人教版中考英语宾语从句用法详解与专项练习(含答案)

宾语从句
用法详解
考试要求：
宾语从句在中考中是重点考查内容，主要考查知识包括宾语从句的引导词、宾语从句的语序及宾语从句时态对应及否定迁移等。

在复合句子中，作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

例如：I want to know whose book this is.
我想知道这是谁的书。

1. 宾语从句的引导词
宾语从句引导词有三种：1、that；2、whether/ if；3、特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等例如：He said that he could help me. 他说他能够帮助我。

Your mother asked if you could finish your work this week.
你妈妈问这个星期你能否完成工作。

Can you tell me when the sports meeting will begin？
你能告诉我运动会将在什么时候开始吗？
(1) 以that引导的宾语从句：
that引导的宾语从句一般都是由陈述句充当，引导词that没有实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，that可以省略，而且从句成分齐全，句意完整。

例如：Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗？
He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。

(2) 以whether或if引导的宾语从句：
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，变成从句后，语序由原来的倒装语序变成陈述语序。

whether和if意为“是否”。

例如：Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday.
请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。

I don’t care whether you like the story or not.
我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。

注意：
以下情况一般只用whether不用if。

(1) 接带to的动词不定式。

例如：She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo.
她不知道是不是去动物园。

(2)与or not连用时。

例如：I’m not sure whether or not he will come on time.
他能否准时来，我说不准。

(3) 特殊疑问词what/ when/ where/ who等引导的宾语从句：
此类宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，变成宾语从句后要用陈述语序，由wh-开头的疑问词引导。

包括who, whom, whose, what, which等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词，这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。

例如：Could you tell me which gate we have to go to?
请问我们得走哪个门？
He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here.
他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。

2. 宾语从句的语序
由whether/ if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句要用陈述语序，原来的倒装语序改成陈述语序时注意相应的助动词和动词的变化等。

例如：Where does your father work? Can you tell us? →
Can you tell us where your father works?
你能告诉我们你爸爸在哪里工作吗？
Did you get home very late? He asked me. →
He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。

3. 宾语从句的时态对应
(1) 如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句根据实际情况用各种时态。

例如：My teacher says he will be back in a week. （一般将来时）
我的老师说他将在一个星期后回来。

My teacher says he is watching TV. （现在进行时）
我的老师说他正在看电视。

My teacher says he has seen the movie. （现在完成时）
我的老师说他已经看过这部电影了。

(2）如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句用相应的过去时态。

例如：My father said he was watching TV at that time.（过去进行时）
我爸爸说在那个时候他在看电视。

My father said the he had already seen the movie. （过去完成时）
我爸爸说他已经看过那部电影了。

注意：如果宾语从句是表示客观真理和规律的句子时，用一般现在时。

例如：Our teacher told us the sun is much bigger than the earth. （一般现在时）我们的老师告诉我们太阳比地球大多了。

4. 宾语从句的否定转移
主句如果是I think/ believe/ imagine/ suppose/ guess/ expect等，从句的否定一般要转移到主句中，其反意疑问句与从句一致。

例如：I don’t think they’ll wait to the last minute，will they？
我认为他们不会等到最后一分钟，他们会吗？
I don’t believe he did this, did he?
我相信他不会做这样的事，他会吗？
专项练习
宾语从句引导词问题：
1.I need to put a cross on the map to show__________that famous hotel lies.
2.He sold out all his stamps at__________he thought was a good price．
3.Videophones will show us__________is happening at the other end of the line.
4.I never doubted__________you could succeed in setting a new world record.
5.Some college students are seen doing__________work they can find to support themselves.
6.It is difficult for us to imagine__________life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
7.Time can mean a lot of different things. That’s one way we know________important it is for us.
8.A yearbook is a tradition of high school life in US. The book includes the name, pictures and some information about students in the school, so that students can remember__________they went to school with.
9.She bought a toy to me as a present and told me about her college life. __________,something unexpected happened when I introduced her to my new friends. Her eyes grew dark and I could see the__________(sad)in them. My new friends tried to share their friendship, but Sally seemed unwilling(不愿意的)to accept it. I didn’t understand__________the people I loved most couldn’t love each other.
10.Many students don’t tell their parents just because they think they__________(grow)up already. It leads to some serious problems in some students’ study, and parents don't know __________ heir children are performing in school until they are told to drop out.
11.That doesn’t mean__________they no longer like each other and finally they will become friends again.
宾语从句语序问题:
一、单项选择
( )1．—Do you know ______ the Capital Museum?
— Next Friday.
A.when will they visit B．when they will visit C. when did they visit ( )2．He wanted to know _______ the English party.
A．when will we have B．when we will have C．when we should have ( )3．I want to know ________．
A．when we should arrive at the airport
B．when should we arrive at the airport
C．when the airport should we arrive at
( )4．—David, look at the man in white over there. Can you tell me ______?
—He is a doctor.
A．who he is B．what is he C．what he is
( )5. I don’t know when _____.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. the train leave
( )6. Do you know what _____ with Jim?
A.is wrong
B. wrong is
C. wrong was
二、补充句子
1.How can we start a conversation with a foreigner when we go abroad?
Could you tell me____________________________________________________________？
2. Did Bruce Lee win the respect of the whole world？
Could you tell me____________________________________________________________？
3. Which one do you like better,Jay Chow or Lu Han？
Could you tell me____________________________________________________________？
4. Who do you want to make friends with？
I wonder___________________________________________________________________？
5. How can I get to Wanda Shopping Mall?
Could you tell me____________________________________________________________？
6. Do you prefer this pair of Nike shoes or that pair of Adidas shoes?
Could you tell me____________________________________________________________？
7. How many times have you been to the Orange Isle?
Could you tell me____________________________________________________________？
8. What does the criminal look like?
The police woman asked the woman_____________________________________________？
9.What is the matter with your forehead?
My classmate asked me________________________________________________________？
宾语从句时态问题:
1.---What did the teacher say to you?
---He asked me if I__________(prepare)my exams well.
2.---What did Tom say to you just now, John?
---He asked me whether I__________(go)to the movies with him tonight or not.
3.---I’d like to know what she__________(prepare)for the picnic already.
---I’m not sure. Maybe she has bought some drinks and snacks.
4.Rose is wondering what Matt__________(do)at this time yesterday.
5.---Let’s go climbing if it__________(be)fine this Saturday.
---Good idea. But nobody knows if it__________(rain).
6.---Are babies carefree(无忧无虑)?
---A new study says that babies care about how others__________(see)them.
7.Could you tell me what the weather__________(be)tomorrow?
8.We know that Li Hua__________(study)hard these years in order to pass the coming exam.
9.---Do you know when Dongying High-speed Train Station__________(build)?
---Maybe next year.
10.Dad, could you please tell me when my mum__________(come)back? I miss her very much.
11. The lady asks me how long I__________(live)in Changsha before she came here?
12.I really want to watch the Avatar II《阿凡达II》. Could you tell me when it__________
(be)on show?
13. Nobody knows when she__________(finish)her Journey. It might be longer than expected.
14. ---What did Lily say to you just now,Emma?
---She wanted to know why I__________(be)late for class this morning.
15.Our English teacher asked me if I__________(finish)my homework.
宾语从句翻译综合训练:
1.这意味着某人在说话或写作时不考虑其听众或读者。

______________________________________________________________________________ 2.一项研究发现,一周吃五顿或五顿以上家庭餐的女孩与食物的关系更健康。

______________________________________________________________________________ 3.我想知道你是否读完了我借给你的那本书,所以今天早上我给你打电话了。

______________________________________________________________________________ 4.科技正在迅速发展,因此很难预测 20 年后世界将是什么样子。

______________________________________________________________________________ 5.这个令人震惊的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么可怕的问题。

______________________________________________________________________________ 6.曹华曾经告诉他的朋友们回到家乡他是多么的高兴。

______________________________________________________________________________ 7.我认为你今天早上送的这些玫瑰花完全不能改变我对你的看法。

______________________________________________________________________________ 8.我们坚信,一个能让人民幸福地生活和工作的更加美好的社会将会建成。

______________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
宾语从句引导词问题：
1.where
2.what
3.what
4.that
5.whatever
6.what
7.how8.who9.However;sadness;why
10.have grown11.that
宾语从句语序问题:
一、单项选择
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.C
5.B
6.A
二、补充句子
1.how we can we start a conversation with a foreigner when we go abroad?
2.if/whether Bruce Lee won the respect of the whole world？
3.which one you like better,Jay Chow or Lu Han？
4.who you want to make friends with？
5.how I can get to Wanda Shopping Mall?.
6.if/whether you prefer this pair of Nike shoes or that pair of Adidas shoes?
7.how many times you have been to the Orange Isle?
8.what the criminal looks like?
9.what was the matter with your forehead?
宾语从句问题时态:
1.had prepared
2.would go
3. has prepared
4.was doing
5.is/will rain
6.see
7.would be8.has been studying9.will be built
10.will come11.had lived12.will be
13.will finish14.was15.had finished
宾语从句翻译综合训练:
1.It means someone speaks or writes without considering his listeners or readers.
2.A study found that girls who ate five or more family meals a week had a much healthier relationship with food
3.I wondered if/whether you had finished reading the book that I lent to you, so I called you this morning.
4.Science and technology is developing rapidly so it’s hard to predict what the world will look like in 20 years.
5.The shocking news mad me realize what terrible problems we would face.
6.Cao Hua once told his friends how happy he was to be back to his hometown.
7.I don't think the roses you sent this morning can completely change my opinion of you.
8.We believe(that)a better society where people can live and work happily will be built.。