英语口译基础教程 1. interpreting course
口译基础
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To practise in and out of class.
c 跨文化意识:口译是跨语言、跨文化的交际活动,其 最终目的是要让听众和讲话人达到思想文化的交流。
B 非智力因素
心理素质 身体素质 态度 责任心
IV. Brief History of Conference Interpreting
During the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, CI debuted officially.
II. Why to Be a Professional Interpreter?
4 Goods: Good places to visit Good food to eat Good money to make Good people to meet
III. 口译能力的构成:(Video)
A 智力因素
Textbooks for reference:
《口译基础》,邓轶主编,上海外语教育出版社 《英语口译基础教程》,仲伟合主编,高等教育出版社
Course plan:
Skill-based, topic-oriented
Theory explanation Skill-training Practice
Interpreting as a profession: the foundation of International Association of Conference Interpreters (AIIC) in 1953.
简明商务英语口译教程A Concise Interpreting Course Book for
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精品PPT
即学即练:
1.The best artists in the town// were employed// to teach him the art// in which he had shown so much skill.
(我们(wǒ men)的外交大臣有一次以三项我认为现 在还适用的简单原则阐明了我们(wǒ men)的目 标。)
精品PPT
3. Japan surrendered// in 1945// after Americans dropped two atom bombs.
日本投降(tóuxiáng)了,//那是在1945年,//(在这)之前,美 国人投了两颗原子弹。
简明商务英语口译(kǒuyì)教 程
A Concise Interpreting Course Book for
Business English
精品PPT
Unit 1
精品PPT
Section A
Get Your Pronunciation Right
这一部分着重练习英语中字母组合 “con” 的 不同发音,其发音原则是 “ con” 在重音位置 上读作[kɔn] ,在非重音位置上读[kǝn] ,这也 是许多(xǔduō)学生发音失误较多的部分。
2.The shaky voice of terrified acquaintance// told me// that the German troops// would begin the occupation of Bohemia and Moravia.
3.It’s a story// they tell// in the border countryside,// where Massachusetts joins Vermont and New Hampshire.
英语口译基础教程-Unit-1-Introduction
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KI=KL+EK+S (P+AP) 译员应该掌握的知识 =双语知识+百科知识 +技能(职业 口译技能 +艺术表达技能 )
– KI=Knowledge Required for an Interpreter – KL=Knowledge for language – EK=Encyclopedic Knowledge – S (P+AP)=Professional Interpreting Skills and
By ways: one-way interpreting 单向口译 two-way interpreting 双向口译
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Types of interpreting
By contents: guide interpreting 导游口译 ceremony interpreting 礼仪口译 information interpreting 宣传口译 conference interpreting 会议口译 negotiation interpreting 谈判口译
美 经 中美合企 2年 I 说 dif@bus. man. 中← →美// we 更 直 率 比 中←不同文传// I x 我 bus. ++ 毕 有 + & - @both // 近年 美企exe. 强: hu 中管//
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Example 2: How do you interpret?
今晚,我们很高兴在北京大学再次接待我们的老朋友格林博士和夫人。 /我代表学校的全体师生员工向格林博士和夫人及其他新西兰贵宾表示热 烈的欢迎。//
我相信格林博士这次对我校的访问,必将为进一步加强两校的友好合 作关系作出重要的贡献。//
口译教程汉英翻译1—13单元译文
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口译教程汉英翻译1—13单元译文Chapter 1: Introduction to InterpretationUnit 1: The Basics of InterpretationUnit 2: Types of InterpretationUnit 3: Skills Required for InterpretationChapter 2: The Process of InterpretationUnit 4: The Preparatory StageBefore starting the interpreting process, interpreters need to familiarize themselves with the topic and conduct research to understand the subject matter thoroughly. They should also prepare their interpreting equipment, such as headsets, microphones, and notepads. Additionally, interpreters may needto review and practice specialized terminology related to the event.Unit 5: The Interpreting StageDuring the interpreting stage, interpreters listen to the speaker and simultaneously translate their words into the target language. They must stay focused and concentrate on thespeaker's message to accurately convey the meaning. Interpreters should also pay attention to the speaker's tone, emotion, and non-verbal cues, as these elements can affect the interpretation.Unit 6: Note-taking TechniquesNote-taking is an essential skill for interpreters.Effective note-taking allows interpreters to retain important information and assist with memory recall during interpretation. Interpreters should develop their own note-taking system and use abbreviations and symbols to jot down key points quickly. However, note-taking should not interfere with active listening and immediate interpretation.Chapter 3: Consecutive InterpretationUnit 7: Introduction to Consecutive InterpretationConsecutive interpretation involves listening to one or several sentences in the source language and then reproducing them in the target language. It requires good memory retention and the ability to accurately convey the meaning. Interpreters should take notes and use their notes as a reference during the interpretation.Unit 8: The Techniques of Consecutive InterpretationInterpreters use several techniques during consecutive interpretation to ensure accurate and fluent delivery. These techniques include paraphrasing, summarizing, clarifying ambiguous statements, and maintaining natural rhythm and pacing. Interpreters should also adapt their interpretation style to match the speaker's tone and style.Unit 9: Consecutive Interpretation PracticeInterpreters can practice consecutive interpretation by engaging in role plays or shadowing experienced interpreters. They can also utilize practice materials, such as speeches, interviews, or articles, to improve their interpretation skills. Regular practice is essential for enhancing memory retention, improving fluency, and perfecting delivery.。
Interpreting英语口译 ppt课件
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INTERPRETING
ppt课件
1
Preparation Unit
An introduction to professional interpreting 1. Objectives 2. Overview of course structure 3. Contents of the lessons 4. Overview of interpreting skills 5. Progression of skills
▪ Listening in interpreting is more complex and effortconsuming than the listening comprehension exercises.
▪ An interpreter listens to get the message words carry. While listening, he forms the whole picture of the message, as well as the details.
▪ Coping tactics: reconstitution, skipping and asking
▪ Behaving professionally
ppt课件
6
Progression of Skills for Consecutive Interpreting
▪ Summary: analysis and organization, focus on main points
Memory in CI consists of nothing more than
1周 口译Interpretation(1)
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Pair work & Group Performance
The in-class practices are mainly done in pairs. And the whole class will also be divided into several groups. This will take up 20%.
1.4 Course Policies:
Grading Policy: Class work grade is determined by attendance, participation, presentation, group performance and the final exam. Attendance and participation 10 points Presentation 10 points Pair work & Group Performance 20 points Final exam 60 points TOTAL 100 POINTS
1.2 Objective:
The objective is to develop interpreting skills. By the end of the course the students will be able to interpret in professional communication. They will become aware of the role of interpreters as well as the difficulties and subtle nuances involved in bilingual communication in the modern society where there is a constant flow of information.
英语口译基础教程Unit1Introdu
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01
Introduction to Interpretation
Definition of Interpretation
It involves comprehending the exact meaning and intention of the source language and expressing it in the target language with accuracy and fluency
Executive Interpretation
The interpreter translates the spooked words of the source language after they have been delivered, either note taking or without notes
Standards for Interpretation
Accuracy
The interpreter must accurately translate the source language into the target language, ensuring that the meaning and intention are fully conveyed.
The interpreter needs to have a good memory to store and recall information during the interpretation process
Language conversion skills
Language comprehension
Unit 1 Interpreting 口译概况
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China
Accreditatio
Aptitude Test n
for
Examinatio
Translators ns for
and
Translators
Interpreters and
-CATTI
Interpreters
-NAETI
CATTI
NAETI
上海口译
考试主办机 国家人事部和中 教育部考试中心 上海市委组织部
多为口语化
可查阅,问询, 即时,即席,短
探讨
时记忆
很难见到作者和 理解发言人和听
读者
众的反应
信达雅
准顺快
口译的基本特点
口译工作有时效性和即席性 口译工作有不可预测性和独立性 处理信息内容具有多元性和广泛性 使用语言口语化 译员技能的综合性:听、视、记、写、读、
说、分析、决策、应变
口译的标准
格认证
口译与笔译的异同
相同点: 都需要将一种语言经过理解和重组用另一
种语言表达出来; 翻译者都必须精通两种语言、文化和转换
技巧.
口译与笔译的异同
输入
输出 内容 信息处理 互动 质量标准
笔译
口译
文字,通过阅读,声音画面(偶尔
可反复
文字),通过试
听,往往一次性
文字,可修改 声音难以修改
多为书面语
证书有效期 每3年重新注册 暂无
登记一次,一次 注册有效期3年
暂无
口译的发展前景
在“非全日制就业人员工资指导价位”表 中列出的54种行业里,同声传译以每小时 2000元人民币的价格拔2.1 万元人民币,非英语类是1.8万元人民币。
业内人士称,平均每星期做两次同声翻译, 一年平均50多万RMB。
英语口译基础教程 1. interpreting course
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3) In terms of ways:
单向口译 ( one-way interpretation ) 双向口译 ( two-way interpretation )
A Brief history of conference interpreting as a modern profession
b. Dissimilarities The Other Basic Requirements for Interpreters
(1) Acute hearing (to grasp the meaning) (2)A good command of idioms, slang and proverbs, as well as register & appropriateness. (3)Phonetic competence (accent, intonation, stress and rhythms) & public speaking skills (4) Outstanding memory and note-taking ability (5) psychological competence: quick-witted, calm, resourceful (avoid panic and stage fright)
* Translating: i n p u t → c o m pr e h en s i on → (output)expression → checking
3) In terms of criteria a. Similarities: a faithful reproduction in natural TL. b. Differences:
基础口译课程教学大纲2020版
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双语
外国语学院School of Foreign Languages
先修课程(Prerequisite)
无
后续课程
post
课程负责人(Instructor)
课程网址
(CourseWebpage)
*课程简介(中文)(Description)
(中文300-500字,含课程性质、主要教学内容、课程教学目标等)
3.作业完成情况(20%)
4.期末考试成绩(5mp;OtherMaterials)
2004《实战口译》,北京:外语教学与
欧阳倩华2020《基础口译》,上海:
其它
备注
备注说明:
1.带*内容为必填项。
2.课程简介字数为300-500字;课程大纲以表述清楚教学安排为宜,字数不限。
*教学内容进度安排及对应课程目标& &CourseObjectives
章节
教学内容(要点)
学时
教学形式
作业及考核要求
课程思政融入点
对应课程目标
1
与课程介绍
2
讲解
理解、学习口译的基本定义、类型及能力
领导人讲话会议口译内容、中国形象理解、学习
1,2
2
口译听力理解难点
2
讲解
和练习
运用多种方法解决听力中的难题
《基础口译》课程教学大纲(2020版)
课程基本信息(CourseInformation)
课程代码
FL2306
32
2
课程名称
(中文)基础口译
(英文)Foundation Course of Interpreting
口译教程第一课
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Listening for logic
Theme: Logical analysis Procedures: Ⅰ. Theory and skills (40 min)
1. Vertical analysis of logic 2. Horizontal analysis of logic
相同点:都需要将一种语言经过理解和重组用另一种语言表达出来;
翻译者都必须精通两种语言、文化和转换技巧。
4. Characteristics of Interpreting (口译的特点)
二、口译练习 1.质量要求 2.译前准备
2.1课前检索与阅读 2.2课前检查 3.对话口译 从事旅游业 4.篇章口译 4.1 an introduction to an industrial village 4.2 being a traveler,not a tourist 4.3长城景区导游词 4.4旅游论坛致辞 三、日积月累 四、译员须知 礼仪常识
3分钟以上即可称为长交传
交替传译常用于新闻发布会、外事会见、商务谈判、户外活动等
3.Types of interpreting(口译分类)
1)根据时间工作模式,可分为交替传译和同声传译
同声传译:simultaneous interpreting 简称 SI
又称同步口译、即时传译(港台用语)
简称“同传”
使用法语和英语两种语言,有了交传译员。 1926年:IBM发明了同传设备,被认为是口译史上最重要
的发明。 1945年:纽伦堡军事法庭审判,使用了英法德俄四种语言,
会上大规模使用同声传译。 1947年:联合国采纳同传。 1971年:中国重返联合国,中国的口译活动增加。 改革开放之后:口译活动得到快速发展,多以交传为主。 20世纪90年代后期开始:中国的大型国际会议增多,同传
英语口译基础课程教案
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广西民族师范学院外国语学院课程教案课程代码:总学时/周学时:34/2开课时间:2017年2月23日第1周至第17周授课年级、专业、班级:英语(师范教育)2014级4班使用教材:口译基础教研室:英语教研室授课教师:阳琼Lecture1ABriefIntroductiontoInterpreting◇TeachingObjectivesHelpthestudentsachieveabasicunderstandingofinterpreting:itsnature,classification, evaluationcriteria,qualitiesofinterpreter,etc.◇Important&DifficultPoints1.Thenatureandevaluationcriteriaofinterpreting;2.Therequirementsofqualifiedinterpreter.◇Teaching MethodsCommunicativeteachingapproach◇Teaching ProceduresStep1Greeting(3mins)TheTeacherintroducesherselfStep2Lead-in(10mins)Coursedescription.?Step3Overview?of?Interpretation(40mins)1.Definition?of?InterpretationInterpretation?is?a?vocal?translation?to?the?information?delivered?by?vocal?utterance ?and?text.?2.Characteristics?of?Interpretation?*?Unpredictability??*?Bearing?on?big?pressure??????*?Independency??*?Comprehensive?language?and?skill?operations???????*?Extensive?communicative?information3.?Criteria?of?Interpretation?*accuracy?*fluency??4.?Process?of?Interpretation5.InterpreterQualificationRequirementsConformtotheForeignaffairsdisciplineSolidbilingualbasisCompleteabilityofutteranceQuick-mindedLearnedGoodmannerStep4Practices:Dialogue&passageinterpreting(30mins)会展中心介绍Vocabulary:国际会展中心InternationalExhibitionCenter仓储warehousing室内展厅indoorexhibitionarea室外展厅outdoorexhibitionarea中国国际投资贸易洽谈会ChinaInternationalFairforInvestmentandTrade国际石材展InternationalStoneFair体博会Sports&LeisureGoodsFair大堂lobby拖车trailer展位both多功能multi-functional装卸平台loadingplatformStep5Assignments(2mins)PreviewthecontentofUnit1.Lecture2IdentifyingKeyWordsinSentences◇TeachingobjectivesAttheendofthelesson,studentsshouldbeableto:1.identifykeywordsinsentenceswhilelisteningtothesourcelanguage;2.masterkeywords,expressionsandsentencesonareception3.improveinterpretingskillsandpractice◇Keypointstheabilitytoidentifykeyinformationthroughkeywords◇TeachingAllotment:2periods◇TeachingMethods:communicativeapproach;audio-lingualapproach◇TeachingProcedures:Step1Greeting&Warming-upStep2Interpretingskills(10mins)PleasegothroughPart1quicklyandfindtheanswerstothefollowingquestions.1)Whatstandardsdointerpretershavetomeetasforlistening?2)Whatistheso-called“keyword”inasentence?3)Fromwhichfourperspectivescanweidentifykeywordsinasentencetograspthekeyinformation?Step3Practices(65mins)(1)Sentenceinterpreting(15mins)1)对不起,您是来自英国电信(BritishTelegraph)的LisaAnderson女士吗?2)自上次在巴黎匆匆一晤,我们都好几年没见面了。
Interpretation 01-Introduction
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Introduction to Interpreting Course
正式口译的场合: 正式口译的场合: 1. 重大场合的演讲和讲话 2. 招商或者介绍会的重点发言 3. 双边会谈 4. 谈判 5. 新闻发布会
CATTI
China Accreditation Test for Translators and Interpreters
Interpreting Skills Numbers
English to Chinese: 3,245 65,100,000 876,320,000 Chinese to English: 96.5万 万 305万 万 52亿 320亿 亿 亿 5千亿 4万亿 千亿 万亿 675,098 45,000 32,431,000,000 360万 2180万 万 万 4600亿 39.6亿 亿 亿 5885亿 7.8万亿 亿 万亿
CATTI
• 考试科目:口译综合能力测试 (60分钟) 考试科目: 分钟) 分钟 分钟) 口译实务测试 (30分钟) 分钟 • 考试基本要求: 考试基本要求: 1. 掌握5000个以上英语词汇。 掌握5000个以上英语词汇 个以上英语词汇。 2. 初步了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识。 初步了解中国和英语国家的文化背景知识。 3. 胜任一般场合的交替传译。 胜任一般场合的交替传译。 • 通过率:本考试不控制通过率,考试只要达到了各科试卷 通过率:本考试不控制通过率, 总分数的60% 60%就可以拿到证书 总分数的60%就可以拿到证书
1 thousand 10 thousand 100 thousand = 1千 千 = 1万 万 = 10万 万
million:
1 million 10 million 100 million = 100万 万 = 1000万 万 =1亿
口译1-基础知识
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Interpreting tips and skills: 口译 vs. 笔译
Now the superpowers have been exposed to the
charge that they reserve their nuclear weapons for the revolutionary people of the world . Incorrect: 现在超级大国已受到他们储存核武器是为 了对付世界革命人民的指责。 Correct: 现在超级大国已受到这样的指责,即他们储 存核武器是为了对付世界革命人民。
Unit Objectives (单元目标)
After reading this unit, you should
understand what and how to prepare for the interpreting tasks in the long and short run. find ways to improve your interpreting skills and performance.
Linguistic anticipation语言系预测
Almost thirteen years ago, on July 1st, 1997, in this very special place, in a solemn ceremony marking the hand-over, President Jiang announced to the world the return of Hong Kong to China.(近十三 年前,1997年7月1日,江主席莅临此地,出席庄 严肃穆的香港回归大典,向全世界宣布香港回归 祖国。)
简明商务英语口译教程Unit 1[精]
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2.Our foreign secretary //on one occasion //stated our objectives// in terms of three quite simple principles //which I think are still true.
the scientific world. 25.The machine is automatically controlled.
Section B Translation Skills 断句
断句是口译技巧中最重要的一种,在语 法学习中我们称作意群。它是对意义的 亚单元进行切分,切分的好坏直接影响 对句子的理解以及传译。要切分好一个 句子主要可以用下述三种切分标志:从 句结构,介词短语,分词结构。
2.The shaky voice of terrified acquaintance told me that the German troops would begin the occupation of Bohemia and Moravia.
3.It’s a story they tell in the border countryside, where Massachusetts joins Vermont and New Hampshire.
home-made washers have recently appeared on the local market. The quality is quite good and the price per set is only 380 dollars. How can the washers be salable if we import your washers at 460 dollars?
专业课课程教学大纲模板口译1Interpretation1必填项
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专业课课程教学大纲模板口译⑴Interpretation (1)一、基本信息(必填项)课程代码:课程学分:2.0面向专业:英语课程性质:系级必修课开课院系:外国语学院英语系使用教材:《口译教程》(第二版),主编杨柳燕苏伟,上海外语教育出版社参考书目:1.《中级口译教程》(第三版),主编:梅德明,上海外语教育出版社2.《交替传译一一高等学校翻译专业本科教材》,主编:王丹,外语教学与研究出版社3.《英语口译笔记法实战指导》,主编:吴钟明,武汉大学出版社课程网站网址:先修课程:《基础英语》(1-4)、《英语听力(1-4)》、《高级英语视听说》、《笔译(1)二、课程简介(必填项)《口译(1)》是为英语本科高年级学生开设的英语专业基础必须课程。
教学内容主要由讲授口译基本理论、训练口译基本技巧及培养口译员具有耐挫抗压、爱岗敬业,有效沟通、自主反思,信息的搜索、提炼与整合等工作素养三方面内容构成。
教学方式以课堂教学为主,课后练习为辅。
目的通过大量的专题型任务训练使学生掌握口译的基本理论和专题连续传译的技能,能够运用口译的信息听辨、提炼主旨、记忆方法、口头概述,口译笔记等技能,较准确、流畅地进行汉英对译,达到能够担任外宾日常生活的口译水平,同时充分认识口译工作在社会经济中的跨文化沟通桥梁作用和地位并具备相应的国际视野,及爱国守法、守信守责的职业道德操守。
三、选课建议(必填项)本课程适合英语专业三年级以上学生选修,学生应完成英语专业基础必须课程,具有较大的词汇量、较扎实的语法知识以及较强的英语听说能力。
四、课程与专业毕业要求的关联性(必填项)备注:LO=learning outcomes (学习成果)五、课程目标/课程预期学习成果(必填项)(预期学习成果要可测量/能够证明)六、课程内容(必填项)此处分单元列出教学的知识点和能力要求。
知识点用布鲁姆认知能力的6种层次:(“知道”、“理解”、“运用”、“分析”、“综合”、“评价”)来表达对学生学习要求上的差异。
英语口译课程
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英语口译课程The English interpretation course was a game-changer for me. It opened up a world of possibilities where language wasno longer a barrier.Each session was a blend of theory and practice, where we dissected the intricacies of spoken English. We learned to listen actively, to grasp the essence of a speaker's message, and to convey it with clarity and precision.The course was a challenge, but it was also exhilarating. We practiced interpreting in real-time, which was nerve-wracking at first but ultimately rewarding as our skills grew.One of the most valuable aspects was the exposure to diverse accents and dialects. It taught us the importance of adaptability in the world of interpretation.The course also emphasized the ethical considerations of interpretation, reminding us of the responsibility we carryto remain impartial and accurate in our translations.The mock sessions were particularly insightful,simulating real-life scenarios that prepared us for the unpredictability of professional interpretation.The camaraderie among the students was a highlight of the course. We supported each other through the tough moments andcelebrated our progress together.In conclusion, the English interpretation course was an enriching experience that not only honed my linguistic skills but also instilled a sense of confidence and professionalism in me.。
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The symbols of the formal establishment of conference interpretation as a profession: The first interpreting school was set up in 1950 in Geneva, Switzerland; AIIC, the International Association of Conference Interpreters, was founded on Nov. 11, 1953 with its Secretariat in Geneva.
b. Dissimilarities The Other Basic Requirements for Interpreters
(1) Acute hearing (to grasp the meaning) (2)A good command of idioms, slang and proverbs, as well as register & appropriateness. (3)Phonetic competence (accent, intonation, stress and rhythms) & public speaking skills (4) Outstanding memory and note-taking ability (5) psychological competence: quick-witted, calm, resourceful (avoid panic and stage fright)
Interpreter’s knowledge structure
KI=KL+EK+S(P+AP) 译员应该掌握的知识 =双语知识+百科知识 +技 能(职业口译技能 +艺术表达技能 ) KI=Knowledge Required for an Interpreter KL=Knowledge for language EK=Encyclopedic Knowledge S(P+AP)= Professional Interpreting Skills and Artistic Presentation Skills
2.2 The Types of Interpreting
1) In terms of form: consecutive interpretation, Differences simultaneous interpretation, sight interቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱretation
At present, only 10-15% of interpreting in the UN and EU and general international conference is done in CI. In CI, since the interpreter does not start interpreting until the original speaker has stopped, the interpreter has time to analyze the message as a whole. therefore, a higher standard of accuracy, completeness and logic can be accomplished.
* Encyclopedic knowledge * Knowledge relating to the subject matter * Cross-cultural awareness * Strong sense of responsibility and good professional ethics
The oldest and youngest profession.
Two historical events stimulated the development of the profession. The Paris Peace Conference of 1919; The Nuremberg Trials of Nazi war criminals in 1945–46.
Similarities and dissimilarities between translating and interpreting 1)In terms of medium & working environment & time limit: Translation Interpreting
INTERPRETING
Unit One A General Introduction
Today’s Main Teaching Content
1. A general introduction to interpreting 2. A general introduction to this course and the requirements of the course 3. A general introduction to interpreting tests in China
written fairly relaxing
has certain time limits
oral on the spot
spontaneous
2) In terms of process a. Similarities: input → comprehension → output
b. Differences: * Interpreting: receive information → decode → memorize → encode → expression
Interpreting : accuracy and fluency Translation: faithfulness, smoothness and gracefulness
4) In terms of the requirements of translators and interpreters a. Similarities: * Language skills
2. An Introduction to Interpreting
2.1 The Definition of Interpreting
Interpreting is where an interpreter takes a spoken message in one language and repeats it in another.
Between the two World Wars, consecutive interpreting had predominant status.
The first attempt to introduce SI was made shortly before the Second World War. SI was first patented as a technique by IBM in 1926, and its first implementation (in whisper form) was at Geneva in a tentative form in 1927 and, on a larger scale, in the former USSR in 1928 for the Sixth Congress of Comintern. However, it was during the Nuremberg trials of the Nazi war criminals, which were conducted in English, French, Russian, and German that real full-scale simultaneous interpretations was first used. From 1947 onward, simultaneous interpretation had come to stay at the United Nations.
1. Introduction to Interpreting Course
To think about: 1) what is translation? 2) what is interpretation? 3) what's the difference between them? ( Compared with translation, what is the difficulty in interpreting?)
In the years after the Second World War, with the establishment of the United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and many other international organs, there was a growing need for new interpreters to join the ranks of the first generation of highly skilled but untrained conference interpreters.
In the headquarters of the EU in Luxembourg and Brussels, most of the meeting rooms are facilitated with eleven booths for eleven languages (English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Greek, Dutch, Portuguese, Finnish, Swedish and Danish). The Official languages of the United Nations are the six languages that are used in UN meetings, and in which all official UN documents are written, including: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish Several training institutions were founded in Europe. Since then the training institutions for conference interpreter have sprung all over the world.