医学英语写作与翻译-引言写作
医学英语写作与翻译
第三部分医学英语的写作任务一标题的写作（Title）●标题的结构1. 名词+介词Blindness（视觉缺失）after Treatment for Malignant Hypertension2. 名词+分词Unilateral Neurogenic Pruritus Following Stroke中风后单侧神经性瘙痒3. 名词+不定式Suggestion to Abolish Icterus Index Determination（黄疸指数测定）where Quantitative Bilirubin Assay（胆红素定量）is Available建议能做胆红素定量的化验室不再做黄疸指数测定4. 名词+同位语Gentamicine, a Selelctive Agent for the isolation of Betahemolytic Streptocc ociβ-溶血性链球菌庆大霉素是分离β-溶血性链球菌的选择性药物5. 名词+从句Evidence that the V-sis Gene Product Transforms by Interaction with the Receptor for Platelet-derived Growth Factor血小板源性生长因子.V-sis 基因产物由血小板生成因子受体相互作用而转化的依据6. 动名词短语Preventing Stroke in patients with Atrial Fibrillation心房纤维性颤动心旁纤颤患者中风预防Detecting Acute Myocardial Infarction（急性心肌梗死）by Radio-immunoassay for Creative Kinase（酐激酶）用放射免疫法测定酐激酶诊断急性心肌梗死7. 介词短语On Controlling Rectal Cancer8. 陈述句Dietary Cholesterol is Co-carcinogenic协同致癌因素for Human Colon Cancer9. 疑问句Home or Hospital BirthsIs Treatment of Borderline Hypertension Good or Bad?●注意副标题的作用1．数目：Endoluminal Stent-graft 带支架腔内搭桥for Aortic Aneurysms动脉瘤: A report of 6 cases带支架腔内搭桥治疗动脉瘤的六例报告2．重点：Aorto-arteritis 大动脉炎Chest X-ray Appearance and Its Clinical Significance大动脉炎胸部X线表现及临床意义3．方法：Gallstone Ileus（胆结石梗阻）: A Retrospective Study4．作用：Carcinoembryonic Antigen in Breast-cancer Tissue: A useful prognostic indictor乳腺癌组织中癌胚抗原——一种有用的预后指示5．疑问：Unresolved—Do drinkers have less coronary heart disease?6．连载顺序：Physical and Chemical Studies of Human Blood Serum: II. A study of miscellaneous Disease conditions人类血清的理论研究：II. 多种病例的研究7．时间：A Collaborative 综合Study of Burn Nursing in China: 1995-1999常见标题句式举例1. 讨论型：Discussion of/ on; An approach to; A probe into; Investigation of; Evaluation of / on汉语中的“初步体会”、“试论”、“浅析”之类的谦辞可以不译。
医学英文作文翻译
医学英文作文翻译As a medical professional, it is important to stay updated on the latest research and developments in the field. This can be achieved through attending conferences, reading medical journals, and participating in continuing education courses.One of the most rewarding aspects of working in the medical field is the opportunity to make a positive impact on the lives of patients. Whether it's providing a diagnosis, offering treatment options, or simply lending a compassionate ear, the ability to help others is truly fulfilling.In the fast-paced environment of a hospital or clinic, effective communication is key. Whether it's relaying important information to colleagues, explaining treatment plans to patients, or providing support to family members, clear and empathetic communication is essential in providing quality care.Medical professionals often face challenging and complex cases that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Being able to quickly assess a situation, consider various options, and make informed decisions is a crucial aspect of the job.The field of medicine is constantly evolving, with new technologies and treatments emerging regularly. Embracing innovation and staying open to new approaches is essential for providing the best possible care to patients.In addition to treating patients, medical professionals also play a role in educating the public about important health issues. Whether it's promoting preventative care, raising awareness about specific diseases, or advocatingfor healthy lifestyle choices, there is a significant educational component to the work of a medical professional.。
万能医学英语作文模板及翻译
万能医学英语作文模板及翻译英文回答：Universal Medical English Composition Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a hook to capture the reader's attention. Provide background information on the topic.State the purpose of the composition.Body Paragraphs。
Organize your content into logical paragraphs.Each paragraph should focus on one main idea.Support your claims with evidence from research, casestudies, or personal experience.Use clear and concise language.Transition smoothly between paragraphs.Conclusion。
Summarize the main points of the composition.Reiterate the purpose of the writing.End with a strong closing statement.Example Outline。
Introduction。
Hook: Imagine a world where medical professionals from every corner of the globe could communicate seamlessly, sharing knowledge and advancements without language barriers.Background: The importance of effective communicationin healthcare.Purpose: To propose a universal medical English composition template as a solution to language barriers in medicine.Body Paragraph 1: Benefits of a Universal Template。
医学英文作文翻译
医学英文作文翻译英文：As a medical professional, I believe that effective communication with patients is crucial for providingquality care. It is important to not only explain medical conditions and treatment options in a clear and concise manner, but also to actively listen to patients' concerns and questions.One way to improve communication with patients is to use plain language. Medical jargon can be confusing and intimidating for patients, so it is important to use language that is easily understood. For example, instead of using the term "hypertension," I might say "high blood pressure."Another important aspect of communication is nonverbal cues. As a physician, I try to maintain good eye contact with my patients and use body language to convey empathyand understanding. This helps to build trust and rapportwith patients, which is essential for effective communication.Finally, I believe that active listening is key to effective communication. This means giving patients my full attention, asking open-ended questions, and acknowledging their concerns. By doing so, I can better understand their needs and provide tailored care.中文：作为一名医疗专业人士，我认为与患者有效沟通对于提供优质护理至关重要。
医学类英语作文模板及范文
医学类英语作文模板及范文Medical English Essay Template and Sample。
Title: The Importance of Vaccination in Public Health。
Introduction。
Definition of vaccination。
Importance of vaccination in preventing diseases。
Thesis statement: Vaccination plays a crucial role in public health by preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting the population from serious illnesses.Body Paragraph 1: The History of Vaccination。
Brief overview of the history of vaccination。
Edward Jenner and the smallpox vaccine。
Milestones in the development of vaccines for various diseases。
Body Paragraph 2: How Vaccines Work。
Explanation of how vaccines stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies。
Types of vaccines: live attenuated, inactivated, subunit, and conjugate vaccines。
The concept of herd immunity and its importance in protecting vulnerable populations。
医学英语作文及翻译
医学英语作文及翻译英文回答：IntroductionIn the realm of healthcare, language plays a pivotal role, transcending the boundaries of nations and cultures. Medical English, a specialized form of English tailored specifically for the medical profession, has emerged as an indispensable tool for effective communication and knowledge dissemination within the global healthcare community. As healthcare professionals navigate the complexities of patient care and medical research, a mastery of Medical English is paramount to ensuring seamless collaboration, accurate diagnosis, and optimal patient outcomes.History and Evolution of Medical EnglishThe genesis of Medical English can be traced back to the early days of medical practice when Latin was the linguafranca of medicine. However, with the advent of scientific advancements and the proliferation of medical knowledge, Latin gradually gave way to English as the preferred language of medical discourse. Over time, Medical English evolved into a distinct dialect, incorporating specialized terminology, jargon, and abbreviations specific to the medical field.Importance of Medical EnglishThe significance of Medical English cannot be overstated. It facilitates communication among healthcare professionals from diverse linguistic backgrounds, fostering effective collaboration and knowledge exchange. Medical records, research papers, and patient education materials written in Medical English ensure clarity and accuracy in the dissemination of medical information. Moreover, a solid foundation in Medical English is essential for healthcare professionals to stay abreast of the latest medical advancements and guidelines.Challenges of Medical EnglishDespite its importance, Medical English presents certain challenges to learners. The specialized vocabulary, complex sentence structures, and abundance of acronyms can be daunting for non-native speakers. Additionally, cultural nuances and variations in medical terminology across different countries can further complicate communication. To overcome these challenges, dedicated study, immersion in medical settings, and continuous practice are crucial.ConclusionMedical English serves as the bedrock of global healthcare communication, enabling the sharing of medical knowledge and the provision of optimal patient care. As healthcare professionals strive to provide the highest quality of care to their patients, a mastery of Medical English is an indispensable asset. By embracing the challenges and dedicating themselves to continuous learning, healthcare professionals can unlock the full potential of Medical English and contribute to the advancement of global healthcare.中文回答：引言在医疗保健领域，语言发挥着至关重要的作用，超越了国家和文化的界限。
医学作文英文翻译
医学作文英文翻译英文：As a medical professional, I believe that one of the most important aspects of healthcare is communication. Effective communication between healthcare providers and patients can lead to better outcomes and improved patient satisfaction.One way to improve communication is to use plain language. Medical jargon can be confusing and intimidating for patients, so it’s important to use language that they can understand. For example, instead of saying “myocardial infarction,” we can say “heart attack.”。
Another important aspect of communication is active listening. This means listening to the patient without interrupting, and asking open-ended questions to better understand their concerns. For example, instead of asking “Do you have any pain?” we can ask “Can you tell me moreabout how you’re feeling?”。
医学英文作文模板
医学英文作文模板1. In my opinion, one of the most important aspects of medicine is the ability to provide compassionate care to patients. This means treating each patient as an individual and understanding their unique needs and concerns. It also involves taking the time to listen to their stories and experiences, and showing empathy and understanding. Compassionate care is not just about treating the physical symptoms of a disease, but also about addressing the emotional and psychological aspects of a patient's well-being.2. Another important aspect of medicine is the continuous pursuit of knowledge and the commitment tostaying up-to-date with the latest research and advancements in the field. Medicine is constantly evolving, and it is crucial for healthcare professionals to keep learning and growing in order to provide the best possible care to their patients. This involves attending conferences, reading medical journals, and participating in continuingeducation programs. By staying informed and knowledgeable, healthcare professionals can make informed decisions and provide evidence-based care.3. Effective communication is also a key component of medicine. It is important for healthcare professionals to be able to communicate clearly and effectively with their patients, as well as with other members of the healthcare team. This includes explaining medical conditions and treatment options in a way that patients can understand, and actively listening to their concerns and questions. Good communication skills also help to build trust and rapport with patients, which is essential for a successful doctor-patient relationship.4. The ability to work well in a team is another important skill in medicine. Healthcare is a collaborative field, and healthcare professionals often work together in multidisciplinary teams to provide comprehensive care to patients. This requires effective teamwork and communication, as well as the ability to collaborate and coordinate care with other healthcare professionals. Byworking together, healthcare professionals can ensure that patients receive the best possible care and achieve the best outcomes.5. Finally, resilience and adaptability are crucial qualities in medicine. Healthcare professionals often face challenges and setbacks, and it is important to be able to bounce back and continue providing care in the face of adversity. This includes being able to adapt to new situations and changes, and being flexible in one's approach to patient care. Resilience also involves self-care and taking care of one's own physical and emotional well-being, in order to prevent burnout and maintain a high level of performance.Overall, medicine is a complex and multifaceted field that requires a combination of skills and qualities. From providing compassionate care to staying up-to-date with the latest research, effective communication, teamwork, and resilience, healthcare professionals must possess a diverse range of abilities in order to provide the best possible care to their patients.。
介绍医学英语的作文带翻译
介绍医学英语的作文带翻译Title: Exploring the Importance of Medical English in Global Healthcare。
Medical English plays a pivotal role in facilitating effective communication within the healthcare sector, transcending geographical boundaries and cultural differences. Its significance cannot be overstated, as it serves as a bridge connecting healthcare professionals worldwide, enabling them to exchange vital information, collaborate on research, and provide optimal care to patients. In this essay, we delve into the multifaceted aspects of medical English and its indispensable role in contemporary healthcare practices.首先，让我们探讨医学英语在世界范围内的重要性。
随着全球化的加深，医学英语成为跨越语言和文化差异的纽带，使得医疗专业人士能够有效地交流和合作。
不同国家和地区的医生、护士和研究人员需要使用共同的语言来沟通，并且医学英语恰恰提供了这样的桥梁。
Medical English encompasses a wide array of specialized terminology, encompassing anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and various medical procedures. Mastery of this terminology is essential for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and documentation of patient care. Whether it's interpreting medical journals, participating in international conferences, or collaborating with colleagues from diverse backgrounds, proficiency in medical English empowers healthcare professionals to stay abreast of the latest advancements in their field and deliver high-quality careto patients.此外，医学英语对于医疗文献的理解和创作也至关重要。
医学英语作文格式模板范文
医学英语作文格式模板范文英文回答：Medical English Writing Template。
I. Introduction。
Begin with a brief introduction to the topic or case study.State the purpose or objective of the writing.II. History of Present Illness。
Describe the patient's current symptoms, including onset, duration, progression, and severity.Include any relevant medical history, such as previous diagnoses or treatments.III. Physical Examination。
Describe the patient's vital signs, general appearance, and relevant physical findings.Use specific medical terminology and measurements.IV. Investigations。
List and interpret laboratory tests, imaging studies,or other diagnostic procedures.Explain how the results relate to the patient's condition.V. Differential Diagnosis。
Consider potential diagnoses based on the history, examination, and investigations.Rule out less likely diagnoses or conditions.VI. Management Plan。
医学万能模板作文英语
医学万能模板作文英语Medical Omnipotence Template Essay。
Introduction。
In the realm of human endeavors, the pursuit of health and well-being occupies a paramount position. As such, medicine, the discipline dedicated to healing and preventing disease, has assumed a pivotal role in our societies. Throughout history, medical knowledge and technology have advanced at an unprecedented pace, leading to remarkable advancements in the diagnosis, treatment, and cure of ailments that once plagued humanity. However, the question of whether medicine has achieved a state of omnipotence, possessing the ability to conquer all diseases and ensure the perpetual health of individuals, remains a subject of ongoing debate.Arguments in Favor of Medical Omnipotence。
Proponents of the notion of medical omnipotence point to the undeniable progress made in the field over the past century. The development of vaccines, antibiotics, and other pharmaceuticals has brought under control or eradicated numerous infectious diseases that were once rampant and deadly. Advances in surgical techniques and medical devices have made it possible to repair damaged tissues and restore functionality to organs that were once considered inoperable. Moreover, the advent of genetic engineering and gene therapy holds the promise of curing genetic disorders and preventing diseases at the molecular level.Arguments Against Medical Omnipotence。
医学类作文英文议论文
医学类作文英文议论文英文：As a medical student, I believe that the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) should be integratedinto modern medical practices. TCM has been used in Chinafor thousands of years and has proven to be effective in treating a wide range of illnesses and conditions. In fact, many TCM practices, such as acupuncture and herbal medicine, have gained popularity in Western countries in recent years.One of the main benefits of integrating TCM into modern medicine is the potential for providing more holistic and personalized care to patients. TCM focuses on treating the root cause of an illness rather than just the symptoms, and it takes into account the patient's overall well-being, including their mental, emotional, and spiritual health. This approach aligns with the growing trend in modern medicine towards personalized and patient-centered care.Furthermore, TCM offers alternative treatment options for patients who may not respond well to conventional Western medicine. For example, acupuncture has been shown to be effective in managing chronic pain, and herbal remedies have been used to alleviate symptoms of conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and menopausal symptoms.In addition, by integrating TCM into modern medical practices, we can also benefit from the wealth of knowledge and experience that TCM practitioners have accumulated over thousands of years. TCM encompasses a wide range of practices, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, massage, and dietary therapy, and each of these practices has its own unique set of principles and techniques that can complement and enhance modern medical treatments.Overall, I believe that integrating TCM into modern medical practices can lead to better patient outcomes and a more comprehensive approach to healthcare. By embracing the strengths of both TCM and modern medicine, we can provide patients with a wider range of treatment options and ultimately improve the quality of care that we deliver.中文：作为一名医学生，我相信传统中医药应该被整合到现代医学实践中。
医学英语写作与翻译-引言写作
引言的内容与写作
③ The denervated donor heart has altered physiologic responses to exercise that can impair exercise tolerance. 3,5 ④The question of whether the transplanted hear can tolerate the physiologic stress of exercise training after transplantation, coupled with the possibility that exercise might precipitate acute rejection of the transplant, may underlie the historical reluctance to prescribe exercise training after transplantation. ⑤However, the denervated heart has been shown to respond appropriately to exercise. 57 ⑥ Moreover, several nonrandomized studies have suggested that exercise training increases the capacity for physical work after heart transplantation.8-10
① present the nature and scope of the present study (in the present tense)
To be continued
介绍医学英语的作文带翻译
介绍医学英语的作文带翻译Introduction to Medical English。
Medical English is a specialized field of study that involves the use of English language in the medical profession. Medical professionals such as doctors, nurses, and researchers need to be proficient in medical English to communicate effectively with their colleagues and patients from around the world. In this article, we will explore the importance of medical English and how it is used in the healthcare industry.Importance of Medical English。
Medical English is essential for healthcare professionals who work in an international setting. It enables them to communicate with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare professionals from different parts of the world. Medical English is also important for researchers who need to publish their findings in internationaljournals. Without a good command of medical English, it would be difficult for them to communicate their research findings to a wider audience.Medical English is also important for patients who need to understand their medical conditions and treatment options. They need to be able to communicate with their doctors and nurses in a language they understand to ensure that they receive the best possible care. Medical Englishis also important for medical interpreters who need to translate medical information accurately and effectively.How Medical English is Used in the Healthcare Industry。
医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译
医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译【摘要】Medical research papers are an essential part of the academic world, and writing abstracts in English can be a challenging task for many researchers. This article covers the key points to consider when writing a medical research paper abstract, including the necessary structural elements and tips for translating complex sentences. Common translation techniques for complex sentences are also discussed, along with case studies to illustrate these techniques. The importance of writing a clear and concise medical research paper abstract is emphasized in the conclusion, along with suggestions for improving translation skills and future research directions. This article serves as a guide for researchers looking to enhance their abstract writing and translation abilities in the field of medicine.【关键词】医学论文英语摘要、写作、注意事项、结构要素、翻译、难句、技巧、案例分析、重要性、提高、建议、未来研究方向1. 引言1.1 医学论文英语摘要的写作及难句翻译Introduction:Writing an abstract for a medical paper in English can be a challenging task for many researchers and authors. This is because the abstract plays a crucial role in communicating the key findings and implications of a study to a wide audience, including scientists, clinicians, and policymakers. In addition, translating complex medical concepts and technical terms into English can sometimes pose difficulties, especially for non-native English speakers. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to both the content and language of the abstract to ensure that it effectively conveys the significance of the research.2. 正文2.1 写作医学论文英语摘要的注意事项Another important aspect to consider is the language and writing style of the abstract. It should be clear, concise, and free of jargon or technical terms that may be difficult for non-experts to understand. The abstract should also be written in a formal tone and follow the appropriate format and structure for a scientific paper.2.2 医学论文英语摘要的结构要素The structure of a medical paper abstract is crucial in conveying the key points of the research effectively. Awell-structured abstract should typically include the following elements:2.3 如何翻译医学论文英语摘要中的难句When translating difficult sentences in medical paper abstracts, it is important to first understand the meaning of the original sentence. Here are some tips on how to effectively translate complex sentences in medical paper abstracts:2.4 常见难句翻译技巧Common Techniques for Translating Difficult Sentences in Medical Research Paper AbstractsTranslating medical research paper abstracts can be challenging, especially when dealing with complex or technical language. Here are some common techniques to help you tackle difficult sentences in a medical context:2.5 案例分析Case Study:In order to better illustrate the process of translating difficult sentences in medical research abstracts, we will analyze a specificexample taken from a recent study on the efficacy of a new drug for treating cardiovascular disease.Translation: 该研究进行了一项随机临床试验，评估了这种药物对重症冠状动脉疾病患者群体的影响，采用了双盲方法和安慰剂对照设计。
介绍医学英语的作文带翻译
介绍医学英语的作文带翻译Title: Introduction to Medical English。
医学英语简介。
Medical English plays a crucial role in the field of healthcare, serving as a bridge of communication between healthcare professionals and patients, as well as among professionals themselves. In this essay, we will delve into the significance of medical English, its common terminology, and its impact on healthcare delivery.医学英语在医疗保健领域发挥着至关重要的作用，它是医护人员与患者之间以及医护人员之间沟通的桥梁。
在本文中，我们将深入探讨医学英语的重要性、常见术语以及对医疗保健服务的影响。
Firstly, let's address the importance of medical English. In a globalized world where medical professionals often come from diverse linguistic backgrounds, a standardized language becomes imperative for effectivecommunication. Medical English facilitates accurate transmission of crucial information, such as diagnosis, treatment plans, and medication instructions, thereby ensuring patient safety and optimal healthcare outcomes.首先，让我们来谈谈医学英语的重要性。
撰写医学英文格式及方法
撰写医学英文格式及方法医学英语是医学期刊的常见的文体.根据TheＬａncet和Honｇ Kｏｎg Ｍediｃａl Jouｒnａl上所登载的以及国外其它期刊所刊登的文章来分析,大体包括以下几个方面内容：标题、摘要、引言、方法、结果、讨论、致谢、.英语标题和摘要的写作格式在本刊2021年第4期上已经论述.现就的引言、方法、结果、讨论、致谢和做一详细论述,以飨读者。
XX1引言(Iｎtroｄｕctioｎ)XX引言即是的开场白。
在的引言中，主要介绍研究的背景和理由，具体说明研究的内容、目的、特点和意义。
的背景和理由主要指研究主题的历史,现状,进展以及仍然存在的问题。
引言可以对前人研究的结果，文献摘用进行评述，并且叙述着手研究的原因及研究的新等.XX该部分内容在时态上常运用一般过去时,一般现在时及现在完成时。
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医学英语英文作文
医学英语英文作文As a medical professional, it is crucial to stay updated on the latest research and developments in the field. This means constantly reading medical journals, attending conferences, and engaging in discussions with colleagues.When it comes to patient care, empathy is key. It's important to not only treat the physical symptoms of a patient, but also to understand and address their emotional and psychological needs.In the operating room, precision and attention todetail are paramount. Every action and decision can have a significant impact on the outcome of a procedure, so it's essential to stay focused and alert at all times.Communication is a vital aspect of healthcare. Whether it's explaining a diagnosis to a patient, collaborating with other healthcare professionals, or advocating for apatient's needs, effective communication is essential for providing high-quality care.Medical ethics play a significant role in the decision-making process for healthcare professionals. It's important to always prioritize the well-being of the patient and adhere to ethical standards, even in challenging situations.Continuous learning and professional development are essential in the medical field. This includes staying updated on new treatment methods, technologies, and best practices to ensure the highest level of care for patients.。
医学英文短文范文
医学英文短文范文English:As medical professionals, we often deal with patients who may be experiencing pain or discomfort. One way we can help them is by utilizing pain management techniques. Pain management can range from non-invasive methods like heat or cold therapy, to medication management, to more invasive procedures like nerve blocks or injections. It is important for us to assess each patient individually and determine the best course of action for their specific situation. We must also be aware of any potential risks or side effects of each method and educate the patient on these as well. Effective pain management can greatly improve a patient's quality of life and their ability to participate in daily activities.Translated content:作为医学专业人员，我们经常接触到可能正在经历疼痛或不适的患者。
我们可以通过利用疼痛管理技术来帮助他们。
疼痛管理可从非侵入性的方法，如热或冷疗法，到药物管理，到更侵入性的程序，如神经阻滞或注射。
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引言的内容与写作
Read the following example introduction and familiarize yourself with the layout:
①Although physical exercise has become an important part of standard therapy for patients who have had acute myocardial infarction and cardiac surgery, its role after heart transplantation has not been well defined. 1,2② Patients undergoing heart transplantation, like those undergoing coronaryartery bypass surgery, are affected by preoperative inactivity and postoperative deconditioning and can potentially benefit from exercise rehabilitation.
the denervated heart has been shown to respond appropriately to exercise. 57 ⑥ Moreover, several nonrandomized studies have suggested that exercise
training increases the capacity for physical work after heart transplantation.8-10
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To be continued
① present the nature and scope of the present study (in the present tense)
② giving background information on the present study (in the present tense)
parents and siblings of children referred for symptoms and not on the general population.
To avoid this potential selection bias, we studied part of the population of the Dionysos
引言的内容与写作
例一EInxt：armod引pulcet言1ion
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knowledge relating to it. ◇ Use the past tense while discussing the notions and performances in the past. ◇ Write “I/We conducted the study to….” (active voice) rather than “The
⑦ specifying the nature and scope of the present study (in the present tense)
⑧ stating the purpose of the present study and the method of the investigation (in the past tense)
引言的内容与写作
1. 引言的内容与写法（How to Write the Introduction）
2. Follow the guidelines below for writing a good introduction ◇ Review the pertinent literature to orient the reader. ◇ Present, with all possible clarity, the nature and scope of the present study. ◇ State the purpose of the present study. ◇ State the method of the investigation. ◇ Use the present tense while referring to the problem and the established
To be continued
Hale Waihona Puke ③④⑤⑥ giving background information on the present study of the rationale with carefully chosen reference (in the present tense)
引言的内容与写作
⑦ Because a certain amount of improvement in exercise capacity is expected after surgery, it is unclear how much of these reported gains in physical-work capacity reflects the effects of exercise training as compared with the natural course of postoperative recovery. ⑧ Therefore, we undertook a randomized, prospective study to assess the effect of exercise training provided in a cardiac-rehabilitation program on measurements of physical-work capacity and activities of daily living among patients who had undergone heart transplantation.