翻译课件7

2) Original clause order retained A. Antecedent repeated (2) All living things are driven by the basic need by which they stay alive and reproduce so that the species will continue. 一切生物都为这种基本需要所驱使 (or 这种基本需要是一切生物行为的动因) 这种基本需要是一切生物行为的动因)，生 物因此 物因此 / 其而生存并繁殖使种族得以延续。 而生存并繁殖使种族得以延续。
For exercise: (5) His article which I have just read is very instructive and enlightening. (6) But there are still people who have failed to memorize the lesson of the past.
Relative clause: a unique feature clause: of sentence making in English.
Relative clauses cover: attributive semisemi-adverbial connective recursive
7.2 Translation Methods
(15) Premier Zhou who was busy all day long (15) never knew what fatigue was. (16) Representatives were sent who should (16) elucidate the households’ position on the households’ matter of building demolition.
Translation Theory & Practice 1
Course No. 1400141
Lecture Seven Commonly Used Translation Methods (4): Translation of Relative Clauses
Lecturer:
7.1 Concepts:
(10) In addition to visible trade, which involves the importing and exporting of tangible goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations.
What was discussed today?
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
Assignments
Exercise A (for oral presentation); Exercise B (for written work); SelfSelf-learning: Unit 13-14. 13-
Translation Theory & Practice 1
Course No. 1400141
Thank You And Goodbye!
7.2.6 Recursive relative clause
(24) A bee stings a bull who frightens a cow who (24) kicks the farmer’s wife who yells at the farmer farmer’ who hits the mule who scares the goat who butts the dog who chases the goose who bites the cat who jumped after the bird who dives for the bee who goes buzz, buzz, buzz, buzz toward the bull who has just regained his composure. composure.
7.2.3 Semi-adverbial relative clauses Semi(12) To pass the college entrance examination, he resorted unscrupulously to cheating, which forfeited his future. (13) For further particulars you’d better apply to my (13) you’ brother, who has paid particular attention to the subject. (14) The people’s war in Russia, which inflicted heavy (14) people’ losses on Napoleon’s army, incensed the conqueror, who Napoleon’ had never met that kind of opposition anywhere in Europe.
B. Antecedent omitted (4) She was perfect: pink skin, large blue eyes, and long golden hair that fell over her shoulders to her waist. 她长得极其标致：白里透红的肤色， 蓝澄澄的大眼睛，长长的金发，从肩头一 蓝澄澄的大眼睛，长长的金发，从肩头一 直垂到腰际。
3) Readjustment of the original structure (11) It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. 他停下脚步，转过身来，定睛一看，原来 他停下脚步，转过身来，定睛一看，原来 是位年迈的妇人，身材修长，虽然岁月的折磨 使她显得有些憔悴，但依然风韵犹存。
7.2.5 As-relative clauses and other cases As(19) To write a dull book, as any poor writer could do, was unworthy of him. him. (20) He was a simple-mannered man, as the (20) simplelargelarge-hearted and large-minded men are apt to be. largebe. (21) He thinks her answer incorrect, as it probably is. (22) That evening we drank more beer than had (22 been our custom. custom. (23) There is no one of us but wants to go. (23) go.
(3) For exercise: The Iraq authorities try in vain to turn a deaf ear to the UN economic sanction which would eventually produce enormous impact on the former’ former’s politics and economy.
(8) For exercise: Stacy was now thirteen years old, which is a critical age for all young ladies to handle.
2) Post-positioned front positioned Post(9) The controversy pits religious conservatives and abortion opponents, who regard embryos as nascent opponents, human life, against patients’ groups, scientists, and the patients’ biotechnology industry. 这一争论使认为胚胎是人的新生生命的宗教保 这一争论使认为胚胎是人的新生生命的宗教保 守派和堕胎反对派与患者群体、科学家和生物技术 行业对立起来。 [or: 这一争论已经形成对立的两大阵营：一方是认 这一争论已经形成对立的两大阵营：一方是认 为胚胎是人的新生生命的宗教保守派和堕胎反对派， 为胚胎是人的新生生命的宗教保守派和堕胎反对派， 另一方是患者群体、科学家和生物技术行业。] 另一方是患者群体、科学家和生物技术行业。]
7.2.2 Non7.2.2 Non-restrictive attributive clauses:
1) Rendered into independent clause or sentence
(7) We are persevering steadfastly and in good heart in the cause of European freedom and fair dealing for the common people of all countries, for which, with you, we drew the sword. (Unit 16: P. 133) 在争取欧洲的自由，争取各国平民都能受到公正 争取欧洲的自由，争取 争取各国平民都能受到公正 对待的事业中，我们正抖擞精神、不屈不挠地坚持 对待的事业中，我们正抖擞精神、不屈不挠地坚持 斗争。为了这个事业，我们曾与你们一道拿起武器 斗争。为了这个事业，我们曾与你们一道拿起武器 并肩作战。 并肩作战。
7.2.1 Restrictive attributive clause
1) Post-positioned Post-
frontfront-positioned
(1) Those virtues which characterize the young English gentlewoman, those accomplishments gentlewoman, which become her birth and station, will not be station, found wanting in the amiable Miss. Sedley. (M. Thackery: Vanity Fair) Fair) 英国年轻淑女们所特有的那些品德，与 英国年轻淑女们所特有的那些品德，与 其出身与地位相匹配的那些造诣， 其出身与地位相匹配的那些造诣，在和蔼可 亲的塞得丽小姐身上无不一一具备。
7.2.4 Connective relative clauses
(17) Before liberation, the city was a typical (17) consumer one, which has now taken on a completely new look. look. (18) Twenty years ago I used to see in the spring a dozen or more bald eagles along the river, where I now see only one or two, or none at all.