肺结核 英文PPT
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肺结核(英文版)PPT
Mycobacterium microti（田鼠型） disease
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
drinking non-sterilised milk from infected cows
Mycobacterium bovis （牛型） Pasteurization(巴氏消毒) has largely eliminated its infection
Primary infection: firm nodule, deep ulcer form and persist , until the animals die.
reinfection: local induration , superfical ulcer, healed quickly.
Caused by the delayed hypersensitivity and immunity in TB disease.
India. is closely linked to the poor public health in these countries.
The incidence of tuberculosis has declined dramatically over past
decades of years.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB for short)
is a rod-shaped(杆状), slow-growing, aerobic（需氧）bacterium, has an unusual, waxy（蜡状的）coating on its cell surface (primarily due to the presence of mycolic acid（分枝菌酸）), which accounts for many of its unique clinical characteristics, such as its imperviousness（不通 透性） to Gram staining, so it is classified as an acid-fast bacillus (AFB, 抗酸杆菌).
结核病总论英文PPT课件
tuberculotherapy
• Anti-tuberculosis drugs
• Whole germicide：in acid and alkali，exterior and interior of cell can kill germ。(INH RFP)
• Half germicide：in acid or alkali environment kill cell interior or exterior TB，SM /PZA
• erythema nodosum、exanthematous conjunctivitis。
•8
diagnose
• 2 ：OT test
– agent：1/2000 or 1/10000 PPD – dose：0.1ML（OT 5U）（or 1U）。 – position：left forearm palmaris below 1/3 – Infuse intracutaneous form 6-10mm hillock。 – 48~72hr observation reaction。
• Rifater(INH,RFP PZA)
• old drug derivant：Rifapentine
• New chemicals：Dipasic，to delay resistant INH drug
• standard treatment：
• refer to asymptomatic primarily pulmonary tuberculosis
5：bronchofiberscopy check：to definite
Endotracheal membrane TB and tuberculosis of trachebronchial lymph nodes。
肺结核PlmonaryTuberculosis课件
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继发性结核
• 内源性复发 • 外源性重染
• 有明显临床症状，需积极治疗，自然病 程5年死亡率50%，防治重点。
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病理与分型
基本病理变化
渗出性病变 增殖性病变 干酪性病变 • 相互转化、交错存在 • 多态性、多形性、多变性
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结核结节
郎罕氏细胞
增殖 30
易感。
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影响因素
• 细菌数量 • 空间密度 • 通风情况 • 接触时间 • 免疫状况
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化疗的影响
• 2周 5% • 4周 0.25%
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感染途径
• 呼吸道传播 90-95% 传染性微滴核(咳嗽、打喷嚏等)
• 消化道传播 • 接触传播
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空洞
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结核性胸膜炎(IV型)
• 结核性干性胸膜炎 • 结核性渗出性胸膜炎 • 结核性脓胸
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结核性渗出胸膜炎(IV型)
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肺外结核(V型)
• 骨结核 • 肾结核 • 肠结核 • 结核性脑膜炎
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痰结核菌检查
继发型肺结核
两上肺、肺尖云絮、斑片状阴影，边缘模 糊的较高密度不均一、大片状阴影，可有透 亮区或空洞，多形病灶混合存在
结核性渗出性胸膜炎 患侧呈上缘为外高内低弧形的大片致密影
结核菌素试验
• 方法：皮内注射，观察48-72h
普查
1：2000 5TU
肺结核英文介绍ppt课件
肺结核英文介绍
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First,a control system
Second, the patients
need to see doctors because of illness
Third,management.Stre
ngthening the management of registration of patients
肺结核英文介绍
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Daily Preventive measures
肺结核英文介绍
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That's all. Thank you.
肺结核英文介绍
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Tubercle bacillus 肺结核菌
肺结核英文介绍
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Transmission way - through the AIR
Cough Sneeze Spit Give off airborne droplets
肺结核英文介绍
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肺结核英文介绍
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Susceptible population
• In addition to genetic factors , still include the life to poverty, living crowded, malnutrition and other social factors
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
肺结核英文介绍
3723
Sunny Lynn Martina Angeline Hermion Sonia
1
It is a chronic infectious disease(慢性传染疾病),
Tuberculosis definition
肺结核英文讲稿PPT专业课件
color despite attempts at decolorization, hence the name
acid-fast bacilli(AFB).
(acid-red:alkali-blue)
3.The cell wall has high acid content, which makes it
hydrophobic, resistant to oral fluids.
Epidemiology
One of the leading infectious disease killers.
One third of the world's population is currently infected with TB.
The TB lesion often locates at posterior or apical segment of the upper lobe or the superior segment of the lower lobe,especially at the apex of lung just as the picture poinn as
The Father of Bacteriology
He was presented with the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1905 for his
investigations and discoveries in relation to
its overall incidence is increasing worldwide because of the enhanced susceptibility of AIDS patients and the appearance of drug resistant strains.
肺结核 教学ppt
诊断
（三）痰结核分枝杆菌检查 • 是确诊肺结核病的主要方法，也是制定化疗方案和考核治疗效果的
主要依据。 • 每一个有肺结核可疑症状或肺部有异常阴影的患者都必须查痰。 • 痰标本的收集：肺结核患者的排痰具间断性和不均匀性，故要多次
查痰。初诊患者送清晨痰、夜间痰和即时痰。复诊患者每次送两份 痰标本。
诊断
临床表现
二、体征 取决于病变性质和范围。
病变范围较小时，可无任何体征。 渗出性病变范围较大或干酪样坏死时，可有肺实变体征。 较大的空洞性病变可闻及支气管呼吸音。 结核性胸膜炎时有胸腔积液体征。 支气管结核可有局限性哮鸣音。
诊断
一、诊断方法 （一）病史和症状体征 1、症状体征情况 2、诊断治疗过程 3、肺结核接触史
鉴别诊断
1、肺炎 •主要与浸润性肺结核、干酪样肺炎等继 发型肺结核鉴别。 •起病急，伴有发热，咳嗽、咳痰明显。 •胸片示密度较淡且较均匀的片状或斑片 状阴影。 •抗菌治疗后体温迅速下降，1～2周左右 阴影有明显吸收。
右上肺肺炎
鉴别诊断
2、肺癌 中央型肺癌与肺门淋巴结结核、周围型肺
癌与结核球鉴别。肺癌多有长期吸烟史。表现 为刺激性咳嗽，痰中带血、胸痛和消瘦等症状。 胸片示肺癌肿块常呈分叶状，有毛刺、切迹。 癌组织坏死液化后，可形成偏心厚壁空洞。多 次痰脱落细胞和结核分枝杆菌检查、病灶活检 可协助鉴别。
结核病的发生与发展
三、继发性结核 • 继发性结核病有明显的临床症状，容易出现空洞和排菌，有传染性，
是防治工作的重点。 • 两种发病方式： ✓ 内源性复发:原发性结核感染时期遗留下来的潜在病灶中的结核分
枝杆菌重新活动而发生的结核病。 ✓ 外源性重染:由于受到结核分枝杆菌的再感染而发病。
肺结核课件PPT课件
二、肺结核诊断程序
可疑症状患者的筛选
胸部影像异常
是否肺结核
系统检查
胸部影像正常
除外肺结核
除外肺结核 是肺结核
非活动肺结核 活动肺结核
反复查痰
是否排菌
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肺结核诊断
一、诊断方法 二、肺结核诊断程序 三、肺结核分类标准和诊断要点
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肺结核诊断
三、肺结核分类标准和诊断要点
◆ 分类：
1.原发型肺结核 原胸发内含（综淋急急合巴性性征结血粟结行粒核播型散 肺型 结肺 核结 ）核 、
（1）多形性 （2）抗酸性 是与其他细菌鉴别的方法之一 （3）生长缓慢 培养时间一般为2-8周 （4）抵抗力强 （5）菌体结构复杂
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结核病在人群中的传播
◆ 传染原 继发性肺结核患者,痰查阳性
◆传播途径 飞沫传播是肺结核最重要的传播途径
◆易感人群 机体自然抵抗力和获得性抵抗力低下
◆影响传染性的因素 排菌多少、密度、通风情况、接触程度和时间及 机体抵抗力
4）用药于敏检鉴出定感染，而不是检出结核病 5）结其核他菌检素测为技纯术蛋特白异衍抗化体物PPPCDR 4噬8-菌72体小法时等观察结果
测硬结直径=（横径+纵径）/2
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肺结核诊断
一、诊断方法
5.结核菌素试验
硬结直径mm
结果判定
≤4
阴性
5~9
弱阳性
10~19
阳性
≥20或＜20局部
强阳性
出水泡或淋巴管炎
病理
◆◆病基理本变病化理转变归化：
渗出：完发全生吸在收早或期仅或留病有变纤恶维化条复索发影时 增生为主：发纤生维在化机或体小抵硬抗结力强病变恢复
阶段 干酪样坏死：未发经生治在疗结发核生分液支化杆或菌形毒成力空强洞，
肺结核pulmonarytubercul-PPT课件
2. 血行播散型肺结核
(1) 急性血行播散 型肺结核(急性粟粒 型肺结核)
双肺对称分布， 大小相等，密度均 匀的粟粒样结节。
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2) 亚急性和慢性 血行播散型肺结 核
双肺上中部分 布为主的大小不 等，密度不均匀， 新、旧病灶同时 存在的结节状或 小斑片状阴影.
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三、 浸润型肺结核
体格检查：Ｔ38℃ Ｐ100次/分 Ｒ20次/ 分 BP 120/80mmHg. 发育正常，营养 中等，消瘦，表浅淋巴结未触及，左上肺 及肩胛间区可闻及小水泡音，心脏听诊无 异常，腹平软，肝脾未触及。胸片：
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【鉴别诊断】
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一.结核球与肺癌的鉴别
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→ →
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二.结核空洞与肺癌空洞、肺脓肿空洞的 鉴别
3、培养法
4、聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain reaction P.C.R)
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二、Ｘ线检查
是早期发现肺结核的主要方 法;
也是肺结核分型的重要依据。
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三、结核菌素试验
①旧结核菌素(OT） （Old tuberculin). ②结核菌素纯蛋白衍生物(P.P.D). (purified protein derivative)
强阳性(＋＋＋)硬结直径＞20mm。或
局
部有水疱，坏死者。
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临床意义
1.阳性意义:
(1) 成人 P.P.D试验5U阳性，只说明 有结核感染。
(2) P.P.D试验1U强阳性，说明体内有 活动性结核病灶。
(3) 3岁以下儿童5U P.P.D试验强阳性， 应视为有新近感染的活动性结核病灶。
肺结核课件PPT
❖ 3.体征 ❖ 取决于病变性质、部位、范围或程度。 ❖ 病灶以渗出、干酪性肺炎时，叩诊浊音，听渗闻及
支气管呼吸音和细湿音。 ❖ 继发型肺结核好发于上叶尖后段，于肩胛间区闻及
细湿罗音，极大提示有诊断价值。 ❖ 空洞性病变位置浅表而引流支气管通畅时，有支气
管呼吸音或伴湿罗音；巨大空洞可出现带金属调的 空瓮音。 ❖ 慢性纤维空洞性肺结核患侧胸廓塌陷、气管和纵隔 向患侧移位、叩诊音浊、听诊呼吸音降低或闻及湿 罗音，以及肺气肿征象。 ❖ 支气管结核有局限性哮鸣音，特别是呼气或咳嗽末。
个月。 ❖ 结核菌不耐热，对紫外线亦甚敏感 ❖ 结核菌培养的营养要求较高、生长缓慢 ❖ 结核菌细胞壁富含脂质，约占细胞壁的60%， ❖ 细胞壁中尚含脂多糖，其中脂阿拉伯甘露聚糠（lipoarabanmannan，LAM）具
有广泛的免疫原性 ❖ 结核菌的菌体主要是蛋白质，占菌体千重的5 0%。依据蛋白抗原定位结核蛋白
mediated immunity，CMl)和迟发型过敏反应 （delay type hypersensitivity，DTH） ③共生期： ④细胞外增殖和传播期：
（二）CMI和DTH
❖ CMI特点 ❖ 核糖体RNA ❖ Th细胞介导 ❖ 在菌量少、毒力低或感染早
期Th1型反应起主导作用 ❖ 参与调节的细胞因子很多 ❖ 通过激活巨噬细胞
治疗
❖ （一）抗结核化学治疗 ❖ l. 化疗药物 ❖ (1)异烟肼INH： ❖ 机制：INH抑制结核菌叶酸合成 ❖ 作用：对胞内和胞外代谢活跃、持续繁殖或静止的结核菌均有杀菌作用 ❖ 范围：INH可渗入全身各组织中，容易通过脑脊液屏障，胸腔积液、干酪样病灶
中药物浓度很高 ❖ 剂量：成人剂量每天300mg（或每天4-8mg/kg）．一次口服；儿童每天5-
肺结核英文讲稿课件
Avoid contact with pathogens
• Close contact with people who have active pulmonary tuberculosis can increase the risk of infection Therefore, it is important to avoid contact with people who are coaching, sniffing, or spitting blood If you have been in contact with someone who has active pulmonary tuberculosis, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly and take appropriate measures to prevent infection
and sputum culture tests
Additional tests may be needed to rule out other diseases that cause similar
symptoms
02
Prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis
Vacation
prevention and control measures
Common symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain,
fever, night sweats, and weight loss
Diagnosis is made through a combination of Chest X-ray, sputum smear microscopy,
肺结核英文课件
4, the sick side of the chest pain, fever, shortness of breath and other
sympt1.Drug-resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line antiTB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF).
tent TB Infection:
The medications used to treat latent TB infection include:
isoniazid (INH)(异烟肼) rifampin (RIF)(利福平) rifapentine (RPT)(利福喷丁)
Certain groups of people (such as people with weakened immune systems) are at very high risk of developing TB disease once infected with TB bacteria.
After several years of joint efforts worldwide, the global tuberculosis epidemic trend appears new change. By the end of 2011who announced a global significant new findings: (1) since 2006, the absolute number of cases of tuberculosis declined (as opposed to a global report on the slow rise); (2) since 2002, of tuberculosis incidence decreased ( this more than ever the incidence began to decline in2010, two years earlier ), estimating the global new tuberculosis patients: a report of 8800000 cases; (3) reduced the annual TB deaths estimated number;2010 not infected with the AIDS virus to patients with tuberculosis death toll to 1100000, and 35death in HIV-infected tuberculosis; (4) in 2009, with nearly 10000000of children whose parents died of tuberculosis orphaned.
sympt1.Drug-resistant Tuberculosis:
Drug-resistant TB is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one first-line antiTB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is resistant to more than one anti-TB drug and at least isoniazid (INH) and rifampin (RIF).
tent TB Infection:
The medications used to treat latent TB infection include:
isoniazid (INH)(异烟肼) rifampin (RIF)(利福平) rifapentine (RPT)(利福喷丁)
Certain groups of people (such as people with weakened immune systems) are at very high risk of developing TB disease once infected with TB bacteria.
After several years of joint efforts worldwide, the global tuberculosis epidemic trend appears new change. By the end of 2011who announced a global significant new findings: (1) since 2006, the absolute number of cases of tuberculosis declined (as opposed to a global report on the slow rise); (2) since 2002, of tuberculosis incidence decreased ( this more than ever the incidence began to decline in2010, two years earlier ), estimating the global new tuberculosis patients: a report of 8800000 cases; (3) reduced the annual TB deaths estimated number;2010 not infected with the AIDS virus to patients with tuberculosis death toll to 1100000, and 35death in HIV-infected tuberculosis; (4) in 2009, with nearly 10000000of children whose parents died of tuberculosis orphaned.
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Lin daiyu
Due to illness and charming. Due to illness and beauty.
Lin daiyu
According to the description of the novel, Lin daiyu was a kind of chronic disease. The disease mainly displayed cough, sputum and any number of hemoptysis.
Transmission way
Mycobacterium tuberculosis spread mainly through the cough, spray whoosh, laugh, talk loudly. Droplet transmission is the most important means of transmission of tuberculosis.
Clinical manifestations
Systemic tuberculosis poisoning symptoms: such as the afternoon hot flash, lack of power, decreased appetite, night sweats. Respiratory symptoms: cough, sputum, chest pain, coughing up blood, shortness of breath.
Pulmonary tuberculosis
肺结核病
Speaker：临床医学2010级10中班
陈巧 3100103489
Tuberculosis definition
Tuberculosis is caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis It is a chronic infectious diseases, involvement of the whole body visceral organs
1、 Exudative lesion（渗出性病变）：
2、Proliferative lesion（增殖型病变）：
3、Caseation（干酪性坏死）：
How to prevent and control
First，a control system Second, the patients need to see doctors because of illness Third, management.Strengthening the management of registration of patients
Susceptible population
In addition to genetic factors , still include the life to poverty, living crowded, malnutrition and other social factors The elderly, HIV infections, immune inhibitor users and chronic disease are all tuberculosis’ susceptible population
Daily preventive measures
Often open windows Develop good health habits Often exercise Keep a balanced diet Timely increase or decrease clothes Avoid going to many crowded public place ……
Cause ：tubercle bacillus
Tubercle bacillus
Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to acid dyed red. Resistance is strong, in dry sputum can survive in half a year. Slow growing, training should be 2 -- 8 weeks to form obvious colony.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis！！！
Pulmonary tuberculosis
Cause Source of infection Transmission way Susceptible population Clinical manifestations How to prevent and control
Source of infection
The main source for the spread of tuberculosis is mainly secondary tuberculosis patiious depends on how much the amount of bacteria in the sputum.