初高中衔接课 第一节 句子成分

Nouns Pronouns (All the “things”)
Predicative 表语
Adjectives
Nouns& Pronouns
Common Structure Ⅲ：SVP
Linging verbs 连系动词：
静态系动词: Be (am is are, was were); appear; seem; stay; remain; keep 动态系动词: become; turn; get; grow; come; go Sensory verbs 感官动词: look, sound, taste, smell, feel
1.她给丈夫煮了一顿美餐。
She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal.
2.他给你带来了一本字典。
He │brought │you │a dictionary.
3.我给他看我的照片。
I │showed │him │my pictures.
Tell the part of iO & dO
She asked me a question. 03 My grandfather usually wrote my
grandmother some letters. You should try to make it right.
Common Structure Ⅳ: SV+iOdO
• 4.我洗了我的汽车。
I │gave │my car │a wash.
• 5.我告诉他时间表。
I │told │him │the schedule.
• 6.他教我开机器。 He │showed │me │how to run the machine.
Make sentences in SV+iOdO
02 send, bring,
Common Structure Ⅲ：SVP
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
Linging verbs 连系动词：
Be (am is are, was were) 系动词
Sensory verbs: look, sound, taste, smell, feel 感官
动词
1
2
3
Subject 主语
I teach you English. 01 He told her a story.
You give me some books.
Customers should pay the shop money. 02 The teacher will tell us answers.
My father brought my mother a bunch of roses.
iO: you, her, me dO: English, story, some books
iO: the shop, us, my mother dO: money, answers, a bunch of roses
iO: me, my grandmother dO: question, letters
Object 宾语
Nouns Pronouns All the “things”
Common Structure Ⅱ : SVO
• Drills: 汉 译 英 • 1. 他知道这个秘密。
He knows the secret .
• 2. 你可以用这本词典。
You can use this dictionary.
Common Structure Ⅳ: SV+iOdO
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
Notional verbs 实意动词
Auxiliary + notional verbs 助动词+实意
1
动2词
3
Direct object 直接宾语
Nouns (Normally, dO is a ‘thing’
Auxiliary + notional verbs 助动词+实意
1
动词2
3
What is auxiliary? Can you give me some examples of “auxiliary +
notional verbs?”
Subject 主语
Nouns Pronouns (All the “things”)
person, a thing, a place, an
activity…
vi. intransitive verb 不及物动 词A verb without object
vt.
transitive verb 及物动词
A verb should be followed by an object
Abbreviations
Common Structure Ⅲ：SVP
• 4. 他长得又高又壮。 • 5. 他的爱好是读书。 • 6. 他的脸红了。
He is growing tall and strong. His hobby is reading books. His face turned red.
SVO or SVP
Common StructureⅠ: SV
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
Notional verbs 实意动词 (vi. intransitive)
Auxiliary + notional verbs 助动词+实意
1
动2词
Subject 主语
Nouns Pronouns (All the “things”)
I love my mother. People don’t like him. I miss my class teacher. She has an idea. He reads books.
Common Structure Ⅱ : SVO
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
Notional verbs 实意动词 （vt. transitive）
A word that joins words, phrases or sentences
pron.
pronoun 代词
A word that is used instead of a noun or noun phrase
Part 02 Sentence Elements
句
子
成
分
英语五种基本句型
Common Structure Ⅲ：SVP
• Drills: 汉 译 英 • 1. 这是本英汉辞典。 This is an English-Chinese dictionar
• 2. 午餐的气味很好。
The dinner smells good.
• 3. 一切看来都不同了。 Everything looks different.
Parts of Speech & Sentence Elements
温故而知新，可以为师矣。 Gain something new by reviewing something old.
Part 01 Parts of Speech 词性（词类）
Abbreviations
noun 名词
n.
A word that refers to a
preposition 介词
A word that uses before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method
Abbreviations
art.
article 冠词
A, an, the
conj. conjunction 连词
adj. adjective 形容词
A word that describes a person or thing
adv. prep.
adverb 副词
A word that adds more information about place, time, manner; A word that shows degree to a verb, an adjective, a phrase or another adverb
Ｓ Ｖ （主＋谓） Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋谓＋宾） Ｓ Ｖ iO dO （主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）
Common StructureⅠ: SV
Subject 主语
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
I know. I see. I don’t know. I can’t see. He forgot. No one laughs.
allow, wish
give, pay, 01
tell, show
03
teach, write, make, buy
lend, return, ask, pass
04
Common Structure Ⅴ: SVOC
动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成 分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
• 3. 每年许多人来参观这个古老的奇迹。
Many people visit this ancient wonder every year.
Common Structure Ⅲ：SVP
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
1
Subject 主语
2
3
Predicative 表语
1. I am your teacher. 2. The apple tastes sour. 3. She looks happy. 4. The sky is turning dark.
Common Structure Ⅳ: SV+iOdO
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
1
Subject 主语
2
wenku.baidu.com
3
4
Indirect object 间接宾 Direct object 直接宾语
语 (通常是人)
（通常是物体）
He gave me a cup of tea. Ms Liu asked me a question. The agent shows this house to Mr. Smith.
Common StructureⅠ: SV
• 4. 管它呢？
Who cares?
• 5. 他们谈了半个小时。 They talked for half an hour.
Common Structure Ⅱ : SVO
（Predicate）Verb （谓语）动词
1
2
3
Subject 主语
Object 宾语
You look like Cai Xukun. I am a student in senior secondary school .
This blanket feels comfortable. It doesn’t taste good.
I want to help you, but I can’t help you. I do my homework after school. I do like you as my student.
此类句子的谓语动词能表达 完整的意思，叫做“不及物 动词“，不能跟宾语，但可 以加副词、介词短语、状语
从句。
Common StructureⅠ: SV • Drills: 汉 译 英
• 1. 月亮升起了。
The moon rose.
• 2. 宇宙长存。
The universe remains.
• 3. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝 We all breathe, eat, and drink.
宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明 的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关 系，它们一起构成复合宾语。 Ｓ │Ｖ（及物）│ Ｏ（宾语） │ Ｃ（宾补）
Common Structure Ⅴ : SVOC
1. 使役动词： make, have, get, keep, let,leave… 2. 表看,听和想的动词： look (at), watch,see, hear, listen (to), consider，find, think，suppose， believe … 3. 其他： appoint（任命）, name, call, choose, declare（宣称）, imagine, judge, know, prove…
of sth)
4
Subject 主语
Nouns Pronouns All the “things”
Indirect object 间接宾语
Nouns Pronouns (Normally, iO is human)
Common Structure Ⅳ: SV+iOdO
• Drills: 汉 译 英