2012年电力职称英语考试重点
2012版电力职称英语水平考试(短文判断 字母顺序)
短文判断Passage 4 Power plantAccording to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be cl assified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, nuclear, wind, solar, geothermal and tide power plants and so1. Base on energy conversion, power plants are divided into more than 7 c ategories.(right )2. A power plant tries to transform energy source into electric power. (wro ng )3. The power plant generating electricity and supplying steam is called a co-generation plant. (right )4. A power net plan for short and medium term is one of factors in selecting a site (wrong)5. Two important factors for a new plant plan are fuel supply and ash dispo sal.(right)6. Environmental protection is less considered in building a new power pl an t(wrong)7. Water sources and transportation conditions are not needed to consider i n selecting a new site(wrong)8. The total capacity in a newly scheduled plant arranges from 1200MW t o 3600MW(right)9. The number of units exceeds more than six.(wrong)10. The ranks of capacity should be limited within two.(right) Passage 18 The Obama administration's bank rescue proposalAmong the criticisms of the Obama administration's bank rescue propo sal is that the government will provide up to $1 trillion1. The Obama administration‘s bank rescue proposal is criticized becau se the amount of money is too huge.(wrong )2. The word ―float‖ means ―to move without an aim‖ (wrong )3. According to the author ordinary Americans don‘t have much cash these days. (right)4. The bailout plan is so complex and risky that the world‘s major banks u tterly misjudged them. (wrong )5. The last paragraph indicates that the bailout plan needs support from big investors. (right)Passage 13 AustraliaAustralia is a vast continent, the sixth lagest in the world . It is approx imately 7700000 sruare kilometers in size and has a coastline almos t 37000 kilometers long.imagination and resources of various govern ments for almost a century. 1. Australia is a large country and has a relati vely large population. (Wrong)2. The majority of people living in Australia are city dwellers. (right)3. The delivery of education services to people living in remote areas is u nimaginable for almost a century.(wrong )4. The attempt to provide educational services to distant dwellers did not t ake place until 1916. (right)5. The schoolwork was delivered and retumed through sealed roads, regul ar bus routes and air services in the beginning. (wrong )Passage 14 BiomassBiomass is a cost-effective source of energy. It helps to generate electricit y by wood,harvest residues, crops, urban refuse, and methane gas whic h are known as Biomass. This source requires less investment as compared with wind turbines and PV cells. Another reason1. As a source of energy, biomass can bring the best possible profits for the lowest possible costs. (right)2. One of the advantages of using biomass is that it is a convenient mediu m to store energy. (right)3. Biomass doesn't produce enough carbon dioxide and is harm less to the environment. (wrong )4. Despite its advantages, biomass is not suitable for commercial uses. (ri ght)5. Only trees and crops can be used as biomass-fuels. (wrong ) Passage10 ElectricityElectricity may be dangerous. It always takes the shortest way to the groun d. So it needs to find something like metal or water to carry it to the ground. These things are1. Electricity is not dangerous as people think.(wrong)2. Dry wood can carry electricity to the ground. u(wrong)3. Conductors like metal or water can carry electricity to the ground.(righ t)4. Human body is a good conductor because it has 90% water in the body .(wrong)5. Y ou can use a hairdryer far from bath and water.(right)6.W et hands are good conductors for transmitting electricity.(tight)7.The best tool to push a shocked person away from the power is to use a non-conductor.(right)Passage 9 Business and risksMarx once quoted a famous saying in his work capitalism, ―once ther‘s appropriate profit, capital will become bold. For 10 % profit, it will guarantee its being fully1. The work Capitalism is written by Carl Marx.(right)2. For 20% profit, capital will take risks.(wrong)3. For 100%, capital dares to break any human laws.(right)4. For 200%, capital dares to commit any crime and even risks being hang ed. (wrong)5. The pursuit of profits forces human beings to take any risks.(right)6. The pursuit of profit is much more encouraged than the pursuit of friendship.(wrong)7. There are two ownerships existing in Chinese economy.(right)8. Only bright manufacturer or manager can predict the future of his enter prises.(wrong)Passage 15 Nuclear radiationNuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even to life itself can be me d up in one word: radiation. Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery ab out it, partly because it cannot be detected by hurnan senses. It can not be seen or heard, or touched or tasted,1. The mystery about nuclear' radiation may come from the fact that it ca nnot be detected byhuman senses(right)2. We cannot sense radio activity without a radio receiver. (wrong )3. Common radio waves are harmless to human beings and other things. ( right)4. Even at the lowest levels, radiation will cause cancer by killing the heal thy cells. (wrong )5. Victims of nuclear radiation may die of cancer years later. (right) Passage 3 Optical fiber communicationOptical fiber communication is a kind of information communicatio n by optical fiber. In power system, the composite optical fiber ground wire ground wire or OPGW is widely1. A kind of information communication is optical fiber communication.(ri ght)2. The composite optical fiber ground wire is seldom used in power syst em.(wrong)3. One of the transmission tasks of the optical fiber main network i s to transmit administration telephones from power system.(right)4. Optical fiber communication has been the important communication method in power communication system.(right)5. Large capacity of communication is not one of the advantages of optica l fiber communication.(wrong)6. The communication capacity of optical fiber is indirectly proportion t o the carrier frequency.(wrong)7. The carrier frequency of power line is more than 300kHz.(right)8. The carrier frequency of microwave is between 3000Mha and 500MHz .(wrong)9. The main problem of the fiber-optic channel is the high price of fiber-op tic equipmen t(right)10. The cables made by optical fiber are not expensive.(wrong) Passage 5 Selection of metal material for the boiler in units of 1000M W gradeTaking a general view of the 1000MW grade high-efficie ncy supercritical unit designed and made in China, the temp erature of main steam and reheated steam are1. The 1000MW grade high-efficiency supercritical unit is designed and made in China.(right)2. The temperature of main steam and reheated steam reach basically bet ween 570 to 650℃.(wrong)3. The tube wall temperature of superheater and reheater can reach more t han 600 to 650 ℃ (right)4. The tube wall temperature steam oxidation performance at tube inner s urface is highly demanded.(right)5.The anti-high temperature flue gas corrosion performance at tube outsi de surface is not highly demanded.(wrong)6. The temperature limit of T91 for use is about 593℃（ring）7. The temperature limit of T92 for use is less than 620℃（wrong）8. The temperature of austenite stainless steel for normal use is about 650℃（right）9. The temperature limit of austenite stainless steel is less than 700℃（w rong）10. Only heat-resisting steel can be adopted for use.(wrong)Passage 6 The role of the condenserThe condenser is a surface heat exchanger in which cool ing water passing through the tubes removes the vaporizatio n heat from the exhaust steam which is passing over1. A condenser is a heat exchanger removing the vaporization heat fro m the exhaust steam and condensing the exhaust steam into water.(right )2.It is suggested that the water should not be cooled below the saturatio n temperature.(wrong)3. The saturation temperature would not remove excess energy from the s ystem and reduce the overall efficiency.(right)4. It is unnecessary to reduce the steam to water so that it can be pumped back through the system.(right)5.The condenser does not control back-pressure at the turbine exhaust.(w rong)6.The important factor controlling the turbine backpressure is the tempera ture of the cooling water passing through the condenser tubes.(right)7.The temperature of cooling water will increase its temperature betwee n 15oF a nd 20oF a s it passes through the condenser.(right)8. The terminal difference means the temperature difference between the c ooling water and the turbine exhaust steam.(right)9.The temperature increase of the cooling water and the terminal differen ce depend on 3 factors.(wrong)10.The exhaust steam temperature does not rely on the temp erature of the cooling water which enters the condenser.(wrong )Passage 2 T ypes of circuit breakerThe high voltage circuit breaker is mainly composed of contactors, are-extinguishing elements, insulation material, operating mechanism. The ins ulation1. Contactors, are-extinguishing elements, insulation material and operating mechanism form the high voltage circuit breaker.(right)2. The insulation structure is made up of 3 parts.(right)3. The are-extinguishing medium can be divided into only 3 parts.(wrong )4. An oil circuit breaker means a circuit breaker with oil as are-extinguishing and insulation medium.(right)5. A v acuum circuit breaker is not a circuit breaker with close and open co ntactors in high vacuum.(wrong)6. A pure SF6 gas is not a food are-extinguishing medium.(wrong)7. The insulation strength of SF6 gas is higher than air and vacuum.(righ t)8. An oil minimum circuit breaker is very safe in use.(right)9. An oil minimum circuit breaker has bad heat dissipation capability.(wr ong)10. An oil minimum circuit breaker is one of the mostly used circuit brea kers in the power grid.(right)Passage 8 Heat treatmentThe purpose of post-weld heat treatment is: to diminish the residual stres s in the welded joints; to improve the organization and property of the wel ded joints.1. The post-weld heat treatments have two main purposes.(right)2. One of the purposes is to diminish the residual stress in the welded join ts.(right)3. The other purpose is to improve the organization of the welded joints.( wrong)4. The welding crack can be classified into 5 categories.(right)5. To change the internal structure of the work piece is one of purposes fo r heat treatment.(right)6. There are 5 kinds of steel heat treatment.(wrong)7. The processes of heat treatment include 4 procedures.(right)8.The electric resistance furnace is not widely used.(wrong)9.Heat treatment furnaces are not composed of electric resistance furn ace, combustion furnace and surface heating device.(wrong)10.The control device for heat treatment temperature is com posed of temperature measuring element, and control device.(wr ong)Passage 7 Hydraulic structureThe selected type dam of hydraulic power plant depends principally on to pographic, geologic, hydrologic, climatic conditions, constructional mater ials, lay out plan, cost1.The type of dam for hydraulic power plant depends on many factors.(ri ght)2. The main purpose of the dam safety monitoring is to discover the norm ality of dam in time.(right)3. The equipment installed inside the dam is to discover the normality of d am in time.(wrong)4. Horizontal displacement is more important than vertical displacement.( wrong)5. Temperature stress and strain are the two main monitoring items of dam. (wrong)6. The monitoring method is the suitable points on the dam and its found ation.(right)7. Some monitoring devices are movable for periodical supervision.(wron g)8. The monitoring result result shall be analyzed and studied by computer s.(wrong)Passage 1 Feature of power generationThe simultaneousness of the electric power generation means that the ele ctric power generation, Transmission, transformation, distribution and util ization must be performed at the same instant. The electric1. They electric power can stored. (wrong)2. The power system is made up of 4 parts. (right)3. The unification of power system equipment is formed by 4 equipments . (right)4. A power system is an undivided integer. (right)5. The power network can operate normally without the integration of oth er 3 equipments. (wrong)6. A link line is called a transmission line. (right)7. A link line is formed by 3 power networks. (wrong)8. An electric power network is simply called a power network.(right)9. The main network frame is formed by a weak EHV system. (wrong)10. The networks are not closely linked with each other.(wrong) Passage 11 Undersea LifeThe undersea world is very mysterious. In the daytime, there is eno ugh light. Under the sea, everything is blue and green. Today scuba divi ng is a new sport and many1. Everything under the sea becomes blue and green. (right)2. Now people can dive into the water to explore the secrets of the sea.(ri ght)3. Y ou can stay in deep blue sea for a long time if you have bottles of air o n your back. (right)4.It is warm but dark in deeper water. (wrong)5.Under about 3000 feet, there is no light at all. (right)6.Many fish under deep water have eyes like normal fish in water. (wrong )7.The sea is a dangerous place for all organisms.(right)8.Deep sea animals must follow the rule: to eat or be eaten.(right) Passage 12 Advice on FriendshipWe all need friends. Without friends we may feel empty a nd sad. It is not difficult for most people to make friends. B ut you may feel shy and not want to make the first1. People can‘t live well if they have no friends. (right)2.If you want to keep a friend forever, you should greet him with a smile.( right)3.Cooking some soup for a sick neighbour makes you‘re the sick neighbo ur feel much better.(right)4.If you have a close friend, It doesn‘t matter to be rude to him.(wrong )5.If you want to be a loyal friend, you should understand their ideas and l earn from them. (right)Passage 16 Livestock's Long ShadowWhen you think about the growth of human population over the last cent ury or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the numb er of humans. But as we multiply, so do all the things associated with us, i ncluding our livestock. At present,1. With the increase of human population over the last century, every thing around us is increasing. (wrong )2. It was not until the publication of a new report, called ―Livestock's Lo ng Shadow" that we know how big the number of livestock is. (wrong )3. Rain forests are decreasing as a result of expanding grazing land. (righ t)4. The global livestock contribute more to the global warming than transp ortation. (right)5. According to the passage, the only solution to global warming is reduci ng cars. (wrong )Passage 17 Pain managementYears ago, doctors often said that pain was a normal part of life. rn partic ular, when older patients complained of pain, they were told it was a natu ral part of aging and they would have to learn to live with it. Times ha ve changed. Today, we take pain seriously.1. Pain is a natural part of aging and the older patients have to leain to live with it. (wrong )2. Today, it is believed that chronic pain can cause depression. (right)3. To provide a comprehensive therapy, the work of many professionals i s involved. (right)4. Our respect for pairi management has led to the wealth and health ofpe ople. (wrong )5. The drugs which helped patients relieve the pain used to have serious s ide effects. (right)。
2012职称英语语法复习指导-让步状语从句
2012职称英语语法复习指导:让步状语从句2012职称英语语法复习指导让步状语从句：主要连接词：although （虽然）/ even if （though）（即使）/ while （尽管）后两个是考试的重点。
no matter what… （= whatever无论…什么…）/ no matter how… （=however，无论怎样…）/ whether…or not （不论…还是…）这是让步句考试的重点。
例如：No matter what （或Whatever） may happen， we will not change our plan. （无论可能发生什么，我们决不改变计划。
）No matter how difficult （或However difficult）the journey may be， we will not change our plan. （不管路程有多难，我们决不改变计划。
）We should not worry her whether she is well or ill （或whether she is ill or not）。
（无论她身体好坏，我们都不应使她烦恼。
）注意：no matter what后面跟名词或名词性结构;nomatter how后面跟形容词或副词，不要搞错;用了no matter what / no matter how就不能再用whatever / however.5）比较状语从句：这是英语语法必考内容，要特别加以重视。
基本概念：两个比较级，三个或三个以上级。
要对数字“2”特别敏感，试选择：Of Mary and Jane， who is ______？A. smartB.the smartestC. more smarterD.the smarter解题思路：很显然这是一道考形容词比较级的题目，从句子结构和选题A可以判断smart是个形容词原级，因此可以断定C的形式错了（重复比较，如不能说more happier 一样的道理）。
国家电网职称英语题库2012版_补全短文
补全短文Passage 1 Functions of power transmissionThe function of (1) is to send power from power plants to load center or to exchange power between power networks in order to attain the generation-consumption balance or the supply-demand balance between (2)．Power transmission is completed by step-up substations，(3)．The transmission line mainly consists of the transmission conductors (cables)，poles or towers，insulators，overhead ground wires，and grounding devices. The (4) can reduce the line loss and the voltage drop，ensure the power quality, raise the economy of (5)．The increase of transmission line voltage can not only raise the amount of transmitted power, but also reduce the line loss and line voltage drop，and improve the voltage quality．A. step-down substations and connected transmission equipmentB. power network operationC. power transmissionD. transmission at high voltageE. power networksPassage 2 Substation misoperation and its preventingThe misopemtion that can lead to (1) mainly are：①on-loadswitching of isolating switch；②connecting (2)；③closing the circuit breaker (isolating switch) with ground lines (ground switch) earthed．The“five preventings”for (3) includes：①preventing the wrong opening or closing of circuit breaker；②preventing the on load opening and closing of isolating switch；③preventing (4)；④preventing the closing of circuit breaker with grounding wire connected；⑤preventing(5)．A. preventing the misoperation in substationB. the closing of grounding switch with power onC. accidents in the electrical operation of the substationD. the persons from illegal entering the lived bayE. the grounding wire (closing the grounding switch) with power onPassage 3 A brief introduction on the development of supercritical boilers and their main advantagesIn (1) such as U.S.A，Japan and European countries，the supercritical boiler has been developed since the 60s of last century．It has been proved by data and experience，the supercritical unit has (2)．As for its reliability, because the steam-water flow passages in supercritical boiler is same as that in the (3)，there isn’t anything special. But as far as hydrauliccharacteristic，a symbol of reliability, is concerned，in a supercritical boiler, under supercritical condition，medium is of single phase which has a (4). So that the problem caused by uneven distribution of steam phase and water phase can be avoided．It is admitted that, if (5)，both supercritical and subcritical units can get an excellent reliability index.A. good homogenization of distributionB. some advanced countriesC. whole process management is strengthenedD. great advantages oil economy and environmental protectionE. subcritical once-through boilerPassage 4 Steam generation and useSteam is one of man’s dependable servants More and more in the background，steam is doing more and more work for man. In (1) steam may be seen only at the teakettle, but the electricity used may be generated by burning coal or gas and producing steam to turn the generator rotors in the power plant Even if (2) by nuclear fission，the generation of electricity is still accomplished by (3).In the U.S.A. the demand for electricity doubles every ten years. For the most part water resources suitable for powergeneration are already in service, except for emergency standby and peak-load units; approximately 90% of (4) utilizes steam. The (5) is expanding in most countries of the world except for the countries where available water power resources are greater than power needs.A. first generating steamB. an electrically heated homeC. use of steam for electric power generationD. the new generating capacity being installedE. the fuel is uranium and the heat is suppliedPassage 5 Circuit breakerCircuit breakers are automatically operated high voltage (or high current) switches. Circuit breakers are required (1) by switching circuits on，by carrying load and by switching circuits off under manual or automatic supervision. Their duty is as follows：In closed position the circuit breaker must be a good conductor for the normal load current. In open position the gap across the contacts shall have foil insulation level. At opening operating the circuit breaker must be able (2) to many thousands of amperes，and independently of the characteristics from purely inductive to fully capacitive. At closing operation the circuit breaker must close fast and be safe also against full short circuitconditions. They must，therefore，be effective instantaneously when are called upon (3) without movement. As the circuit breaker is the last link in the chain of protective equipment, the circuit breaker reliability is (4) of the total electric power system so the importance (5) cannot be over emphasized.A· to perform any switching operation after long periodsB. to control electrical power networksC. of the circuit breakerD. to switch the current which can be from a few amperesE. of the highest importance for high reliabilityPassage 6 The ratio of distance to height of pumped-storage power plantFor pumped-storage power plant, generally the ratio of distance to height (l), Distance-height ratio (2) to the drop between upper and low reservoir that is L/H. The head of simple pumped-storage power plant consists of two parts，they are natural topographic elevation difference and elevation difference formed by dam. Of course, the head derived from topographic elevation difference ( 3 )，so in selecting plant site，the condition that not only a height difference is available but also no very high dam of upper reservoir is necessary should be considered. Smaller L/H value indicates a shorter water transportation line，then the engineering construction cost can be saved. But in many circumstances, topographic condition ( 4 ),so we can’t say the smallest L/H value ( 5 ). In newly constructed three large capacity pumped-storage power plants in our country, the L/H value respectively are：7.12 in Guangzhou. 4.12 in Shisanling，2.40 in Tian huangpingA. is most economicB. is used to evaluate topographic condition of power plantC. is not desirableD. is the ratio of horizontal distance between upper and low reservoirE. is the bestPassage 7 Fuel cellsFuel cells are devices that when a fuel such as hydrogen or hydrogen-rich compounds and oxygen are supplied to materials arranged like the anode and cathode of a conventional battery, combine to convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy. Unlike conventional batteries. where the conversion of chemical to electrical energy requires only the closing of a circuit between the cathode and anode to produce and electrical current，(1). These cells require the fuel and oxygen that will produce the chemical reactions that produce an electrical0utout．Fuel cells have been made that will supply power in the megawatt range，and (2)．Such cells are not yet widely used on power systems，but(3)to supply fuel cell power to isolated loads As the voltage output of a cell is in the order of l to 2.5V, (4) and power output in ranges that are normally required. Inverters are used to (5) when and AC output is desired.A . further development is under wayB. there is no storage capacity in a fuel cellC. many cells are operated in series to obtain voltagesD. supply alternating current from fuel cellsE. as they are being developed there have been some applicationsPassage 8 Substations pace into the Digital Age Substations constitute the main part of power transmission and distribution in a power grid. The substations (1), with the responsibility for the electric power transmission and distribution in the grid. Over more than a decade of development, (2). In the rebuilding and constructing of power grid in rural and urban areas，automation technology is not only used in low-voltage substations to realize unattended operation，but also in the 220kV and above extra-voltage substations，thus greatly enhancing the level of modernization of power gridconstruction, strengthening the power transmission and distribution and the possibility of power grid dispatching and reducing the total cost of substation construction, (3). However, the development of technology is never-ending，and the increasing maturation of technology like intelligent switches，photoelectric current and voltage transformers，online condition monitoring of primary equipments, (4), as well as the development and application of high-speed network in real-time system，is bound to have a profound impact upon the existing substation automation technology, and (5) is about to emerge. A. substation automation technology has reached a certain levelB. simulation training technology for substation operationC. composed of a large number of primary and secondary equipmentsD. a full-digital automation systemE. all of which has become an indisputable factPassage 9 Overcoming the Problem of WasteMany large cities are anything but beautiful Streets are littered with trash. In this trash, however, (1) ．If people want to solve the problem of waste, (2)．They must work out ways of making use of good things which are justthrown away as waste．When a car gets too old，it may not rim any more. But if the metal that the car was made of is still good，(3). When a bottle is empty, it goes out in the trash. But bottle glass can be ground into sand and used to pave streets. Besides, garbage from food can be changed into fertilizer. But first you have to pick out all the glass and metal.Furthermore, garbage can also be a good source for making building blocks, which are then covered with concrete. Now, (4) . Some day, people will watch films in a great cinema which has been built out of garbage Future buildings，roads，and cities may be made from garbage. But so far, (5).A. there is no time to be lostB. building beautiful cities out of garbage is only a dreamC. there is still something that can be usefulD. it can be put to use againE. more and more machines are designed for this purpose Passage 10 HibernationThe weather in winter. Call be very cold. Some animals sleep during the winter, for it's difficult for them to find food then. (1) . For example，their sleep can last from autumn to spring. (2).Animals need food in winter to keep them warm and alive If they move about more，they need eat more. (3). Their heart beatsslowly. And they breathe slowly. They find a safe place to sleep.(4).In warm winter some animals like bears may wake up. If they see thick snow oil the ground, they will get back to their sleep.(5).A. So they don’t need to worry about bad weather and other dangerous animalsB. We call this kind of sleep in wintertime “hibernation’’C. As it gets warmer and warmer in spring，the sleeping animals begin to wake up and look around for foodD. Hibernating animals don’t need to eat much because they don’t moveE. They can sleep for a long timePassage 11 SatellitesThe body that is neatest to the Earth is the moon. (1). This satellite is called natural satellite. Man—made spacecraft which circle the Earth are called artificial satellites. Natural as well as artificial satellites circle the planets in a definite path or orbit(轨道). (2).All the bodies in space like the moon，the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects. (3). The moon’s gravitational force is only one．sixth that of the Earth’s. TheEarth’s gravitational force of pull keeps ns and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.(4). There are many artificial satellites orbiting around the Earth. Some artificial satellites have been sent up to orbit the moon and even the planet Mars. (5).A. The bigger and heavier a body is, the greater is its force of gravityB. It circles the Earth and is therefore know as a satellite of the EarthC. To get out into space we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pullD. A satellite stays in orbit because the planet gravitational force keeps pulling it into a circleE. Artificial satellite can be used for various purposes Passage 12 Secondary equipment in power systemThe secondary equipments in power system are (1), measuring，regulating，controlling primary equipments, the equipments that supply information，working condition for the operator or maintenance persons, and (2). The electric circuit connected with the secondary winding of CT or PT is called secondary circuit. The secondary equipment and secondary circuit belong to secondary system.The voltage and (3) are：110V , 220V DC operating voltages, 100V rated voltage of the potential transformer secondary winding and (4). The related parameter values of secondary system after weak electrification are：24V 48V 60V DC operating voltages, (5), 0.5A rated current of CT secondary side.A. 5A rated current of the current transformer secondary windingB. the equipments that provide protecting，monitoringC. 50V rated voltage of PT secondary sideD. the equipments that send the command signalsE. current values in secondary systemPassage 13 Switching overvoltageA sudden change in the configuration of transmission network caused (1) or by the appearance of a fault can cause a rapid surge known as switching overvoltage, which propagates throughout the network. It is these switching overvoltages which in general (2), Limitating these overvoltages is of extremely importance, because they have an important effect on both (3). These switching overvoltages can occur (4). If non-restriking circuit breakers is not used, it is at the instant of closing, and above all，re-closing of a line which has held a residual charge, that the strongest overvoltages will appear. This switchingovervoltage is usually limited (5).A. determine the insulation requirements of transmission linesB. the cost of transmission and 1ine failure rateC. at both opening and closing of circuit breakersD. by means of circuit breaker closing resistor in 500kV systemE. by the operation of a circuit breakerPassage 14 Transmission line and distribution lineThe high voltage power line through which power is (1) is called power transmission line. The voltage classes of 35kV and above are generally used. High voltage distribution line is (2) to distribution transformers. Low voltage distribution line is the line that transmits power from distribution transformer to the users. The normal voltage of power distribution line is 380V. The special sections of (3) refer to the sections with large spanning, serious pollution, (4)．The overhead line section whose span is 1000 m and longer or the height of the pole or tower is l00m and higher is called (5).A. transmitted from power plant’s step-up substation to step-down substationB. the overhead transmission lineC. lightning frequently happening and heavy rainingD. the power line that transmits the power from step-down substationE. 1arge spanning line sectionPassage 15 Transformer insulationThe insulation of a transformer can be categorized into internal insulation and external insulation. (1). The external insulation is the insulation between the upper part of bushings and the ground and the insulation among the bushings. The internal insulation of transformer can be further subdivided into main insulation and longitudinal insulation (2). The longitudinal insulation refers the insulation between different parts of the same winding，such as insulation between different sections，layers and turns of the same winding.(3), insulating pressboard, cable paper, corrugated paper, etc. The oil in transformer has two functions, one is insulation, and the other is cooling (4) by the factors such as temperature is called insulation aging. (5), for every 6o C temperature rise the insulation life time of the paper used in transformer will decrease by half.A. The main insulation materials inside transformer are transformer oilB. The degradation of insulating properties of insulationmaterials under long period of influenceC. The internal insulation refers to the insulation of various parts inside the oil tankD．If the winding temperature is within the scope of 80～140 o CE. The main insulation refers to the insulation between windings and grounding parts and the insulation between windingsPassage 16 The electricity marketThe aim of introducing market mechanism is to bring various parties more economic benefit through equitable competition，thereby promote economic development.Like other markets, it needs (1) where the sellers and buyers (suppliers) can trade electricity, and needs (2) where the suppliers can sell electricity to final customers. As in other markets，the participants need (3). Competition is introduced into generation and retail supplied to customers. Customers are free (4). If a customer chooses to buy electricity in the retail market, he should be able to choose electricity supply from one of several competing retailers. If a customer decides to purchase directly from the wholesale market, he will need (5). Power generation is disaggregated into separate companies to ensureadequate competition.A. to agree on the price and quantity to be tradedB. a wholesale marketC. to register as a market customerD. a retail marketE. to choose electricity suppliersPassage 17 Electric powerElectric power is a most convenient，clean，safe，and useful form of energy which supplies the major portion of energy needs of a modem society At the present time (1) is newsworthy. Electric power is so vital to the lives of people that (2) causes inconvenience, loss of production, and danger to many individuals who are in operation (such as cardiac operation) in hospital. A prolonged blackout, which is inevitable when a growing load is combined with no generation additions, could lead to (3). With the developing of industry and improving in living standard, the electric power demand is growing continuously and (4) is much greater than that of all other forms of energy. Now (5) has been one of the indications of modernization of a country.A. its growth rateB. its unavailabilityC. the lack of electricity (a blackout)D. social disorder, and even national tragedyE. high electric power consumption per capitaPassage 18 Copyright piracyThere are numerous examples of what has become known as copyright piracy. The American chemical giant Du Pont, for example, recently introduced into one Asian country its famous Londax herbicide, which kills weeds in rice fields. The company invested millions of dollars in (1) of this product and ploughed another US $25 million into opening a local production plant. Less than one year later, however, very cheap bottles of Londax were openly on sale. The only difference between (2) -0ther than the price-was that the fake was called Rondex and came in a blue rather than a green bottle. However, as it was so much cheaper than the original, it effectively destroyed Du Pont’s investment. It also made the company less willing to invest in R&D of (3). The“recipe”for Londax should have been treated as (4) of Du Pont. Other companies making illegal use of it are stealing just as surely as if they stole Du Pont’s machines or any other (5) of the inventing company.A. new chemicalsB. the research and developmentC. physical propertyD. the fake and real itemsE. the intellectual propertyPassage 19 Electrical energyElectrical energy is the presence and flow of an electric charge. The energy portion of electricity is found in a variety of phenomena such as (1), electromagnetic fields and lightning. Humans have found the ability to harness these phenomena and store the (2) for later use. The concept of (3) is defined using a variety of different terminologies such as charge，current and potential.Electrical energy is the result of the interaction of subatomic particles with electromagnetic force. Within an atom, electrons and protons create a charge. This charge Can be transferred between bodies using direct contact with a conductive material like a wire.The current refers to the movement of the charge. With direct current, this occurs when the electricity is stored in a battery and travels in one direction out of the battery. (4) occurs when the current changes direction repeatedly within an electrical system. The alternating current form is usually used to power larger objects such as residences and buildings.(5) is essential to the range and power of electric energy. When an electric charge exists within an object, a force is exerted from its electrical field. This accelerates the object in a direction either towards or away from the charge, depending on the electromagnetic polarization. Generally, positively-charged electricity pushes the object away, while negatively-charged electricity pulls the object towards the field.A. Alternating currentB. electrical energyC. Electrical potentialD. static electricityE. electrical chargePassage 20 Solar energyMany people think of alternative solar energy as a new technology, but humans have been using this process to heat homes and baths for thousands of years. Alternative solar energy refers to energy from the sun that can be captured and used just like energy created by fossil fuels. The great benefit of solar energy is that its source, the sun，is not diminished by use of the energy, therefore making this type of power system(1).There are several different methods of collecting and using alternative solar energy. One of (2), usually seen as solar panels.Solar panels can be a very good means of collecting solar energy, but do have some drawbacks. While panels have the advantage of quickly turning absorbed solar radiation into usable energy, they are extremely (3). This means that much of the potential power of absorbed light is lost in the transfer processThermal solar energy is primarily used to create heat, such as for homes, baths, and swimming pools, In a thermal system, (4), which then passes through a pipe system where it mixes with water, generating steam. Steam is then passed through a turbine system, which turns it into usable energy. Despite sounding like a more complex process than photovoltaic systems use, thermal alternative solar energy is often far more (5) and is able to retain and use more of the collected energy directly for heating.A. sustainableB. inefficientC. the collected energy is used to heat a fluidD. the best known is photovoltaic cellsE. efficientPassage 21 Electrical energy conservationElectrical energy conservation refers to the process of reducing energy used through various means. Many of these methods for (1)；naming down the thermostat, naming off thelights when leaving the room, or switching off power strips when not in use are all examples of this. Homes, businesses or power companies (2), such as wind or solar energy, are also examples of electrical energy conservation. Many traditional electrical power plants are coal-fired, which contributes greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, (3)；this is just one reason that energy conservation is important.For many people, electrical energy conservation begins at home. Not only is this good for the environment, but it can also significantly reduce the amount of a monthly electric bill. Some of the simplest steps to energy conservation include switching traditional light bulbs to compact fluorescent(CFL)bulbs, or (4). Making sure appliances are efficient, and that windows and doors are well sealed against the outdoors, are other examples of energy conservation. People (5) should also look for power strips that can be switched off．A. turning the thermostat up in the summer and down in the winterB. looking for other opportunities for electrical energy conservation in the homeC. reducing energy consumption can be undertaken at homeD. making use of alternative clean energy sourcesE. contributing to climate changePassage 1Nowadays, scientists are working hard to make deserts into useful land again. They make efforts to bring water to the desert( C ). Unluckily, more and more land is becoming deserts. This is because people are doing bad things to the earth.Some places don’t become deserts( D )Some green plants are growing there. ( B ). Plants keep the land away from becoming too dry in the sunshine( E ). When a little bit rain falls, the plants can hold the water. Without plants and grass，the land will become drier and drier and is more likely to become a desert. ( A )A. There is still a long way to go for scientists to turn the desert into good land.B. They are very important to dry placesC. so that people can live and grow food thereD. even t hough these places don’t have much rainE. Besides, they won’t let the wind blow the dirt away.Passage 2Temperature, pressure, specific volume, enthalpy and entropy are the most commonly used ( C ) in the thermodynamics.Heat expansion refers to the phenomenon that most of the substances will increase in size with ( B ) in the absence of ( E ).There are three basic types of( A ), namely, conduction, convection and radiation.The first law of thermodynamics goes like this: the heat input to a thermodynamic system is equal to the sum of the increase in( D )of the system and the work done to the outside.A. heat transferB．the rise in temperatureC．parameters of the mediumD．internal energyE．external forcesPassage 1( E ) Here are three important rules( A )Reduce. ( B ) Big cities always consume a lot of water in daily life. To save water, people in some families may first use the same water to wash clothes and then to flush the toilet.Reuse. ( C )For example, you can pass on the clothes you do not use or those too small for you to your younger sisters or brothers.Recycle. Bottles, cans and paper can be recycled. In this way, we can save a lot of money and resources. For example,used coke cans can be sent to a factory to be smashed flat and melted. ( D )A. Their key words all begin with the 1etter “R”.B. If you want to reduce waste. you must use things wisely.C. You must always think of reusing things before throwing them out.D. The metal stuff can be made into new coke cans.E. It’s important to protect our environment.Passage 2According to the mode of energy conversion, power plants can be classified into fossil-fired, hydraulic, ( B ), geothermal, tide power plants, and so on.A power plant transforms primary energy source into electric power and ( C ).A co-generation plant is the power plant that not only generates electricity but also ( A ).Normally, in selecting the site of a new power plant, following factors should be fully considered: Power net plan fur medium and long term; ( D ); Transportation condition; Water sources; Local natural condition and environmental protection.According to the common stipulation for a newly scheduled power plant, the total capacity in a ( E ) is in therange of 1200MW to 3 600MW, the number of units should not exceed six and the ranks of capacity should not exceed two.A. supplies steam to the userB. nuclear, wind, solarC. supplies power to usersD. Fuel supply and ash disposalE. newly scheduled power plantPassage 1The most important pumps in a power plant are feed-water pumps and condensate pumps, etc.The role of feed-water pump in a power plant is that ( B ) from de-aerator water storage tank to boiler. To meet the demand of parameter design of thermodynamic system and to simplify the system, a part of the feed water is extracted from an intermediate stage of the pump for temperature reduction of superheated steam.Following methods are used popularly for the speed regulation of feed-water pump: ( D )；Hydraulic coupling speed regulation and speed regulation by a small turbine.The principle of disposition for boiler feed-water pumps: three sets of feed-water pumps are equipped, ( A ), another one for standby. Generally, two steam-driven pumps and one。
2012年职称英语复习资料
答．More money would be used by employees in payment of their employees.更多的钱来支付员工的工资
4. An important feature of a society in which people live a long life is that在长寿的人中一个重要的社会特征是——
答．it lacks the curiosity to experiment what is new.是缺乏对新事物的研究精神.
2. )The author mentions all the following as ways of disease prevention EXCEPT作者关于预防疾病除了什么没有提到的是____
答higher survival rate for cancer.更高的癌症存活率
3)The article indicates that more money spent on disease prevention will mean这篇文章表明更多的金钱用于预防疾病将意味着____
答many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly许多人勉强接受低盐无味的食物。
2.The fourth paragraph describes briefly第四段简要介绍了--
答．how to select subjects and what to do in the research．做这方面的研究如何选择主题和怎样去做
职称英语2012年考试
2012年职称英语变化二、2012年教材新增文章（一）阅读判断1.第七篇：Moderate Earthquake Strikes England2.*第十一篇：Computer Mouse（二）概括大意与完成句子1.第六篇：How We Form First Impression2.第十篇：Washoe Learned American Sign Language（三）阅读理解1.第一篇：Telling Tales about People2.第八篇：The Changing Middle Class3.第十篇：A Letter from Alan4.第十一篇：The Development of Ballet5.第十六篇：The Sahara 6.*第十七篇：Eiffel Is an Eyeful（2011年教材中为C级文章）7.*第十八篇：Goal of American Education（2011年教材中为C级文章）8.*第十九篇：The Family9.*第二十篇：Tales of the Terrible Past10.*第二十一篇：Spacing in Animals（2011年教材中为C级文章）11.*第二十二篇：Some Things We Know about Language（2011年教材中为C级文章）12.*第二十三篇：The Only Way Is Up（2011年教材中为C级文章）13.*第二十四篇：Clone Farm（2011年教材中为C级文章）14.*第二十五篇：Income（2011年教材中为C级文章）15.*第二十六篇：Seeing the World Centuries Ago16.*第二十七篇：Importance of Services（2011年教材中为C级文章）17.*第二十八篇：The National Park Service（2011年教材中为C级文章）18.*第二十九篇：Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends（2011年教材中为C级文章）19.*第三十篇："Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead20.*第三十三篇：Oseola McCarty21.+第三十四篇：To Have and Have Not22.+第三十五篇：Going Her Own Way23.+第三十六篇：A Tale of Scottish Rural Life（2011年教材中为B级文章）24.+第三十七篇：Pop Music in Africa25.+第三十八篇：Why So Many Children26.+第三十九篇：Eat to Live（2011年教材中为B级文章）27.+第四十篇：Narrow Escape（2011年教材中为B级文章）28.+第四十七篇：Narrow Escape（四）补全短文1.第九篇：Heat Is Killer2.*第十一篇：Virtual Driver（五）完形填空1.第一篇：A Life with Birds2.第二篇：S Lucky Break3.第三篇：Global Warming4.第四篇：A Success Story5.第五篇：Traffic in Our Cities6*.第六篇：Teaching and Learning 7.*第七篇：The Difference between Man and Computer8.*第八篇：Look on The Bright Side9.*第九篇：The First Bicycle10.*第十篇：Working Mothers11.+第十一篇：School Lunch12.+第十二篇：A Powerful Influence13.+第十三篇：The Old Gate14.+第十四篇：Family History15.+第十五篇：Helen and Martin温馨提示：每年教材中新增篇幅的考试几率非常大，是考试复习的重点！职称英语2012年考试全解析】一、职称英语考试难度自1996年推出职称英语考试，根据人事考试网提供的数据来看，全国每年的通过率平均在60%左右。
国家电网职称英语题库2012版_阅读理解带答案
阅读理解Passage 1Have you ever seen a moon……1. To what do we compare….D. A11 of these2. The main purpose…..A. inform3.The author knew….. A. mysterious4.The moon looks bigger if…B. it is near the horizon5.The autumn moon….D. helps farmers see as they harvest their crops Passage 2Strange thing happens to time…….1. The best title….. B. How Time Changes Around the World2. The difference in…..C one hour3. From this selection…...C. is divided into five time zones4.The international date……C. the point where a new day begins5. If you cross……A. ahead one hour in each new time zonePassage 3Holidays in the United States……1. The govemment of the United……C. 3-day2. Workers in the United……D. Tuesday to Friday3.Which statement is NOT…..D. All the workers have a half-month vacation4. The reason why……A. no one can be found to take his place5. Which of the following…….D. Something About the holidays and Vacation in the U.SPassage 4Sarah Winchester was a very………1. What did Sarah keep……C. Making it bigger2. The story says…. A. 7 floors3. Who did the work….C. Carpenters and plumbers and other workers4. How long did…..B. For38 years5. Sarah‟s house was…..C. when she died Passage 5The diner is only……1.What‟s the main….A. The attraction ofdiners to different people2. The purpose of….C. give a summaryof the whole passage3. Why do truck……C. It’s a havenagainst loneliness4. Diners attract….B. many differentkinds of people5. Diners are…..D. fascinatingPassage 6In the past two years……..1.The word ……embrace”……A. make useof2.It can be concluded……D. bicycle saleswill continue to rise3.The bicycle is……A. enjoying a strongrevival4.The reader can….C. concerned withthe quality of their lives5.In the sentence……A. a rapid increasein salePassage 7Doctors have known for…….1.Doctors have long….C. one may losehis hearing when he hears a terriblyloud noise2.This passage suggests…..B. will bedamaged even if he has heard a loudnoise for only little more than onesecond3.According to this….C. makes hearingdamage from loud noise worselions of Americans…..D. take toomuch aspirin5.The purpose of…..D. whether aspirinwould increase the temporary hearingdamage from loud noisesPassage 8Just two months ago……1. Ana realizes that……B. she must dowell on the exam2. Ana has been…..A. seven years3. Ana experiences difficulty…..C. theprofessor’s lectures4. Ana tells the…..B. her family5. The best main…..C. Ana comesthrough with flying colorsPassage 9Any mistake made in……1. A postage stamp‟s….C. a mistake ismade in the printing2. In 1847 most…..A. not yet usingpostage stamps3. In 1847, the mistake…..C. wording4. $16800 is the…..B. the TwopennyBlue5. The valuable stamps….D. BritishprintersPassage 10In the English educational……..1. The purpose of …D. describe threetests that the English educationalsystem is based on2. The exam for the….A. fifleen3. We may conclude…..A. the exam thatis taken at age eighteen is narrowerthan the other two exams4.The passage suggests….B. schooling isvery closely controlled in England5. As used in the…..A. to take the riskPassage 11For centuries, in the countries1. What can we know….B. It is hard totame them.2.Thailand was once…B. white elephantwas a national symbol until the 1920s3.Why is the Thai….A. Because theelephants are no longer useful to theirowners.4.Which of the…..D. Today the elephantpopulation is estimated at 5150.5. The passage is…..C. a research reportPassage 12The communications explosion……1. By saying that….C. display theinfluence of communications on life2. The author most….B. amazing3. Which of the…..C. The low-orbitsatellites would replace towers andpoles functionally.4.According to the….A. talk and seeeach other no matter where we are5.The phrase “each one”….B. each carPassage 13Many private institutions……1. According to the…. D. theircharacteristics2. The author used…..A. get intodifficulties3. We can reasonably….B. privateschools4. Which of the….D. Private schools aremore profitable than public schools5. Which of the…..C. Nationalawareness and support.Passage 14Japan is getting tough about…..1. According to the….C. the consumers2. Which of the following….B. It retainsits original strength throughreprocessing.3. According to the…..B. a kind ofplastics with different integration ineach layer4. In the passage….C. 21-inch TV withmagnesium case isn’t very popular sofar5. The author writes….A. informPassage 15A friend of mine……1. The author thought….C. 1ike hisfriend, he also thought life was unfair2. Surrendering to the…..D. make asknow it’s our duty to perfect things3. The second paragraph….A. it’s nice toaccept the injustice of life4. In the last paragraph…..B. 1ife isn’tand won’t be fair5. From the passage…..A. positivePassage 16People appear to be…….1.What does the…..A.The development of mathematical ability in children2.From the passage…..B.begin to master simple counting soon after they learn to walk and talk3. In this passage……D. objective4. According to the…….A. didn’t think5.Which of the….A.Children 1cam mathematics naturally and easily. Passage 17The small coastal…….1. The first two…..D. Broome is simple but vast2. Sun Pictures is…..B. the audience call either sit on chairs or on the grass3. Gregory Peck is ……C. a movie star4. The “non-ticket holder”……C. all insect which comes to the theater by incident5. It can be inferred……C. the Sun PicturesPassage 18A new technology is going…….1. As is indicated……B. is still under development2. The new technology…..C. it is being cultivated in research labs around the world3. What does the author……D. Dramatic4. From the passage…..A. Asian scientists gain the lead in the growth of the new technology5.Which of the following…..B. Superconductivity：A New Technology Passage 19More surprising, perhaps……1.By calling Americans…..B.more Americans prefer marriage and at a younger age than Europeans2.From the first…..A.traditional marriage now runs into difficulty3.Which of the following….D.Many types of family rearrangements havebecome socially acceptable4.“Part-time”children…..C.are sharedbetween the two former spouses5.Even though great…..C. the vastmajority of Americans still have faith inmarriagePassage 20People become quite…….1. The word “repulsive”…..A. disgusting2. We can infer from…..B. was angrybecause they might damage his belovedplants3. The author finds…..C. are the mostcontroversial food4. The best title of…..A. One Mail’sMeat is Another Mall’s Poison5. As indicated in the….B. they learn toeat certain foods in their familiesPassage 21All the useful energy…….1. The sun is the source…..C. atomicpower2. Radiant energy is…..A. plants3. The sun‟s energy……C. water4. The largest part….B. absorbed by theearth’s atmosphere.5. Of the sun‟s total…..D. a very smallportionPassage 22The market is a concept……1. Which of the following….B. What isthe Market?2. All of the following….C attending anight school3. You are buying…..D. dine at arestaurant4. The word “real” in…..D. concrete5. In what way is…..A. It tells you whatto producePassage 23X-rays were first discovered……1. What puzzled Rontgen….B. someradiation coming through the coveredtube2. The screen didn‟t…..A. it was movedto the next room3. Rontgen put his hand….C. find outmore about the rays4. The rays proved to be…..C. bone5. From the passage…..A. invisiblePassage 24“Body clocks” are biological……1. According to the….A. one can helpmaintain balance in the “body clock”2. Irregular signs shown….B. possibleillnesses3. We tend to do physical…..D. our bodyis most active then4. The author suggests…..A. at night5. According to the….B. every hour inthe day timePassage 25Plastics are materials……1. The word “sympathetic”…..B.agreeable2. It can be concluded…..D. plastics arecheap as antiques3. Which of the following….A. Carbon4. Plastics that harden…..D.thermosetting5. Which of the following…..C. TheDevelopment of Plastics as a ModemMaterialPassage 26When we analyze the…….1.This passage mainly……B. the causesof the variation in oceanic salinity2.It can be inferred……C. evaporation3.Which of the following ……C.Formation of sea ice4.Which of the following…..D. Thetemperature of the water has much todo with the oceanic salinity.5.The purpose of …..A. to give anexample of cold-water salinityPassage 27The science of meteorology………1. Which of the following…..C.Approaches to the Science ofMeteorology2. The predictions of …..B. preparationand study of weather maps3. Which of the following….D. Sports4. The author implies…..B. greaterprotection of human life and property5. In the last sentence….C. mathematicsand physicsPassage 28As we have seen…….1. Today medical care…..C. removingpeople’s bad li ving habits2. In the first paragraph…..A. good healthis more than not being ill3. Traditionally, a person….D. is freefrom any kind of disease4. According to the author…..B. to striveto maintain the best possible health5. According to what….C. People whotry to be as healthy as possible,regardless of their limitations.Passage 29If you want to teach……1. If a mother adds…..D. the child mayfeel that he owes her an apology2. According to the author…..B. I’maware you’re upset. but I'm not toblame3. It is not advisable….C. it is vague andineffective4. We learn from the….B. their agesshould be taken into account5. It can be inferred……D. not as simpleas it seemsPassage 30Scratchy throats, stuffy noses……1. According to the author….A. shortenthe duration of the illness2. We learn from ……D.over-the-counter drags can be taken toease the misery caused by a cold or theflu3. According to the passage……C. one should take medicine upon catching the disease4. Which of the following…..B. A high temperature5. If children have flu-like…..A. are advised not to give them aspirin Passage 31Sign has become a scientific……1. The study of sign…..B. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of language2. The present growing…..C. an English teacher in a university for the deaf3. According to Stokoe…..B. a genuine language4. Most educators objected…..D. a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds5. Stokoe‟s argument is…..D. 1anguage isa product of the brainPassage 32It is hard to track the…..1. The passage is…A. the civilian use ofa military detection system2. The underwater….D. to trace and locate enemy vessels3. The deep-sea….D. the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting sound4. It can be inferred…..B military technology has great potential in civilian use5. Which of the…..B. It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists Passage 33You never see them….1. What does the…..D. It is an indispensable device on all airplane.2. What information…..A. Data for analyzing the cause of the crash.3. Why was the black…..C. The early models often got damaged in the crash4. Why did the Federal….C. To make them easily identifiable5. What do we know…..A. There is still a good chance of their being recovered Passage 34New technology links the……1. What is the author‟s…..D. Positive2. With the increased….C. are attaching more importance to their overseas business3. In this passage…..C. missing opportunities for promotion when abroad4. According to the passage…..B. Ability to speak the client’s language.5. The advantage of …….A. better control the whole negotiation process。
2012年职称英语考试六大题型备考攻略(精品)
2012年职称英语考试六大题型备考攻略正值2012年职称英语考试全国各地报名之际，同时如何有效的准备职称英语的复习，也是当下广大考生最为关心的问题。
新东方在线网络课堂职称英语辅导名师李玉技根据多年职称英语考试辅导经验，对2012职称英语考试总体情况做了全面的分析，供考生参考。
一、2012年职称英语考试六大题型难度分析六大题型的难度是不一样的，如果将题型的难度由难到易做排序的话，难度最大的是第五个题型补全短文。
补全短文是公认的难度最大的题型，该题型是在一篇文章中挖掉5个句子，然后增加1个左右的干扰选项，要求考生在排除干扰选项的情况下，把这5个句子按照文章出现的先后顺序回归到文章中原来的位置上，一般考生在此题型上得分并不高。
难度排名第二的是阅读判断题型。
阅读判断虽然只有7分（在卷中是第16-22题），但难度相当大，因为这种题型对传统考试思维提出了很大的挑战，选项中除了对、错的选项，还有“未提及”的选项。
对于考生来说，未提及选项是非常难把握的。
排名第三的是阅读理解题型。
阅读理解题型占考试分值最大（每道题3分，共15道题），共45分，因为分值比较重要，所以把它排在第三位。
难度排名第四的是概括大意与完成句子题型。
该题型实际上是将一篇文章的题目做了2遍，一方面要求考生概括文章的段落大意，另一方面要在文章中补全句子。
这种题型得到了各大考试的追捧，比如说考研英语二及英语四级考试。
难度排名第五的是完形填空题型。
完型填空题型难度一般排在英语考试中第一位的，但由于职称考试完形填空一般出自教材中的文章，这种题型主要考查的是对词汇的用法。
职称英语考试中难度最小的是词汇选项题型，词汇选项题型在职称考试中就是选同义词，考生只要通过查词典的方式就可以解决，一般考生都可以得到12分左右。
二、2012年职称英语考试六大题型学习方法每类题型都有适合自己的学习和答题技巧下面我们将分别介绍：首先第一部分是词汇选项(15分)，主要是找同义词。
2012职称英语理工类高频考点词汇复习汇总
2012职称英语理工类高频考点词汇复习汇总为了帮助广大考生有效备考2012年全国职称英语理工类考试，小编特编辑整理了职称英语考试复习资料，希望对您系统掌握2012年职称英语理工类考试的重点内容，顺利通过职称英语考试有所帮助。
1)动词词组根据其后的搭配又可分为①动+名;②动+介;③动+副;2)后接动名词的固定搭配、形容词词组、易混词组动词+名词形式have/gain access to可以获得gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于take advantage of利用，趁…之机do/try one's best尽力，努力make the best of充分利用，妥善处理catch one's breath屏息，歇口气take care of照顾，照料take charge of担任，负责take a delight in以…为乐take…into account考虑pay the way for为...铺平道路pay attention to注意get the best of 胜过get the.better of打败，致胜take care小心.当心take a chance冒险一试keep company with与…交往make a/the difference有影响，很重要put into effect实行，生效take effect生效，起作用keep an eye on留意，照看find fault埋怨，挑剔come/go into force生效，实施be friends with对…友好，与…交上朋友keep one's head保持镇静carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用come/go into effect生效，实施catch one eye引人注目make a face做鬼脸catch fire着火make friends交朋友，友好相处make fun of取笑，嘲弄lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get hold of抓住，掌握throw/cast light on使明白，阐明have…in mind记住，考虑到，想到come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转keep/hold pace with跟上，与...同步take place发生，进行come to the point说到要点，扼要地说get/learn by heart记住，背诵keep house管理家务，做家务bear/keep in mind记住make up one's mind下决心put…in order整理，检修play a part in起作用take the place of代替bring/carry into practice实施，实行make progress进步，进展make sense讲得通，有意义keep in touch保持联系lose touch失去联系put…to use使用，利用lead the way带路，引路make way让路，开路give rise to引起，使发生catch the sight of发现，突然看见take one's time不急不忙，从容进行keep track通晓事态，注意动向make use of利用give way让路，让步make one's way前进，进行keep one's word遵守诺言attempt at企图，努力interference in干涉appeal to呼吁，要求attitude to/towards态度，看法influence on影响interference with妨碍，打扰introduction to介绍lots of大量，很多a matter of(关于...)的问题reply to回答，答复a lot(of)许多(的)，大量(的)fall in love with相爱，爱上a number of若干，许多a series of一系列，一连串credit card信用卡next door隔壁face to face面对面地a few有些，几个a little一点，稍微，一些，少许quite a little相当多，不少the moment(that)一……就I.D.card身份证no doubt无疑，必定out of doors在户外as a matter of fact实际情况，真相quite a few还不少，有相当数目的little by little逐渐地no matter无论no more不再fair play公平竞赛;公平对待rest room厕所，盥洗室side by side肩并肩，一个挨一个step by step逐步all the time一直，始终once in a while偶尔，有时word for word逐字地in demand有需要，销路好primary school小学heart and soul全心全意ahead oftime提前once upon a time从前no wonder难怪，怪不得decline with thanks婉言谢绝动词+介词形式account for说明(原因等)allow for考虑到arrive at达成，得出ask for请求，要求begin with从开始break off断绝，结束break up中止，结束;打碎，折断aim at瞄准，针对appeal to呼吁，要求ask after询问，问候attach to附属于，隶属于break into闯入break through突破bring about带来，造成bring down打倒，挫伤;降低bringforth产生，提出bringforward提出bring up教育，培养，使成长call for邀请;要求，需求call off放弃，取消call on/upon访问，拜访;号召，呼吁care for照管，关心;喜欢，意欲early on继续下去;从事，经营come to总计，达到;苏醒，复原count up把…相加bring out使出现;公布;出版build up积累;堵塞;树立，逐步建立;增进;锻炼call forth唤起，引起;振作起，鼓起catch at抓住(东西)call up召集，动员;打电话carry off夺去来源：考试大carry out贯彻，执行;实现count on依靠;期待，指望cover up掩饰，掩盖deal with处理，对付，安排fill in/out填充，填定get into进入，陷入go into进入;研究，调查go through经历，经受;详细检查go without没有...也行keep to保持，坚持live up to不辜负cut across走捷径，抄近路do without没有...也行get at得蓟，接近;意思是go after追求go for竭力想到得;喜爱;支持，拥护go with伴随，与…协调improve on改进lie in在于live on/by靠…生活，以…为食look after照管，照料look for寻找，寻求look over检查.查看，调查make for走向，驶向;有助于play with以...为消遣，玩弄run for竞选see to注意，负责，照料，修理live through度过，经受过look at看望，注视look into调查，观察，过问;窥视look through仔细查看，浏览，温习occur to被想到，被想起refer to参考，查阅，涉及，提到run into撞上，偶然碰见send for派人去请，召唤;索取send in呈报，递交，送来set aside挑出，拨出，留出;拒绝stand by支持，帮助;袖手旁观stand against反抗，抵抗take after与…相像take in接受，吸收;了解，理解touch on关系到，涉及turn to变成;求助于，借助于serve as作为，用作sit for参加stand for代替，代表，意味着stick to坚持，忠于，信守take for把…认为是，把…看成是take to喜欢，亲近turn into变成turn off关上：出产;解雇break down损坏，分解，瓦解break in闯入;打断;插嘴break out光出;突然发生，爆发burn out烧掉catch on理解，明白check out结账后离开;检验，核查cheer up使高兴，使振奋clear up收拾;澄清;放come off实现，成功，奏效come out出版;出现，显露;结果是bring to使恢复知觉burn up烧起来，旺起来;烧完check in办理登记手续check up(on)校对，检查，检验clear away扫除，收拾make it clear that弄清楚come on来吧，快点;出场，上演come round(around)来访;苏醒，复原come up走近，上来;发生，被提出cut back削减，减少cut in(汽车)抢道;插嘴，打断cut out删除die down渐渐消失，平息draw in(火车、汽车)到站dress up穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮dry out干透，使干come through经历，脱脸cross out删去，取消cut down削减，降低cut off切断;删去;停止cut short突然停止die out消失，来绝draw up写上，画上;草拟;停住drop bv/in顺便来访dry up干涸，枯竭drop off减弱，减少fall behind落后fall throug}l落空，失败find out查明get around/round走动，旅行;(消息)传开get by通过，经过get in进入;收获，收集get over克服;(从病中)恢复过来have got to(do)不得不，必须drop out退出，离队fall out争吵;结果是feed in输入get across解释清楚，使人了解get away逃脱，离开get down从...下来;写下get off从…下来;离开，动身，开始get through结束，完成;接通电话get together集合，聚集give away泄露;分送give in交上，投降，屈服give out分发，放出go ahead开始，前进;领先go down下降，降低;被载人，传下去got out外出;熄灭go round/around足够分配go through通过，审查，完成get up起床;增加，增强give back送还，恢复give off放出，释放give up停止，放弃go by过去go off爆炸，发射;动身，离开go over检查，审查;复习，重温go under下沉，沉没;失败;破产go up上升，增加;建起hand in交上，递交hand out分发，散发，发给hang about闲荡，徘徊，逗留hand down流传下来，传给，往下传hand on传下来，依次传递hand over交出，移交，让与hang back犹豫，踌躇，畏缩hang on抓紧不放，继续下去have back要回，收回hold back踌躇，退缩;阻止，抑制hold out维持，支持;坚持，不屈服hang up挂断(电话)have on穿着，戴着hold on继续，握住不放hold up举起，阻挡，使停止;抢劫hurry up(使)赶快，迅速完成keep down控制，压制，镇压;压低keep up保持，维持;继，坚持let in让...进入，放…进来let out放掉，放出，发出look back回顾，回头看look on旁观，观看;看待，视作look in顺便看望make out of用…做，从…得出keep back阻止，阻挡;隐瞒，保留keep off不接近，避开let down放下，降低;使失望let off放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)line up排队，使排成一行look out留神，注意，提防，警惕look up查阅，查考;寻找(某人) make out辨认，区分;理解，了解make up构成，拼凑;赔偿;化装pass away去世，逝世pass to转到，讨论，传到pay back偿还，回报pay down即时交付，用现金支付mix up混淆，混合，搞糊涂pass off中止，停止pass out失去知觉，昏倒pay off还清(债)pay up全部付清pick out选出，挑出，拣出;辨认pick up拾起，(偶然)得到;(车船)中途搭(人)，学会pull down拆毁.拉倒;拉下，降低pull in(车)停下，进站，船(到岸)pull on穿，戴pull together齐心协力put aCrOSS解释清楚，说明put away放好，收好;储存put forward提出put on穿上，戴上;上演;。
电力行业职称考试英语词汇资料
第一部分：代码、缩写与词汇●ANSI代码●缩写：1.可编程控制器PLC2.人机接口HMI, MMI3.电流互感器CT/TA4.电压互感器PT/TV5.数字输入/数字输出DI/DO6.模拟量输入/输出AI/AO7.电压调节器AVR8.监测控制与数据采集SCADA9.中控制CCR10.工程师工作站EWS11.操作员工作站OPS12.输入输出I/O13.光纤收发器FOT14.开关S/W15.工厂验收试验FAT16.接地GND17.视频显示器VDU18.增/减INCR/DECR19.小型断路器MCB20.塑壳断路器MCCB21.最大/最小MAX/MIN22.常开/常闭NO/NC23.机组控制屏UCB24.可编程控制器PLC25.分布式控制系统DCS26.同期Sync27.自动Auto28.高压/中压/低压HV/MV/LV29.直流DC30.交流AC31.只读存储器ROM32.随机存储器RAM33.中央处理器CPU34.液晶显示器LCD35.发光二极管LED36.美国国家标准协会ANSI37.国际小水电中心IC-SHP38.不间断电源UPS39.工程总包EPC40.华自HNAC词汇：1.开机Start2.停机Stop3.紧急停机Emergency Shutdown4.现场试验Site Test5.出厂试验Factory Test6.常规实验Routine test7.型式试验Type test8.故障Fault/failure9.电流Current10.电压Voltage11.跳闸Trip12.合闸Close13.电池Battery14.传感器Sensor15.遥控Remote control16.手控Manual control17.自动控制Automatic control18.现地Local19.熔断器Fuse20.装机容量Installed capacity21.发电机Generator22.变压器Transformer23.水轮机Turbine24.调速器Governor25.开关设备Switchgear26.断路器Breaker27.污水处理Water treatment28.车间Workshop29.电缆Cable30.水轮机Turbine31.调速器Governor32.相Phase33.冗余Redundancy34.短路Short circuit35.配电Distribution36.屏柜Panel /cubicle37.触摸屏Touch screen38.额定值Rating/ Rated Value39.二极管Diode40.报警Alarm41.馈线Feeder42.接地Ground/ Earth43.中控室Centre Control Room44.无人值班水电站Unattended Hydropower Station45.技术的Technical46.供水Water supply47.数字式继电器Digital relay48.元件Component, part49.指示器Indicator50.风机Fan51.电压表Voltmeter52.电流表Ammeter53.电度表Energy meter54.升压/降压Step up/step down55.泵站Pump station56.闭锁Block57.备用Spare58.热备用Hot standby59.绝缘Insulation60.调试Debug61.整流桥Rectifier bridge62.脉冲Pulse63.母联Bus bar64.避雷器Arrestor65.单线图Single line diagram66.打印机Printer67.仪表Meter68.参数Data69.布局Layout70.故障Fault /failure71.接线图Wiring diagram72.测量Measure73.温升Temperature rise74.定值Setting75.绕组Winding76.电容器Capacitor77.隔离开关Disconnector78.伺服电动机Servo motor79.充电Charge80.放电Discharge81.有功功率/无功功率Active power/reactive power, P/Q82.输电线路Transmission line83.采样Sampling84.软件Software85.硬件Hardware86.功率因素Power factor87.水头head88.流量Discharge/flow89.制动Brake90.发电室Powerhouse91.通信Communication92.正常Normal93.异常Abnormal94.维护Maintenance95.服务器Server96.信号Signal97.命令Command/order98.电气的Electrical99.机械的Mechanical100.接口Interface第二部分：句子1.保护设备的结构设计得很好。
2012职称英语全攻略(最新整理)
2012年职称英语必过解题技巧全攻略第一部分词汇选项题词汇选项题一共15题，每题要求在四个词汇中选出一个最接近给出句子中的划横线单词的单词（近义词或同义词）；这部分题目由于可以带字典进入考场，它是“送分题”，所以，必须保证这部分拿到满分。
做这一部分题最好做到“又准又快”，一般做这一部分题掌握在20分钟以内，如果花的时间太多，这就说明对这部分题目的做题思路和技巧还没有一个全面的了解和掌握。
当然，做这15题，“快而不准”是很笨的做法，如果稳拿15分，就是花多点时间也是很值得的。
词汇选项题，根据近两三年的考试经验，其在《考试用书》中要求掌握的词汇中出现的单词占的比例较重，因此，这部分题目除了《考试用书》中要求掌握的8个词汇外，实际要求我们查字典的只有6个左右的单词，无论如何，在20分钟内查6个单词，掌握了方法是绝对没问题的。
所以，这种题其实就是简单的查字典题。
1、做题步骤技巧：（1）先熟后生：把15道题的划线单词浏览一遍，并迅速勾出《考试用书》中要求掌握的单词的答案，有印象就可以选了；（2）一步到位：对于陌生的划线单词，直接查字典。
2、、做题技巧：（1）一步到位，只看划横线单词和选项单词。
直接把有语境的句子翻译题一步变成在五个单词中查找两个同义或近义词的题。
（2）采用词性排除法进行排除选项。
对于陌生划线单词，也不要急于直接查字典。
应先根据划线单词的词性对选项进行排除。
根据是词性一致原则：A、词性一致原则：也就是划线单词是名词、动词、形容词还是副词，其选项也应是相应的名词、动词、形容词或副词；B、名词单（复）数一致原则：也就是划线单词若是（不）可数名词，其选项也对应是（不）可数名词；可数名词是单（复）数，其选项也应是单（复）数；但要注意，有些可数名词的单复数形式是一样的；C、动词及物（vt.）或不及物（vi.）应一致原则：也就是划线单词若是（不）及物动词，其选项也对应是（不）及物动词；D、时态语态一致原则：也就是划线动词是什么时态或语态，其选项就应是相同的时态或语态，但要注意不规则动词；E、意思相同或最接近原则，这是最基本的原则，只有意思相近的词才有可能被选中。
2012职称英语理工B级必考资料-看后必过
第一部分：词汇词汇11、will you……….call may (phone)2、we’ll give……..space to (room)3、I have to go at once (immediately)4、The policemen……identify……(name)5、W e were…….occurred (happened)6、It took me…plete……(finish)7、The herd medicine eventually……(finally)8、We had along conversation….(talk)9、please let me…….attend…(go to)10、He have made up his mind…..(decided)11、you teacher….account…..(consideration)12、We have to put up with….(tolerate)13、They have given up……..(abandoned)14、I seldom watch TV (rarely)15、The dentist……take out …..(extract)词汇22、photojournalist coverage…(reportage)3、Below 600…..dimly….(faintly)4、“I’m not…..”mildly…..(gently)5、In 1861 it…inevitable……(certain)6、Many of novelist….isolated…(solitary)7、The workers… called off…(cancelled)8、John has…made up his mind….(decided)9、I catch…now and then (occasionally)10、He often finds fault with…(criticizes)11、The little…grasped….(took hold of)12、In judging…consideration…..(account)13、I can no….tolerate…(put up with)14、The doctors….abandoned……(given up)15、Have you….lately?(recently)词汇31、Even in a highly…..,manual…..(physical)2、+3、Many residents…….(occupants)4、The steadily………(continuously)5、Hundreds of……remedy…(cure)6、John Hanson…..draft……(formulate)7、Practically all……(Almost)8、Sulphur…occasionally….(sometimes)9、When doves…..try…(test)10、I rarely….(seldom)11、When she……readily….. (willingly)12、The dentist…..extract…(take out) 13、Y ou must shine…(polish)14、The majority……decent…(honest)15、A deadly…….(fatal)词汇41、Many fine…insist on….(demand)2、since the…….damaging (harmful)3、Cement…seldom…..(rarely)4、Nerve….speeds..(velocities)5、The poet…physician…(doctor)6、Medicine…particularly (especially)7、We shall…safe (secure)8、An important…a branch (a division)9、The child’s…abnormal (unusual)10、There is an abundant…(a plentiful)11、In order…accelerate..(step up)12、Gas..accumulate…(collect)14、Her…..childish (immature)词汇51、They hav e….appalling….(dreadful)2、I wasn’t…..anyhow (anyway)3、He achieved….(attained)4、The standards…..capabilities….(abilities)5、The army….in conjunction…..(together)6、His claims..credible…(convincing)7、Jack…diligent…(hardworking)8、society is….diverse…(varied)词汇61、With immense……(enormous)2、The scientists accumulate….(build up)3、When jack…overtook…..(passed)4、Because of…..advisable….(wise)5、Data from…..puzzle…(mystery)6、He rolled…exhibit…(show)7、Why can’t……eternal…(everlasting)词汇71、Loud noises…annoying (irritating)2、Human….de-liberately (intentionally)3、The constitution’s vague …..(imprecise)4、The expedition summit….10:30(top of the mountain)5、While….1970…ban (forbid)6、Gambling is lawful….(legal)7、They always mock…..(lugh at)8、These are…motives….(reasons)9、His new…omitted…..(failed)10、Guests were scared……(frightened)词汇81、He was one…anizers…(planner)2、The little boy…mighty…(very strong)3、The stories..authentically…(genuineely)4、Formulated..1832…asserted….(statedfirmly5、Smoking is…permitted (allowed)6、The chairman proposed….(suggested)7、I feel regret…..(sorry)8、She has……relied….(depended on)9、John removed……(took off)词汇91、Although……..an improved….(a better)2、There is ……breaks…..(beats)3、The attack…provoked….(elicited)4、Illinois….gangsters…(violent criminals)5、The towers….framework..(skeleton)6、The use of…hazard….(danger)7、Many….lure….(attraction)8、The……densely (compactly)9、The leading…..fascinated…(intrigued)10...They…settle…(solve)11…We….shocked……(surprised)词汇101、The …..uneasy (anxious)2、It is….demolished (pulled down)3、The….adverse (unfavorable)4、He…..concise…(short and clear)5、The…courteous….(respectful)6、The…invaluable…(extremely useful)7、The…insane….(crazy)8、Inhis..exhaustive(extremely thorough)9、Not….abided by..(adhered to)10...Examination… without bias (fairly)11.. The…terminated(put an end to)第二部分：新增文章篇目阅读理解（2篇）*第三＋八篇 "Li f e Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空（3篇）*第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks f or Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins Wi th Fas t Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Li f e Form Found" on Saturn's Titan阅读理解Scientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1on the Saturn's moon2. T he discovery of a sort of lif e w as announced after researchers at the US space agency,NAS A3,analyzed data from s pacecraf t Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based f orm of lif e on Saturn's biggest moon.…………………………段落省略"Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice af ter all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of w ork to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."练习：1 .What have scientists f ound about Saturn?C、 They have f ound methane-based life on Ti tan.2. What do scientists say about Titan?A 、There are li f e clues there.3. To date,scientists have not yet detected this f orm of lif e.(paragraph 5)What does"this f ormof lif e" ref er to?B 、Methan e-based lif e.4. What can be inf erred from w hat Allen said?A、Scien tis ts have di ff eren t arguments over whether there is li fe on Ti tan.5. Which of the f ollow ing can replace the title of this passage?D、 A di fferen t Li fe Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the w ay kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the ………………………………………………段落省略"This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger s ample6," s aid David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D 、Female teachers' con f idence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B 、A di ff icul t sub jec t like math may affec t teachers' conf idence in teaching the sub jec t.3. According to the experiment,those teachers w ere probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sal es receip t.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA 、prove a strong l ink between f emal e teachers' math anxiety and their f emal e s tuden ts' mathachievemen ts.5. David Geary thinks thatB、 the research results need to b e retes ted based on a larger sample.完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks f or Unprepared CitiesA new examination of urban policies has been 1、carried out recently by Patricia Romero Lankao．She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 、urban development．She w arns that many of the w orld’s fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries．will likely s uff er from the impacts of changing c limate．Her work also concludes that most cities are f ailing to 3、reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4、gases．These gases are known to aff ect the atmosphere．”Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the grow ing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing eff ective strategies to5、pro tec t their residents."C ities are 6、major sources of greenhouse gases．And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely aff ected by f uture climate change. Lankao’s f indings highlight ways in w hich city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could off er immediate and longer-term 7 、benefi ts．The locations and dense construction patterns of cities of ten place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8、threats associated w ith climate include storm surges and prolonged hot w eather. Storm surges can f loodcoastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9、heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas．The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment．For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems．Poorer neighborhoods that may 10、lac k basic facilities such as drinking w ater or a dependable netw ork of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters．Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11、wi thout access to reliable drinking w ater，roads and basic services.Local governments, 12、theref ore ,should takeme asures to protect their residents.”Unfortunately，they tend to move tow ards rhetoric 13、rather than meaningf ul responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don't emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 、 au tomobile use. I n f act, manylocal governments are taking a hands—off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 、idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmf ul eff ects of climate change on cities.*第十二篇 Free S tatins With Fas t Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast f ood outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1、charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial CollegeLondon 2、sugges t in a newstudy．Statins reduce the 3 、 amoun t of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A w ealth of trial data has proven them to be highly eff ective at lowering a person’s heart attack 4 、risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk off ered by a statin is 5、enough to off set the increase in heart attack risk from 6、eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake．Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，w ho is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11of the 7、unhealthy eff ects of cheeseburgers and French fries．I t’s b etter to avoid fatty f ood altogether．But w e’ve w orked out that in terms of your 8、possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same 9、degree as a fast food meal inc reases it.”“It’s ironic th at people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in f ast food outletsas they 10、like , but s tatins, w hich are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to makerisk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11、provided free of c harge．It w ould cost less than 5pence per 1 2、 cus tomer 一not muchdiff erent to a sachet of s ugar.” Dr Francis said．When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking,they’re encou raged to take 13、measures that low er their risk, 1ike 14 wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes w ith f ilters. Taking a statin is a rational w ay of 1 5、lowering some of the risks of eating a f atty meal．二阅读判断A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned（一）Inventor of LED（LED的发明者）1.Holonyak's colleagues thought he would fail in his research on LEDs at the time when he started it. A2.Holonyak believed that his students that were working with him on the project would get the Lemelson-MIT Prize sooner or later. C3.Holonyak was the inventor of the transistor in the early 1950s. B4.Holonyak believed that LEDs would become very popular in the future. A5.Holonyak said that you should not do anything you are not interested in. C6.Edith Flanigen is the only co-inventor of LEDs. C7.The Lemelson-MIT Prize has a history of over 100 years. B（二）EI Nino（厄尔尼诺）1.The method used by the Columbia University researchers can predict El Nino a few months in advance. B2.The Columbia University researchers studied the relationship between the past El Nino occur-rences and sea-surface temperatures. A3.The Columbia University researchers are the first to use sea-surface temperatures to match-the past El Nino occurrences. C4.Weare's contribution in predicting El Nino was highly praised by other meteorologists. C5.According to a Chinese report, the flooding in China caused by El Nino in 1991 and 1997 affected 200 million Chinese people. B6.It takes about, eight months for El Nino to reach its peak. A7.A special institute has been set up in. America to study El Nino. C（三）Smoking（抽烟）1.It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. B2.Smoking reduces one's .life expectancy. A3.Smoking may induce lung cancer. A4.There is evidence that smoking is responsible for breast cancer. C5.Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. B6.Nicotine is poisonous.A7. Filters and low tar tobacco make' smoking safe. B （四）Engineering Ethics（工程道德）1.Engineering ethics is a compulsory subject in every institute of science and technology in the United States. C2.The. number of students wishing to take the course of engineering ethics is declining at TexasA&M University. B3.The National Science Foundation involves itself directly in writing up material about ethical issues. B4.It seems that medical ethics and business ethics are more mature than engineering, ethics. A5.Several engineering professors have quit from teaching to protest against the creation of a new course in engineering ethics. C6.Many engineering professors may not have time to prepare material for class discussion on, professional ethics. A7.It is likely that following this introductory passage, the author will provide the necessary material related to the topic of engineering ethics. A（五）Rescue platform（救生平台）1. A rescue platform called the Eagle is capable of moving vertically but not sideways. B2.The four propellers are fitted horizontally to the Eagle.A3.With the help of jet engines the Eagle can fly at a speed of 100 miles an hour. C4.In the third paragraph, the word helicopter refers to the Eagle. B5.The more jet engines are fitted to the propellers, the more people the platform can carry. C6.In the wake of 'September 11, Mr. Metreveli has secured enough funding to build up .a small-scale model of the Eagle to test his idea. B7.Mr. Metreveli is designing for Israel a more advanced form of rescue platform than the Eagle or the Eaglet. C （六）Microchip research center created（微芯片研究中心成立）1.The country says that.. the investment of US $14 million is big enough for developing that country's chip industry. B2.That country gives top priorities to developing chips for military purposes. C3. Although the licensing fees are not very high, that Far Eastern country cannot afford to pay. B4.Many western countries ban the exporting of the most advanced chip-making technologies to that country to prevent them from being used for military purposes. A5.Currently, almost all the flagship chipmakers in that country are owned by American investors. C6. Mainstream chip production technology develop rapidly.A7.More than 10 chip plants being built in that country are an example of self-reliance. B（七）Moderate earthquake strikes England（中度地震袭击英国）1.During the April 28 earthquake, the whole England was left without power. B2.The Channel Tunnel was closed, for 10 hours after the earthquake occurred. C3.It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured, but not seriously. A4.France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors. C5.The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580. B6.Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A7.It can be inferred from the passage -that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A（八）Easy learning（容易的学习）1.Babies can learn language even in their sleep. A2.An infant can recognize a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old. C3.Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish. C4.The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds.A5.The study shows that the infant's cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep. A6.If an adult wants to learn a language faster, he can put a language tape under his pillow. B7.Cheour's finding is worthless. B（九）Dangers await babies with altitude（高海拔地区的婴儿有危险）1.According to the passage, one of the reasons why newborns in mountain communities are underweight is that their mothers are under-nourished. B2.Giussani's team members are all British researchers and professors from Cambridge University. C3.Giussani did not expect to find that the weight of a baby had little to do with the financial conditions of the family he was born into. A4.The weight of a newborn has to do with the supply of oxygen even when he was still in his mother’s womb. A5.High-altitude babies have heads that are larger than their bodies. B6.High-altitude babies have longer but thinner limbs than average. C7.Giussani has arrived at the conclusion that babies in high-altitude regions are more likely to have heart trouble when they grow up. B（十）Irish dolphins may have a unique dialect（爱尔兰海豚可能有独特语言）1.The difference in eating habits between the bottle-nose dolphins and the sperm whales interested the SDWF scientists. C2.Ronan Hickey analysed almost 2,000 different dialects of the bottle-nose dolphins. B3.Of the 32 categories, eight were produced only by the Irish dolphins. A4Whistles could also be used to communicate between adult dolphins and baby dolphins. A5.Sperm whales can produce stronger ultrasonic waves to kill their prey than dolphins. C6.As early as the 6th century, Irish' fishermen started raising dolphins in the Shannon estuary. B7.Irish dolphins attract tourists and over 25,000 people come to see them every year. A（十一）Computer Mouse（电脑鼠标）1.Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. B2.Accroding to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. C3.The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. A4.The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A5.When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. B6.The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. C7.The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts. A（十二）Study Helps Predict big Mediterranean Quake（科学家研究预测地中海地区大地震）1.The fault, which was overlooked before, has been closely studied by scientists. A2.It is fun to identify the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami. B3.Radiocatbon dating techniques can bi used to identify the age of the earth. C4.Scientists predict that the next powerful earthquake in the eastern Mediterranean may take place some time before 2100. A5.Ms. Shaw has her colleagues help her in the study of earthquake prediction. A6.Ms. Shaw measured the movement of either side of the fault to identify the magnitude of the earthquake taking place in AD365. B7.The earthquake prediction devices developed by Ms. Shaw are being widely used in the world. C三、概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours sleep too Much ofa Good Thing课文：1、AIthough…..consequences.2、Investigators…..sleepers.3、These…..This4、Previous….more5、For……functioning6、Kripke……he said练习：1、paragraph 2 （sleep…sleepers）【E】2、paragraph 4 (Dangers…of sleep)【B】3、paragraph 5 (Kripke’s….T ool)【A】4、paragraph 6 (A Way…..Insomnia)【D】5、T o…need to (sleep..than 8 hours)【F】6、Long..likely to (suffer….problems)【E】7、One…..unable to (fall….again) 【A】8、One….of dying (sleep…7hours) 【C】第二篇Soot and soow:a Hot Combination 课文：1、New….past century.2、Soot….sunlight.3、Soot…..New Y ork4、Hansen……and land.5、“Black”….Hansen noted.6、Hansen…..of is century.7、The…sunlight.练习：1、paragraph 3 （Explanation…soot）【C】2、paragraph 4 (Soot’s..Atmosphere)【A】3、paragraph 6(Greenhouse…Warming)【F】4、paragraph 7 (Observations..Hemisphere)【B】5、In…Soot (Contributed..warming)【B】6、Hansen..gases ( still…century)【E】7、Black…..ice (absorb….backgound) 【D】8、A soot….which (produces…magnitude)【A】第三篇Icy Microbes课文：1、In ice…of ice2、A research..to life3、Doran…..on Mars4、Called….seawater.5、That….bacteria6、The…..covering练习：1、paragraph 2 （Antarctic…revived）【E】2、paragraph 3 (Significance…sheet)【A】3、paragraph 4(Accidental….Antarctica)【F】4、paragraph 6 (2004…Specimens)【D】5、Scientists…of ice ( Was of value)【B】6、Scientists ice sheet (may…..of ice)【C】7、What the…in 2004 (is to…analysis) 【E】8、The….lake Vida (is found seawater) 【A】第四篇Compact Disks课文：1、If……wide2、A small…as music3、Digital………codes4、There…CD-ROMs5、CDs….of them6、Science….CD-ROMs练习：1、Paragraphs 1＆2 (CDs..Explained)【D】2、Paragraphs 3 (Digital..Applications)【A】3、Paragraphs 4 (CDs..Formats) 【F】4、Paragraphs 5 (CDs…durable) 【C】5、One…disks (be..on) 【E】6、The...record-ing (take…years) 【B】7、The….CD Player (be ….parts) 【C】8、Space……codes (keep….efficiently)【F】第五篇LED Lighting课文：1、An…lighting2、Michael….of atoms3、When….white glow4、Then…..bulb5、LEDs……to break6、Quantum….a fork练习：1、Paragraphs 1(LED…Lighting) 【B】2、Paragraphs 3 (Bowers…Discovery)【E】3、Paragraphs 5 (LED..Advantages)【D】4、Paragraphs 6 (Almost…Futur) 【C】5、Unlike…so (it is..efficient) 【F】6、Edison’s..because (traditional..dear)【A】7、Something…when (a…dots) 【B】8、Over…2025 if (America…LEDs)【C】第六篇How W e Form First Impression课文：1、We ……..traits2、The……..mean3、If you……wrong4、When…..or freaks5、However……..hunane练习：1、Paragraphs 2(Comparing…Memories)【D】2、Paragraphs 3 (Illustration…Impression)【C】3、Paragraphs 4 (Comment…Impression)【B】4、Paragraphs 5 (Ways…Impressions)【A】5、Sensory….Through(The…Through)【E】6、Y ou…brain(rmation)【D】7、The…to(The..child) 【C】8、We…to (The…cortex) 【B】第七篇：Screen Test1. Every year 。
2012职称英语综合类B阅读重点
B) The Life of the Inuits.
C) Living with Hardship.
D) The Failure of theNuclear Family.
2. A nuclear family is defined as_____.
A) a married couple with their minor children
2012年职称英语考试综合类必备词汇汇总
2012年职称英语考试综合类必备词汇汇总(1)来源：考试吧（）2011-12-19 13:35:57【考试吧：中国教育培训第一门户】模拟考场2012职称英语辅导家庭式培训班要考职称英语基础差,没自制力怎么办,百度推广2012年职称英语考试正在报名阶段，考试吧整理综合类必备词汇供大家练习，祝大家取得好成绩！1.in accord with 与……一致2.with one accord (=with everybody agreeing) 一致地3.in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据4out of one‘s accord with 同……不一致5.(be) abundant in (be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有6.access(to) (不可数名词)能接近，进入，了解7.by accident (=by chance，accidentally) 偶然地，意外。
Without accident (=safely) 安全地8.of one‘s own accord ( =without being asked; willingly; freely) 自愿地，主动地9.abide by (=be faithful to; obey) 忠于;遵守10.be absent from…… 缺席，不在11.absence or mind (=being absent-minded) 心不在焉12.absorb (=take up the attention of) 吸引……的注意力(被动语态);be absorbed in 全神注贯注于……近;be engrossed in; be lost in; be rapt in; be concentrated on; be focused on; be centered on12.on one‘s own account1)为了某人的缘故，为了某人自己的利益2)(=at one‘s own risk) 自行负责3)(=by oneself) 依靠自己on account 赊账;on account of 因为;on no account 不论什么原因也不;of ……account 有……重要性。
2012电力职称英语最新最全
试卷题量说明：第一部分的单项选择仍为30题，但分值由原来的45分降为30分；第二部分的短文判断仍为2篇短文，共10题，分值15分不变；第三部分的补全短文仍为2篇短文，共10题，分值由原来的20分降为15分；第四部分的阅读理解翻倍，由2篇调整为4篇，共20题，分值由原来的20分升到40分。
单项选择1.Although many young people are keen on going abroad, he prefers to stay and work in his own country2. A baby learns to creep before it learns to walk.3.Although her marriage was very unhappy, Mrs. Stephens remained with her husband for thesake of the children.4.After being rescued from the wrecked ship, the people agreed that they had much to be thankful for.5.American blacks were denied equal rights with the whites until the 1970s after many years of hardstruggle.6.After my mother finished cleaning up the house, she went on read today‘s newspaper.7.Although my friends disliked Jenny, I insisted on her coming with us.8.Although she was disabled when she was only six years of age, yet she aimed high, for which herfriends spoke highly of her.9.After the lecture, the students participating in it had a heated discussion on it.10.All those expensive shoes are made by hand.11.Anybody who has broken the law won‘t escape being punished.12.As a result, he succeeded reaching the castle but failed to find the way to enter it.13.As a result of the neglect of all safety rules, the workers were exposed to considerable danger.14.As they crossed Broadway, he came face to face with a new problem.15.After Tom passed his driving test he filled out an application for his driver‘s license.16.Apart from blue eyes, blonde hair is also characteristic of Swedish people.17.As soon as his party came into power , he changed the law.18. A dog was run over by a bus and killed.19.Anything that is dropped falls towards the centre of the earth because of the pull of gravity.20. A really powerful speaker can work up the feeling of the crowd to a fever of excitement.21.An argument was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.22.A(n) desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.23.After flying across the Atlantic, Charles Lindbergh became famous overnight.24.All the workers in the factory are provided with protective hats.25.Baby-sitting is part of an off-camp job.26.But, because Barbary is all that matters to me for the time, I don‘t suggest going away.27.Because he stammered slightly, the other boys made fun of him.28.By way of an excuse he said he was tired.29.By improving his learning habits a（n）average student can be a top one.30.Children are very curious by nature.31.Considering his age, he is unable to take the job.32.Contrary to your prediction, they lost the game.33.Camping facilities include a tent, a sleeping bag, a rucksack, a stove, and so on.34.Can you run off 200 copies of this notice before the post goes?35.Candidates who wish to withdraw from the examination must notify the secretary immediately.36.Can you tell me who can best handle the problem?37.Chinese brown medicine has little side effect.38.Carbon is an element, while carbon dioxide is a compound.39.Do you enjoy reading about the adventures of the great explorer in the African forests?40.Despite all the heated arguments they had, they remained the best of friends throughout their lives.41.Don‘t quarrel about small things.42.Do you like these shoes? ---No, show me some other43.Don‘t eat anything that will spoil your appetite for dinner.44.Don‘t judge a crime until you know all the circumstances.45.Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records ate often as good as or better than an actualperformance.46.Do you know when and where the sports meeting was to be held.47.Don‘t make fun of her, John. Can‘t you see she is in tears?48.Einstein was a mathematical genius49.Everyone seemed to turn a blind eye to the rubbish on the floor.50.Every evening after supper, my parents would go out for a walk.51.Every government that refuses to meet the needs of its people must accept the consequences.Theinfected girl was isolated from the rest of the family.52.―Enjoy yourselves, children,‖ Mother urged the guests at out party.53.Failure to communicate resulted in the high divorce rate.54.Followed by his students, the teacher entered the classroom.55.From his appearance we may safely conclude that he is a heavy smoker.56.For all his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.57.Five years ago the pox wiped out the population of the island.58.For what reason did she quarrel with you ?59.Far from admiring his paintings, I dislike them intensely.60.First the curtain caught fire and then the bedclothes.61.For almost an hour the workers were just hanging about waiting for materials to arrive.62.Fruit in best and cheapest when it is in season.63.Grown-ups should be responsible for their own behavior.64.Grown-ups should be responsible for their own behavior.65.George left in such a hurry that I hardly had time to thank him.66.He is always kind, never cruel, either to people or to animals.67.He slipped and broke his leg. As a result he would have to away from school for two weeks.68.He was very near-sighted, almost helpless without glasses.69.He said the situation there was not so bad as had been painted.70.He said it in such clear terms that nobody was in any doubt about what was meant.71.His business is growing so fast that he must take on more workers.72.He is the manger of the company. He‘a in charge on it.73.He said he had every confidence in his secretary; she would do the right thing.74.His failure to pay his debts confirmed their suspicion that he was not to be trusted.75.Her hus band wasn‘t content with what he gained and wanted to get more.76.Handwriting is how you present yourself on paper.77.His heart stopped beating just when we reached the hospital78.His parents couldn‘t get through to him on the telephone, so they decided to go to his school and seewhat's wrong.79.His ambition had always been to become an architect.80.--How I wish I had a small piece of ground when I could plant some flowers of my own81.His father paved the way for him to climb to the top.82.He read a book on the plane to while away the time.83.He has a peculiar habit of biting his lips when he is puzzled.84.Her family sympathized with her desire to be a lawyer.85.His honesty is out of question: nobody can doubt it.86.He was very ill but a good doctor and careful nursing brought him through.87.He is said to be generous with his money.88.He considers himself a great singer, and in a way he is justified.89.He restricts himself to smoking two cigarettes a day.90.He is an expert at making himself understood in foreign languages.91.He shot at the bird, but it flew away.92.His fatness renders him unable to touch his toes.93.He‘s taken to drink and never does a stroke of work.94.His failure in the examination is fatal to the plan.95.He was only too willing to accept the proposal.96.Her father flew into a passion when he learned that she wanted to get married before she graduatedfrom the university.97.How abut staying at home if we meet with a stormy day?98.He rose early the next day , finding the river had risen one foot.99.He shows no respect for at this rules.100.---How about Jim? ----He came home with safety.101.He left out an important detail in his report of the accident.102.Harris turned a page to two and the title of a poem caught his eye.103.He is always respectful to older people.104.He had hoped to get ＄120 for his old bike but had to settle for ＄100105.How is Mary getting on with her study?106.His father is very busy every day. He can‘t help complaining of the rapid pace of modern life.107.He is the best candidate to carry out the plan.108.His energetic efforts met with only partial success.109.Hi‘s a nice person, to be sure, but not very competent as a manager.110.How can you avoid mistakes when you‘re in such a hurry?111.Hundreds of students attended the party last night.112.He lay awake all night, thinking over the problem.113.His total income of a year is ＄500. His yearly income totals ＄500. It reached a total of ＄500 a year. 114.He hoped the firm would transfer him to the Paris branch.115.It is encouraging to note that in re A good dictionary is indispensable to the study of a foreign language. 116.Ice and water are the same substance in different forms.117.If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions.118.I have tried in vain to account for the riddle. What a pity!119.It is unwise to show off your greater knowledge in front of the director120.I wanted to make a dress, but I didn‘t know how to set about it.121.In this job you must face up to the problems and not run away from them..122.In contrast to his brother, he was always considerate in his treatment of others.123.It will cost you very little to give the boy a pat on the back once in a while; he needs encouragement. 124.If you were in my position, you would have some idea how I feel.125.I was learning my lessons on the radio when she called me up.126.I would rather have noodles than rice.127.I received the invitation to the conference, but have no idea if I should accept it.128.I recognized him the moment I saw him.129.I tried to remember to put everything in good order, but I sometimes forgot to do so.130.I can still remember us walking hand in hand through the street together.131.I ran across her in the public library yesterday. .132.I have been to Beijing scores of times.133.It was a good game, and at the end the score was Argentina 3, Germany 2.134.It seems that he has formed a good idea.135.I had my shoes shined just before I came.136.It is for years since he left home.137.It is a personal taste whether you like western classic music or Chinese folk music.138.In order to improve his spoken English, he practiced talking to others in English.139.It‘s starting to rain; we had better hurry home.140.It‘s not safe to carry so much money with you. You‘d better deposit the money in the bank.141.I will have him come and keep me company.142.Industrial countries consume a great amount of raw materials.143.I must admit my whole heart is set on being a medical biologist.144.I am very sleepy because I stayed up late last night.145.Ice and water are the same substance in different forms.146.If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions.147.I recommended buying this dictionary but he could not afford it.148.I often look back on my stay in England as a happy period in my life.149.I much prefer factual books such as biographies to fiction of any kind.150.I had not even a vague idea of what was going to happen.151.If this is the case, how is he justified in blaming her?152.It has been decided that measures should be taken to bring down the costs of the projects.153.I disapproved of the way he behaved at the meeting.154.In the preface to this book, we are given the reason why it has been republished.155.I didn‘t expect that these few books would come to so much.156.I speak for my colleagues as well as myself when I thank you all for your great kindness.157.―I‘ve been away a long time, and that name is not familiar to me.‖158.It‘s no use ringing me at the office this week because I‘m on holiday.159.It is very difficult to keep the trains running on time in winter.160.It is only by accident that you see me here. I ought to be in the office.161.It is encouraging to note that in recent years, cigarette smokers have been on the decline, especially among older people.162.I must count up how much money I‘ve spent today.163.If George cannot earn money for a bicycle, he will have to do without.164.If you can make friends with her, so much the better.165.I was told that this sweater would not shrink in the wash but it has.166.In current years, cigarette smokers have been on the decline, especially among older people.167.I have tried in vain to account for the riddle. What a pity!168.It is unwise to show off your greater knowledge in front of the director169.I wanted to make a dress, but I didn‘t know how to set about it.170.In this job you must face up to the problems and not run away from them.171.It‘s not quite certain that he will be present at the meeting.172.It was natural that he count the days before going home.173.It took millions of people several years to build the Great Wall.174.It was difficult to guess what her reaction to the news would be.175.If I take this medicine twice a day, it should cure my cold.176.I have always considered you my best friend.177.If you have a house full of children and rubbish, you will next keep it clean.178.I was ashamed of when I lived.179.It is impossible to know in advance what will happen.180.It is considerate of you to turn down the radio while your sister is still ill in bed.181.I long for an opportunity of seeing you.182.I am glad to have been given a chance to visit your country.183.It is impolite to stare at somebody or follow him constantly.184.It is Japanese custom to take off one‘s shoes before entering a house.185.It was in Greece that Olympic competitions started.186.It seems that his opinions are always different from his girl-friend. They don‘t get along well.187.If it wasn‘t an accident, he must have done it on purpose.188.It is forecast that heavy rains are threatening to flood the area in a few days.189.In his boyhood, he was slow in learning to read and write.190.I couldn‘t find a large enough coat, and so I took this one.191.I tried to call you up last night, but no one answered the phone.192.If you check your paper carefully, some grammar mistakes can be avoided.193.—I suppose you have got the post. ---You have guessed it.194.I happened to see him in the department store.195.I‘m sorry, sir. There‘s no double room available now.196.It‘s a nice spring day. Mrs. White puts on her coat, goes out and shuts the door.197.It was so quiet at night. We listened carefully but heard nothing.198.It has been raining for a week. I hope it will clear up.199.I‘m going to have my car repaired tomorrow morning.200.I heard her talking about Mrs. Handerson whom I had never heard of .201.If the streets had been clearly marked, it would not have taken us so long to his house.202.---Isn‘t Jane here yet? ---No. much to my surprise, she is late.203.It was raining hard outside and John was too anxious to go204.I never expected you to turn up at the meeting; I thought you were abroad.205.I prefer staying at home to playing outside.206.If a person is exposed to constant noise, he may gradually suffer from a loss of hearing.207.I am tired of your stupid conversation.208.I found the little boy sitting on the steps, crying bitterly.209.In his speech he referred to the great help that the club received from supporters.210.Intelligent people can always come up with good solutions to problems.211.If anyone ever catches sight of the mugger anywhere, please call the police at once.212.If you don‘t give up smoking you‘ll never get better.213.---―It‘s already midnight, Why not go to bed?‖ ----―There‘s still too much housework to Jim threatened to take revenge on the shirt factory that had fired him.]214.–John wants to see you today. ---I would rather he came tomorrow than today.215.Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than any other boy in the class.216.John regretted not going to the meeting last week.217.John‘s suit is old and it is high time he bought a new one .218.John‘s sudden death was a great blow to his mother and it took her a long time to get over the grief. 219.Look! T–he flowers in the garden are growing lovely.220.Let‘s begin the lesson at the place where we left off last time.221.Let me see all the official concerning the sale of this land.222.Look out, that step is not safe!223.Libyan demonstrators set fire to the U.S. embassy in Tripoli.224.Look after the childre n for me while I‘m out.225.Look back into history, and we‘ll see Chinese people have achieved a great deal226.Mr. White was made chairman of the committee, who was in charge of the project.k easily goes bad in hot weather. You‘d better put it into the re frigerator.228.Mum, why do you always make me drink a cup of fresh milk every day?229.--To get enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.Ruth finally managed to find what she was looking for.230.Many people complain of the rapid pace of modern life.231.Mr. Black, can you spare a minute for me? I have something important to tell you.232.Mr. Smith was asked to check out five hours before he left the hotel.233.Mary was not promoted because she dreamed too much and fell behind in her lessons.234.Mike thought that he could get by with the minimum of work. His tutor quickly disabused him! 235.―My mother asked after you.‖―How kind of her！‖Since he lied to me, he will never persuade me of his sincerity or truthfulness.236.Many petroleum products can serve as raw materials for the chemical industry.237.My family bought a second-hand car at the price of 500 dollars.238.Many new opportunities will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.239.Mother had a taste of the soup to see if it was tasty.240.May we have the pleasure of your company for dinner?241.Mary‘s parents couldn‘t help worrying about her.242.My brother was such a handsome young man that many girls like him.243.Mr. Jones‘ new job smoothed away his worry about money.244.No matter how hard we try, we can at best do only half as much as last year.245.No one questioned his theory for almost 800 years.246.Now repeat the words and phrases exactly as you hear them.247.No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.248.No matter what you do, you should put your mind into it.249.Nearly all weather occurs in the lowest layer of the atmosphere.250.Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.251.Now that I have lost the notes, we‘ll have to go without them.252.No matter how hard we try, we can at best do only half as much as last year253.Our branch stuck out and caught the rider by the hair.254.Once he decided what he wanted, he would go after it with a single mindedness.Take it easy, we have got plenty of time and money.255.Once you understand the sentence, you will find he passage quite easy to grasp.256.Only when the rain stopped did the sports meeting start again.257.Our branch stuck out and caught the rider by the hair.258.One group favors gradual integration , another demands immediate integration, and a third opposes integration altogether.259.On her way to Wuhan on business, a pickpocket robbed her of her money.260.One day, walking along the sands towards his boat, Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man‘s foot.Our neighbors always make a noise, scolding their children261.Oceania is a separate landmass, but it is separated from Asia by very shallow water.262.Peter‘s latest book is so good that it is beyond all praise.263.Pollution is said to cause many people to suffer from cancer.264.Please speak loudly and clearly to make yourself heard and understood.265.Sorry, I took your pen by mistake266.Poor quality goods won‘t sell easily267.People throughout the country were called on to take up the struggle for their own freedom268.Remember to turn off the gas when you go on holiday269.She was caught spitting in public and fined ten yuan o270.Smoking will interfere with health.271.She was so touched by his generosity that for a moment she was at a loss for words.272.She is very modest. Her success only stimulates her to make greater efforts.273.State financial support given in the form of scholarships has stimulated the students to greater efforts. 274.Sometimes his lectures are boring, but by and by I find them helpful and interesting275.She‘s the most efficient secretary I‘ve ever had.276.Sometimes you have to make a sacrifice to get what you want.277.Seeing that nobody was very enthusiastic about it, they decided to cancel the trip.278.She told her children that they must not, on any account, play with matches.279.Some students indicate that young children stop being creative as soon as they reach school age because the classroom is a place where facts rather than imagination predominate.280.Steam trains gave way to electric trains soon after the war.281.She is 40, but I think she could pass for 25 without much trouble.282.She told us most of the story, but kept back the bit about her uncle.283.She got married although her parents had not given her their consent.284.n the spot.285.She took a glance at her watch and saw that it was already lunch time.286.Such customs were handed down from father to son.287.She held back, not knowing what to do or say.288.She changes her mind so constantly that no one wants to work with her.289.Scientists have spent years researching into the effects of certain chemicals on the human brain with no result.290.Someone must have left the tap on, for the water was running over and flooding the bath-room291.Since the boss of the department wasn‘t in , we decided to have a meeting another day292.She can‘t eat much because she suffers from stomachaches.293.She inherited a large amount of money from her father when he died.294.She took a glance at her watch and saw that it was already lunch time.295.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology is changing to rapidly. 296.Smallpox left lasting scars on George Washi ngton‘s nose and cheeks but most artists kindly left out the pockmarks when painting his portraits.297.She told us most of the story, but kept back the bit about her uncle.298.She got married although her parents had not given her their consent.299.She inherited a large amount of money from her father when he died.300.She is afraid to run a risk301.Since you have to stay home, why don‘t you do some shopping?302.Soldiers hurried in search of the building, but they found nothing in it.303.She stopped at the supermarket to buy some bread and then went to pick up her little girl from school; 304.she killed two birds with one stone. They are queuing up to buy tickets for the opera.305.The young man has conquered his fear of failure and is making great steps in his work.306.The old man devoted himself to teaching for many years.307.The metals which we find in the earth include iron, lead and copper.308.The girl would rather stay alone in the classroom than play with her classmates outside.309.These years, I am looking forward to meeting the great writer.310.There is no easy method to physics.311.They were listening to light music when a thunder came down.312.The synthetic fibers produced in that big plant account for one third of all the fibers turned out in the area.313.Tom‘s mother is seriously ill. He is gong to the hospital to see her.314.Their voices are so alike that I often mistake Tom for his brother Jim on the phone.315.They fell in love with each other, however. After a few months, they realized they did not have much in common.316.The photo hanging on the wall is taken by my father.317.The thief broke into the store and helped himself to a lot of money.318.To be honest , I didn‘t agree with what you said.319.The terrorists threatened to blow up the building if their demands were not met.320.The government is trying test to improve the housing .321.Their actions suggested th at he shouldn‘t be a bad man, and I suggested that we shuld let him go 322.The suggestion that we should have another talk with them was of no value.323.The film star stood there, surrounded by a lot of people.324.Take your time. There is no hurry at all.325.The team is the best in the country. And now the team ate training hard for the coming Asian Games. 326.The traveler in the desert felt thirsty. That is to say, the traveler in the desert suffered from thirst. 327.The jury must weigh the evidence before they reach a verdict.328.The orange is too high on the tree. It‘s out of my reach .I need someone to help me.329.The firm will have to step up production if it is to defeat its competitors.330.The American company whose chemical factory in India exploded will have to compensate for the loss of human lives.331.The manager promised to keep me informed of how our business was going on.332.The above mentioned reactions are bound to proceed smoothly.333.The meeting drew to a close late in the afternoon.334.The appearance of the book has marked a new era in the history of the question.335.The shopkeeper is facing fierce competition from supermarkets.336.They are building the railway in association with another company.337.The students will put off the outing until next week, when they won‘t be so b usy.338.things more important than it.339.The woman I came across yesterday is Mrs. Black340.The city is named after the famous president341.The doctor has warned time and again that smoking will affect his health, but Johnny just won‘t listen. 342.This new method not only saves time but also saves energy by operating on two batteries instead of four.343.The elephant fell into the trap the hunters had set for it.344.These envelops are so small that letters have to be folded several times before they can be put inside. 345.Then she went back to a deliver a series of lectures which she prepared over here.346.The Smiths are too protective towards their children, they should let them see more of the347.The room became completely dark when the candle went out.348.The doctor said he would try his best to relieve her of her pain.349.The young girl made up her mind to get rid of her bad habit.350.The local government will offer us what we need.351.The price of houses is going up while that of cars has been brought down only to about 80 thousand yuan.352.This is the very house in which Mr. Zhou once lived.353.The tallest hat would make him so tall that people would stop calling him a little man.354.The old photo reminded him of his childhood in the countryside.355.The sisters differ in their interests.356.The kitten climbed the tree and couldn‘t get down.357.The city Zhangjiakou was extensively damaged in the earth-quake.358.The case contained a lot of things, including a second-hand watch.359.The custom goes back to the 12th century.360.The building of the bridge has been held up by the heavy rain.361.The train is timed to arrive at 6 o‘clock.362.Teachers ate trained in the training college.363.The naughty boy is troublesome, and he is a great trouble to his parents.364.The sick boy mustn‘t be left alone all night and we should take our turn at sitting up.365.There are various techniques that have to be learnt before one can do this job properly.366.These words are wrongly spelled, that‘s to say, he spell ed the words wrong.367.These masterpieces of music can stand the test of time.368.The true reason who Jane went fishing is as transparent as glass-she didn‘t want to have to clean the house.369.The journey usually takes six weeks but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.370.The story of his adventures makes excellent reading.371.The agree with us in principle but differ with us in terms of certain measures to be taken.372.The other families in the apartment house weren‘t friendly to them.373.The reason for his success is that he worked hard.374.The nurses there are most considerate of the patients.375.The big difference between men and women is that men are physically stronger.376.There is always room for improvement however much you have already done.377.This plan must be realized by all means .378.There are eight members in the family. She has born him six sons.379.They met with an accident on their way to San Francisco.380.The spectators held their breath as the two teams tried to break the tie in the last minute of the game. 381.The little girl caught her breath as she saw the saw the man fall from the tree.382.The city was named in honor of the first president of the U.S, who decided upon its location in the first place.383.The aged man took a great delight in collecting stamps.384.The inspector started off with a comment that the design seemed somewhat old-fashioned.385.This newspaper article throws some light on the situation in the Middle East.386.They would just drop in for a chat at any odd moment.387.―I don‘t see that I have dese rved any fame and I have no taste for it,‖ he once said.388.This wealthy lady has a great sympathy for the poor.389.The newspaper published an open letter in answer to the readers‘criticisms.390.The doctor told the overweight lady to cut out meat from her diet.391.They would be delighted to do all in their power for Dorothy, who had set them free from slavery. 392.The actual process by which coal is extracted is well worth watching.393.The old man held on to his job and would not retire.394.The plane climbed steeply after take-off, and then leveled off at 25000 feet.。
2012职称英语重点文章-Solar Power without Solar Cells
13、Solar Power without Solar Cells（重点）（要求：通篇熟记）A dramatic and surprising magnetic effect of light discovered by University of Michigan1 researchers could lead to solar power without traditional semiconductor-based solar cells.The researchers found a way to make an "optical battery," said Stephen Rand, a professor in the departments of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Physics and Applied Phy sics.Light has electric and magnetic components. Until now, scientists thought the effects of the magnetic field were so weak that they could be ignored. What Rand and his colleagues found is that at the right intensity, when light is traveling through a material that does not conduct electricity, the light field can generate magnetic effects that are 100 million times stronger than previously expected. Under these circumstances, the magnetic effects develop strength equivalent to a strong electric effect."This could lead to a new kind of solar cell without semiconductors and without absorption to produce charge separation," Rand said. "In solar cells, the light goes into a material, gets absorbed and creates heat. Here, we expect to have a very low heat load2. Instead of the light being absorbed, energy is stored in the magnetic moment3. Intense magnetization can be induced by intense light and then it is ultimately capable of providing a capacitive power source. "What makes this possible is a previously undetected brand of "optical rectification4," say s William Fisher, a doctoral student5 in applied physics. In traditional optical rectification, light's electric field causes a charge separation, or a pulling apart of the positive and negative charges6 in a material. This sets up a voltage, similar to that in a battery.Rand and Fisher found that under the right circumstances and in right ty pes of materials, the light's magnetic field can also create optical rectification. The light must be shone through7 a material that does not conduct electricity, such as glass. And it must be focused to an intensity of 10 million watts per square centimeter8. Sunlight isn't this intense on its own, but new materials are being sought that would work at lower intensities, Fisher said."In our most recent paper, we show that incoherent light9 like sunlight is theoretically almost as effective in producing charge separation as laser light is," Fisher said.This new technique could make solar power cheaper, the researchers say. They predict that with improved materials they could achieve 10 percent efficiency in converting solar power to useable energy. That's equivalent to today's commercial-grade solar cells."To manufacture modern solar cells, y ou have to do extensive semiconductor processing," Fisher said. "All we would need are lenses to focus the light and a fiber to guide it. Glass works for both. It's already made in bulk10, and it doesn't require as much processing. Transparent ceramics might be even better."。
2012职称英语必考内容
写在最前面的关于30分题+15分1. +表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章，考哪一级就看哪一级的内容，别的级别的题目完全不用看。
2. 每个级别新增阅读理解2篇完型填空2篇（今年以前完形填空只新增一篇），考试的时候，这两篇阅读理解必考一篇，文章完全一样，但是问题及答案不一定完全一样，所以仅仅记住答案是不可靠的，一定要结合后面的翻译把这篇文章看懂。
那么这里5道题目15分必定能拿到。
然后完型填空，先说今年以前，只新增一篇完型填空，这篇完型填空必考，只是留空的位置不会完全一样，大约有40%左右的留空位置是一样，所以光背答案是没得用的，一定要把文章看熟。
当然今年由于每个级别新增了2篇完型填空，那么考试的时候肯定也是2选1考一篇。
这里15道题15分也很容易能拿到。
3. 词汇有15道题，替换同义词，找本字典翻翻，这15分也不难，至少12分能拿到吧。
其他的题能拿多少分就看各位的英语底子了。
做最坏的打算，剩下的题目还有55分，按瞎蒙25%的概率能拿到13.75分，加上前面的45分大约也有58分左右，所以要完全靠瞎蒙的朋友考试前多扶扶老奶奶过马路，多积累点人品吧。
4. 以上只是投机取巧的方法，各位有时间的话还是花点时间复习下，但是考前一定要把新增的题目掌握好，就算英语底子好的朋友也起码可以节约不少考试时间。
5. 本人职称英语A\B\C级都是这样考过的，每年的规律都是一样的。
从客观角度说，每年的职称英语考试书都不便宜，新增的内容也不多，如果新增的东西里面没有价值，那么那本书还有谁买？那本书可是考试中心出的，阅读理解*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan*第四十篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety完形填空*第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities*第十二篇 Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk*第三＋八篇 "Life Form Found" on Saturn's TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life1 on the Saturn's moon2. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after researchers at the US space agency,NASA3,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini4,which pointed to,the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturn's biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings are"breathing" inTitan's dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.They argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titan's planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of some"bugs"5 consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth."We suggested hydrogen consumption because it's the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,"says NASA scientist Chris McKay."If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth."To date,scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin6(minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to use a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titan's surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Sun's interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titan's surface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titan's surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator7 of the NASA Titan team."Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be the last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,"Allen said. "We have a lot of work to do to rule out8 possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results."词汇：Saturn /'sætən/ n．土星 methane/'mi:θein/ n．甲烷，沼气Titan/'taitən/ n．土卫六 acetylene/ə'setili:n/ n．乙炔alien/'eiljən/ n．外星人；adj．外星球的；相异的conservatism/kən'sʒ:vətizəm/ n．保守主义,守旧注释：1.hints of alien life：外星生命迹象。
2012电力职称英语职称考试技巧 完全版+模拟试题
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factors for ..√Environmental protection×Water sources ang transportating ×The total capacity in a newly√The number of units exceeds .×The ranks of capacity should be .√2. A friend of mine ,in response to1) The author thought of his friend’s(like his friend,he also thought life was unfair) 2) Surrendreing to the fact than life(make us know it’s our duty to perfect things) 3) The second paragraph of the (it’s nice to accept the injustice of life)4) In the last paragraph ,”this very basic fact”(life isn’t and won’t be fair)5) From the passage ,we can learn(positive)3.Australia is a vast continent Australia is a large country ×The majority of people √The delivery of education ×The attempt to provide√The schoolwork was delivered ×4.Among the criticisms of the ObamaThe Obama administrations bank×The word float means ×According to the author√The bailout plant si so×The last paragraph indicates √5.Connecting electric Grounding is based on the √The grounding modes are×Working grounding is used√The resistance value×The lighting …shoule×The lighting …is used to lead√The lighting …is also used to reduce√A protective groud is to √A grounding resistance for ×The passage is about 3 √6.Bionmass is a cost-effectiveAs a source of energy√One of the advantages√Biomass doesnt produce enough×Despite its advantages√Only trees and crops×7.Do you know the key to the Paper was invented and made in √An ancient Chinese found that the ×America,Canada,Sweden and japan×50%of paper is used for publishing√Much more paper use means more √It is time we saved paper√8.do you know the key to thefollowingin the beginning of the 19th century √as compared to 1900 ×Chinese people knew how √at firet people knew √It wasn’t until about 1100 that √Sweden is an important country √Most of the paper is used for √To save resources ,paper√Saving paper has nothing to do×If we keep wasting paper,√9.Electrcity may be dangerous Electricity is not dangerous ×Dry wood can carry electricity ×Conductors like metal or what√Human body is a good conductor ×You can use a hairdryer far √Wet hands sre good conductors √The best tool to push a shocked √10.Electricity is carried inwiresEach electron has a negative charge √Not all atoms have electrons ×Static electricity can only (wong)When we run a comb through ×Electricity needs conductors to √Electricity always takes the longest×Water makes up a small part ×If your hands are wet √If you see someone shocked,×Metal is a conductor while √11.For centuies,in thecountries of southWhat can we know about African(It ishard to tame them)Thailand was once called”(whiteelephant was a national symbol until the1920s)Why is the Thai elephant”(Because theelephants are no longer useful to theauthor?)Which of the following statements is tureabout the (Today the elephant populationis estimated at 5150)The passage is most probably from(aresearch report)12.Marx once quoted afamousThe work Capitalism is√For 20% profit ,capital will×For 100%,capital dares √For 200%,capital dares to×The pursuit of profit forces human √The pursuit of profit is much ×There are two ownerships √Only bright manufacturer ×13.Nuclear powers danger tohealthThe mystery about nuclear radiation√We cannot sense radio ×Common radio waves√Even at the lowest levels×Victims of nuclear radiation √14.Optical fibercommunicationA kind of information√The composite fiber groud wire×One of the transmission tasks√Opical fiber commuication√Large capacity of communication×The communication capacity of optical×The carrier frequency of power√The carrier frequency of microwave isbetween×The main problem of the fiber√The cables made by×15.People appear to be bornto1) What does the passage mainlydiscuss?(The development ofmathematical ability in children)2) From the passage we can know (beginto master simple counting soon after theylearn to walk and talk)3) In this passage the author’s attitude(objecttive)4) According to the study ofpsychology,(didn’t thing)5) Which of the following statements(Children learn mathematics naturallyand easily)16.Taking a general viewThe 1000MW grade high-efficiency √The temperature of main steam and×The tube wall temperature of √The anti-high temperature steam√The anti-high temperature fluen×The temperature limited of T91 …593.√The temperature limited of T92 …620.×The temperature of austenite steel√The temperature limited of austenite×Only heat-resisting steel can be .×17.The closed loopThe closed loop operation is the mode√A ring system is a single –ring system.×A power grid can only transmit×The positive effects of the closed-loop√The closed-loop operation can not raise×Phase and its order can not uniform.×The vaiiety of elements in a loop√The voltages of different lines√The stable state must√The relaying control can not always×18.T he communicationsexplosion is on1) By saying that he takes mayimages(display the influence ofcommunications on life)2) The author most probably thinks(amazing)3) Which of the following statements(The low-orbit satellites would replacetowers and poles functionally)4) Acxording to the passage ,anoptical-(talk and see each other no matterwhere we are)5) The phrase “each one “(each car)19.The condenser is aA condenser is heat exchanger√It is sggested that the water should√The saturation temperature would not×It is unnecessary to reduce×The condenser does not control×The important facor controlling√The temperature of cooling water will√The temperatur dififference means the√The temperature increase of the cooling×The exhaust steam temperature does not×20.The earth is the home forus allThe earth turns itself once a week ×The popole all over the world ×The earth moves round the sun √As the earth goes round the moon,×The seasons in some places on √21.The high voltage circuitContactors,are-exitinguishing elements√The insulation srructure√The are-exitinguishing medium×An oil circuit breaker√A vacuum circuit breaker×A pure SF6 gas×The insulation strength√An oil minimum circuit breaker is very√An oil minimum circuit breaker has bad×An oil minimum circuit breaker is one of√22.The purpose of post-weldThe post-weld heat √One of the purposes is to√The other purpose is to ×The welding crack can be √To change the internal structure √There are 5 kings of ×The processes of heat √The electric resistance ×Heat treatment furnaces ×The control device for ×23.The selected type ofThe type of dam for √The main purpose of √The equipment installed ×Horizontal displacement and ×Temperature stress and strain ×The monitoring devices √Some monitoring devices ×The monitoring result shall ×24.The simultaneousness ofThe eletric can be stored.×The power sustem is made up of 4 parts.√The unification of power system√A power system is an undivided integer.√The power network can operate ×A link line is called a √A link line is formed a ×An electric power netword is simply√The main network frame is ×The networks are not closely linked×25.The undersea world isEverything under the sea √Now people can dive into√You can stay in deep blue√It is warm but dark ×Under about 3000 feet √Many fish under deep water×The sea is a dangerous place√Deep sea animals must follow √26.Thomas Edison was agreatphonograph was invented two hundred×the computes was a great invented ×nylon greatly influenced √the inventtins for getting ×Thomas Edison was ×27.We all need friendspeople can’t live well if √If you want to keep a friend√Cooking some soup for a sick √If you have a close friend ×If you want to be a loyal √28.When you think about thegrowthWith the increase of human×It was not until the publication×Rain forests are decreasing √The global livestock√According to the passage×29.Yeats ago ,doctors oftensaidPain is a natural part×Today it is believed that√To provide a comprehensive√Our respect for pain ×The drugs which helped √补全短文( )Here are three importantE:It’s importantA:Their key words allB: If you wantC:You must alwaysD:The metal stuffAccording to the mode ofB:muclear,wind,solarC:supplies power toA:supplies steam toD:Fuel supply andE:newly scheduledAutomatic regulation of boilerC:the drum levelE:It is a oneB:The superheater outletA:a small quantityD:by the waterA sudden change in theE:by the operationA:determine the insulationB:the cost of transmissionC:at both opening and closingD:by means of circuit breakerCircuit breaker areB:to control electrical powerD:to switch the current which can beA:to perform any switch operationE:of the highest important forC:of he circuit breakerEveryone needs friends..B:It is good to have a friend.E:But they can still like each otherA:Some liraries school are alsoC:Possibly they are happierD:As a result,you tale careElectric power is a most。
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* She took a _ glance__ at her watch and saw that it was already lunch time.
* I don’t know how I’d __react__ to a situation like the one you have described.
* It’s __up to__ us to give her all the help we can.
* In old times, property was usually handed __down__ to the oldest son at his father’s death.
* Never __trouble trouble_ until _trouble troubles__ you.
* Now that I have lost the notes, we’ll have to __go__ without them.
* Only when the rain stopped __did the sports meeting start_ again.
* Jimmy is the oldest boy and is taller than __any other_ boy in the class.
* Jack almost fell off the cliff but managed to hang __on__ until help came.
* She’s the most __efficient__ secretary I’ve ever had.
* Sometimes you have to make a __sacrifice__ to get what you want.
* She told her children that they must not, __on any account__, play with matches.
* The kitten climbed the tree and couldn’t ___get down__.
* The city Zhangjiakou was extensively __damaged___ in the earth-quake.
* She changes her no one wants to work with her.
* Sometimes his lectures are boring ,but __by and by__ I find them helpful and interesting.
* --Look! The flowers in the garden are growing lovely.
--How I wish I had a small piece of ___ground__ when I could plant some flowers of my own.
* He’s a nice person, __to be sure__ , but not very competent as a manager.
* It is very difficult to keep the trains running __on__ time in winter.
* John’s sudden death was a great blow to his mother and it took her a long time to get over_ the grief
* A dog was __run over__ by a bus and killed.
* By improving his learning habits an ____average__ student can be a top one.
* Before moving to another city, Brenda __disposed__ of the house and the furniture.
* As a result, he succeeded __reaching__ the castle but failed __to find_ the way to enter it.
* Accuracy is _fundamental_ to the programming of computers.
* His father is very busy every day. He can’t help complaining of the rapid __pace__ of modern life.
* His _total_ income of a year is $ 500. His yearly income _totals_ $ 500. It reached _a total_ of $ 500 a year.
* Chinese brown medicine has little side _effect__.
* Can we hold __out__ for another day without water?
* Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often ___as good as___ or better than an actual performance.
* My family bought a second-hand car _at_ the price of 500 dollars.
* My cousin __submitted__ his playground plans to the city council.
* Many petroleum products can __serve__ as raw materials for the chemical industry.
* He intends to __replace__ the secretary he has dismissed by a less glamorous but rather more efficient one .
* His energetic efforts met with only __partial__ success.
* How can you avoid mistakes when you’re in such a __hurry__?
* He is an expert __at__ making himself understood in foreign language.
* If you __check___ your paper carefully, some grammar mistakes can be avoided.
* His parents could not ____get through__ to him on the telephone, so they decided to go to his school and see what is wrong.
* How is Mary getting on _with__ her study?
* She was caught spitting in public and fined ten yuan on the __spot_ .
* Since the boss of the department wasn’t in , we decided to have a meeting __another day_ .
* Our principal has already placed __an order__ with the company for the textbooks.
* Roger gave me some beautiful Japanese stamps in __exchange__ for two sets of 1968 British special issues
* American school; children should learn Lincoln’s Gettysburg address __by heart__.
* As winter __gave way to__ spring the days began to lengthen.
* Although the family trusted her, she __let__ them down last year.
* Her deeds are worthy __of being praised_.
* He touched _on_ many points without enlarging on any of them.
* How can I have put __on__ a pound since yesterday? I’ve eaten nothing!
* For almost an hour the works were just hanging __about__ waiting for materials to arrive.
* His heart stopped ____beating__ just when we reached the hospital.
* I never expected you to _turn up__ at the meeting; I thought you were abroad.