时未紧贴上极 – 集束结扎
• 临床表现：呛咳（内支损伤），音调低（外支损伤） • 处理：无特殊，6月后健侧代偿 • 预防：紧贴上极，分别结扎
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甲亢的外科治疗
继发性甲亢：自主功能
高功能腺瘤：自主功能
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甲亢的外科治疗
临床表现
1 甲状腺肿 2 高代谢症候群：烦躁易怒、怕热多汗、食欲亢
进消瘦、心率↑、脉压↑ 3 突眼
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甲亢的外科治疗
实验室检查
1 BMR测定：脉率＋ 脉压差－111 正常±10%， ＋20~30%轻度， ＋30~60%中度，
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甲状腺结节的患病率
1.尸体解剖：50.5% 2.人群普查可触及：3-6% 3.超声发现非触及：20-60% 4.甲状腺结节的恶性率：6%左右 5.随年龄增大而增加 6.男女比可达到1:4 7.超声>触诊
整理课件ppt
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甲状腺结节良恶性区分
良性可能性大 1.有桥本氏甲状腺炎、良性甲状腺结节或甲状腺肿的家族史 2.有甲亢或甲减的症状 3.痛性结节或质地柔软的结节
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Pyramid lobe is usually to left of median plane
Parathyroid glands
Parathyroid glands & thyroid gland
Thyroid –arteries
esophagus, external & recurrent laryngeal nerves ❖ Posteriorly: parathyroid gland
Thyroid ---capsules
false thyroid capsule True capsule
Thyroid –external feature
Thyroid –arteries
❖ Inferior thyroid artery : branch of the thyrocervical trunk, posterior to the carotid sheath to reach the posterior aspect of the gland.
Thyroid gland & Root of neck
Thyroid gland
Outline 1. Location & superficial feature 2. Blood supply 3. Venous drainage 4. nerves 5. Relationship of its vessels and arteries
Thyroid Ima Artery
Superior, middle, & inferior thyroid v.
❖ Veins of thyroid gland connect to form a plexus between its two s & finally are drained by three pairs of veins.
right & left lobes isthmus pyramidal lobe
Thyroid –external feature
Upper pole of its lobe extends upward to oblique line of thyroid cartilage
Lower one downward to level of 6th tracheal ring
Root of the neck
The area between the thorax and neck. It opens into the superior thoracic aperture. The jugular notch opposite posteriorly to disc between the T1 & T2
T2 vertebrae
What structures in the root of the neck
All structures going ❖ from the head to the thorax; ❖ from the thorax to the upper limb; ❖ from the neck to upper limb and through the superior thoracic aperture.
❖ There are two pairs of arteries supplying thyroid gland.
❖ Superior thyroid a. arises from ECA & reaches gland at its upper pole. On its way to gland, STA runs accompanied with external laryngeal nerve.
Logo
Skeleton of root of neck
❖ laterally by the first pair of ribs and their costal cartilages
❖ Anteriorly by manubrium ❖ Posteriorly by the body of T1 &
❖ ITA divides into several branches that pierce the false capsule, supply the inferior pole of the gland
❖ Before arrived to gland it runs across recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Location & relationship
Important Relationship of Thyroid Gland
Anteriorlly: infrahyoid muscles & SCM ❖ Posterolaterally: carotid sheath & its
contents ❖ Medially: larynx, trachea, pharynx
Structures in the root of the neck
viscera organs of digestive system and respiratory system: the trachea and esophagus are located in anterior median line . carotid sheath and structures located in this sheath . Brachial plexus and subclavian vessels phrenic nerve structures in triangle of the vertebral artery: vertebral a, thyrocervical trunk Sympathetic trunk of neck apex of lungs, cervical pleura and sibson fascia
❖ Superior & middle thyroid veins empty into IJV
❖ but inferior one into brachiocephalic vein.
Superior, middle, & inferior thyroid v.
Nerves & arteries