(全)考研英语-阅读必背6类长难句和结构解析

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考研英语阅读理解部分试题解析

Could the bad old days of economic decline beabout to return? Since OPEC agreed tosupply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel,up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls upscary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, whenthey also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digitinflation and global economic decline. So where are theheadlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraqsuspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time aswinter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in theshort term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences nowto be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countries the cost of crude oilnow accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so evenquite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump pricesthan in the past. Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were, and soless sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift toother fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensiveindustries have reduced oil consumption. Software,consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil than steel or carproduction. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now usenearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest EconomicOutlook that, it oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, comparedwith $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies byonly 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economies—to which heavy industry has shifted—have become more energy-intensive,and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to lose sleep over the rise in oil prices isthat, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the backgroundof general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizableportion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. TheEconomist's commodity price index is broadly unchanging from a year ago. In1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 byalmost 30%. 51. The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is ［A］ global inflation. ［B］ reduction in supply. ［C］ fast growth in economy. ［D］ Iraq's suspension of exports. 52. It can be inferred from the text that the retail price of petrolwill go up dramatically if ［A］ price of crude rises. ［B］ commodity prices rise. ［C］ consumption rises. ［D］ oil taxes rise. 53. The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries. ［A］ heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive. ［B］ income loss mainly results from fluctuating crude oil prices. ［C］ manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed. ［D］ oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP. 54. We can draw a conclusion from the text that. ［A］ oil-price shocks are less shocking now. ［B］ inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks. ［C］ energy conservation can keep down the oil prices. ［D］ the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry. 55. From the text we can see that the writer seems ［A］ optimistic. ［B］ sensitive. ［C］ gloomy. ［D］ scared. ⼀、⽂章结构分析⽂章⼤意：最近这次⽯油价格的⼤幅上涨的影响不会像以前那样严重。

干货：考研英语长难句真题解析(五)

干货：考研英语长难句真题解析（五）摘要：考研英语是所有备考科目中比较难的科目，语法长难句部分更是重点，所以拿下这部分很关键。

为此，老师整理考研英语长难句真题解析希望对大家有所帮助。

►考研英语长难句真题解析(17)( 2015年真题 Section I Use of English 第1段第2句)That is what a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has concluded.译文：这是加州大学和耶鲁大学发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一项研究得出的结论。

分析：本句的主干是：That(主语)+ is(系动词)+ what 引导的表语从句。

表语从句的主语是a study, 谓语是has concluded，之间的过去分词短语published Sciences做a study的后置定语。

在这个过去分词短语中，介词短语from和in均做状语。

词汇指南California (n.)加利福尼亚(美国一个州)1个形近词：●calorie (n.)卡路里,热卡(食物的热量单位)(超纲词汇)(2008年-阅读3)►考研英语长难句真题解析(18)( 2014年真题Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension Part A Text 4 第6段第2句)Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.译文：然而它发布的报告很可能会阻碍人文教育改革的步伐，因为国会要求它阐明出挑战的深度和广度，这一点却并没有被讲清楚。

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译y

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. The mergers of telecom companies , such as WorldCom , hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress .结构：•The mergers of telecom companies [主] , such as WorldCom [插入语] , hardly seem to bring [谓] higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress [宾]单词：Hardly n.几乎不简直不刚刚Reduction n.减少消减缩减pace n.节奏速度Peace n.和平Progress n.进步进展vt.使...发展Process n.过程进程vt.加工处理词组：Such as 例如Seem to 似乎好像直译：通信公司的合并，比如世界通信公司，似乎并没有给消费者带来高额的费用或者是科技进程的减缓译文：像世界通信公司这样的电信公司的合并，似乎没有给消费者带来更高的费用，或者减缓技术的进步速度重点：•Seem to 似乎好像2. On the contrary , the price of communications is coming down fast . In cars , too , concentration is increasing——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan —— but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt .结构：•On the contrary , the price of communications [主] is coming down fast [谓].•In cars , too , concentration [主] is increasing [谓]——witness Daimler and Chrysler , Renault and Nissan [插入语] —— but it [形式主语] does not appear [谓]•真正主语：that consumers [主] are being hurt [谓（被动）]单词：witness n.目击者证人证据vt.为...作证证明词组：On the contrary 相反地直译：相反地，通讯的价格正在快速下降。

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译q

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. In many such cases , a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing , promoting , or developing whatever it is before everyone else paid attention .结构：•In many such cases [状] ,• a cursory search for causes [主] finds [谓]•宾语从句：that some small group of people[主] was wearing , promoting , or developing [谓（过去进行时）]•宾语从句：whatever it [主] is[谓]•时间状语从句：before everyone else [主] paid attention [谓]单词：Cursory a.草率的粗略的匆忙的词组：Search for 寻找搜索Pay attention to 关注解析：•宾语从句中包含了一个宾语从句，第二个宾语从中又包含了一个时间状语从句•that引导宾语从句，做finds的宾语•Whatever引导宾语从句做was wearing,promoting,ordeveloping的宾语•Before引导时间状语从句直译：在很多这样的例子中，一个对原因的粗略探索发现，无论是什么，人们中的一些小群体都曾穿，推销，发展过它们，在其他人关注之前译文：在许多诸如此类的案例中，如果只是粗略地寻找原因，你会发现总是有一小群人开风气之先，率先穿上、宣传和开发此前从未留意的东西重点：•宾语从句中包含了一个宾语从句，第二个宾语从中又包含了一个时间状语从句•that引导宾语从句，做finds的宾语•Whatever引导宾语从句做was wearing,promoting,ordeveloping的宾语•Before引导时间状语从句2. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trends .结构：•Anecdotal evidence of this kind [主] fits nicely with[谓] the idea [宾]•同位语从句：that only certain special people [主] can drive [谓] trends [宾]单词：anecdotal a.轶闻的fit vt.合身合适使升任词组：Fit with 符合适合解析：•that引导同位语从句修饰idea，在句子中不做成分直译：这种轶闻的证据和那个理论相符合，这个理论是只有某些特殊的人才能引领潮流译文：这种事实证据正好与”只有某些特殊人物次啊能引领潮流“这一观点吻合重点：•Fit with 符合适合•that引导同位语从句修饰idea，在句子中不做成分3. In their recent work , however , some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed . In fact , they don’t seem to be required at all .结构：•In their recent work , [状]•插入语：however ,•some researchers [主] have come up with [谓] the finding [宾]•同位语从句：that influentials [主] have [谓] far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed [表] .•In fact , they [主] don’t seem to [系] be required at all [表]单词：Generally a.总体大体普遍词组：Come up with 提出想出赶上Seem to 似乎好像Not at all 一点也不解析：•that引导同位语从句补充说明finding• A than B, 翻译为和B相比A怎样直译：然而，在最近的研究中，一些研究人员提出一个发现，即，和我们通常认为的相比，有影响力的人对社会潮流的影响其实很小。

考研英语阅读必背50个长难句

考研英语阅读必背50个长难句1. It is difficult to the point ofimpossibility for the average reader under theage of forty to imagine a time when high- quality arts criticism could be found in most big-citynewspapers. (2010 T1 P2)对于平均年龄40岁以下的读者而言, 他们很难想象在大多数大城市的主流报纸上可以读到高质量的艺术评论的那一年代。

2. To read such books today is tomarvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general- circulation dailies. (2010 T1 P2)今天我们阅读这样的书籍,会惊讶于这样的一个事实:这些学术性文艺评论曾经被认为适合刊登在面向大众发行的日报上。

3. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers wouldwrite in detail and at length about the events they covered. (2010 T1 P3)在那些远去的日子里,主流报刊的评论家们详尽地评论所报道的事件,认为是理所当然的。

4. Curbs on business-method claimswould be a dramaticabout-face,because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its1998 decision in the so- called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of poolingmutual-fund assets. (2010 T2 P3)对于商业方法专利授予的限制将会出现巨大的转变,因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年被称为"州街银行案"的决议中引入了这类专利,其中的共有资产投资的管理方法被授予了专利。

考研英语长难句分析详解必考点[名师版]

考研英语长难句分析详解及阅读解析，必考点[名师版]Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty.1. 本句话的谓语动词为can hinder，主语从前往后找为transient investors，宾语a firm’s efforts；2. 主谓之间出现了一个who引导的从句，为定语从句，用来修饰主语，理解时需要前置；3. 宾语后有to do不定式的并列作定语用来修饰前面的名词efforts，理解时可以前置4. 要求公司获得高季度利润的临时投资者可能会阻碍公司投资长期研究或建立客户忠诚度的努力。

Grade inflation—the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher education, in which students are treated like customers to be pleased.1. 本句主干的谓语动词为is，主语Grade inflation，主谓之间有破折号引出的内容为同位语，对主语进行解释说明；2. 主句部分出现了多个短语做修饰，宾语后of a consumer era为介词短语作定语修饰product，in higher education 为介词短语也是用来稀释前门面的product；3. 同位语部分，有in的介词短语，以及over引导的介词短语，分别为修饰语，理解时需要前置4. 后半句有一个in which引导的定语从句，通过语义可判断用来修饰consumer era，从句最后面to be pleased为to do不定式用来修饰customers；5. 成绩通胀，即：过去几十年中平均GPA（平均绩点）的逐渐增加，通常被认为是高等教育消费时代的产物，在这种时代，学生被视为需要被取悦的客户。

（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句⼦是⼀个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。

其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。

obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，⽤改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

词汇释义function n. 作⽤，职责analogous a. 相似的，类似的judge n. 法官，裁判员obligation n. 义务，责任reveal v. 揭露，显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以⼀种尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译⽂他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：⽤尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰⾃⼰做出决定的推理过程。

英语阅读做题解题思路--笔记整理

的回答.
(4)抛砖引玉形:文章的开始讲一个例子或某个错误观点,随后出现了转折,而作者的观点为转折后的内容.
(5)散文或新闻类新闻的特点:
A抛砖引玉,引起争论
B貌似客观,实有倾向
(6)说明文的松散结构
五、常见考研文章所宣扬的主题
(1)经济乐观;经济周期
(2)教育平等
(3)鼓励创新
(4)生死由命(上帝)安乐死很难在英美国家通过
suspiction/suspicious(怀疑/怀疑的)
C中立态度:objective(客观的),neutral(中立的),impartial(公正的,不偏不倚的)
unbiased(无偏见的)
(3)如下选项必错: A indifference/indifferent (冷漠的不关心的/冷漠不关心)
B说明文
C记叙文
D应用文
考研常考话题: A经济学(西方经济学):年年,了解基本概念,术语
B教育学:隔年一考
C传播学(新闻)
D心理学
E科普文章
F散文:松散型议论文
G文学评论:诗评(考过)、书评(考过)、影评(未考过)
解题思路
一、细节题
(1)标志:针对文章的原因、论据、例子等细节信息提问,且题干中带有信号词.
(2)解题思路:例证题不是考察对于例子的理解,而是考找到例子所证实的观点.
(3)做题步骤: A返回原文,定位该例子
B 80%向上,20%向下,搜索例子所支持的观点.
C从选项中选择出原文观点的同义改写作为答案.
(4)例证题错误选项特征:错误选项只谈例子本身,或例子无关常识.
补充: But后面的信息无比重要,But前面的信息不重要.
(2)解题思路: A主旨题最后做

考研英语长难句精析(全)

考研英语长难句精析第一部分长难句基本句型近几年，考研英语出现了很多难句。

并且这些难句主要是长难句。

长难句的形成主要通过以下四种方式：复合从句、成分省略、使用插入语和改变句序。

这四种方式往往可以相互结合，从而形成更长的难句。

虽然形成长难句之方法有四，但是目的却只有一个，就是打断和打乱考生正常的阅读习惯和思维习惯，从而达到考察考生阅读能力和翻译能力的目标。

下面分别对这四种方式一一解析。

一、复合从句在考研中，复合从句中的从句最常见的是定语从句。

复合从句可分为简单复合从句和复杂复合从句。

本文将分词作状语和定语也归入从句范畴，当作一种更为灵活的从句形式。

这种语法处理，并不是从语言学研究角度进行的，而是从教学角度出发做出的从简处理。

（一）简单复合从句简单复合从句可以分为套用从句和并列从句两种。

套用从句，其实是最简单的长难句。

这类句子就像一根锁链，只要抓住句子的各个连接点，理出句子层次，就完全可以把握住。

在翻译定语从句时，“这（些/个）”常用来作为拆分句子的必用手段。

阅读时，定语从句一般可以跳过，实在不放心可以略读。

一般情况下，考研基本上不会在这种从句中有出题点。

并列从句大致有四种情况：并列从句修饰主语、谓语和宾语。

也就是说并列从句一般作定语或状语。

其实，并列从句和并列短语在语法功能上完全相同，只不过并列从句一般较长，会使考生在阅读中渐忘句子结构。

并列从句修饰主语，就是说并列从句作状语。

这种句子很简单。

翻译时，可以直译，把从句作定语，直接放在主语前面。

如果从句很长，可以使用复指代词。

另外，翻译从句先行词时，要注意词性的转换，比如hope/ suggest之类的词有名动两种译法。

考生要切忌拘于词性。

并列从句修饰谓语就是说这些从句作状语。

一般情况下，这些从句都不完整，多为现在分词短语和过去分词短语。

事实上，现在分词短语和过去分词短语作状语或者定语，都可以看作是从句的一种更加灵活的表达方式。

并列从句修饰宾语。

宾语有两种，一种是单纯宾语，另一种是介宾结构中的准宾语。

2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(2)

2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(2)考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(2)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语：阅读长难句辨析(2)咱们先来看2020年考研英语阅读Text2中这句话。

While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.这句话，乍一看没什么生单词，但是理解起来很费劲。

理解这句话的关键点在于“rate”这个词。

之前同学们学习的时候，这个单词词性是名词，含义是“比率”。

但在这句话之中，rate 很明显是动词，做谓语，其含义是“认为”。

看清楚这个词之后，我们再来研究该句子的结构，前半句是由“while”引导的让步状语从句，主句其实在后面，“this has limited political support”，是“主谓宾”结构。

让步状语从句之中，动词“show”的后面是宾语从句。

“Britons rate “the countryside”alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country”。

该宾语从句的含义是“英国人把“乡村”与皇室、莎士比亚和国民医疗服务制度列为国家最让他们自豪的四个方面”。

那么整句话的含义就是：尽管民意调查显示，英国人把“乡村”与皇室、莎士比亚和国民医疗服务制度列为国家最让他们自豪的四个方面，但是这种观点得到的政治支持却极为有限。

考研英语经典长难句——比较结构

考研英语经典长难句——比较结构一、长难句训练题1、There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.2、Science moves forward, they say, not so much through the insights of great men of genius as because of more ordinary things like improved techniques and tool.3、For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80’s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations.4、The “failed” experiments are as much a part of the process as the experiment that ultimately “works”.5、But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a business is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business.二、长难句训练题解析1、结构分析：这是一个典型的than引导的比较结构。

考研英语长难句解析

考研英语长难句解析一、考研英语长难句之定语从句一、定语从句定语从句是英语中一种最常见的句型，它可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，即定语从句的关系词在文中修饰哪个词、短语或句子。

在主句中不可缺少的定语从句称限定性定语从句。

对主句起附加说明作用的定语从句称非限定性定语从句。

此外，定语从句和主句之间还存在着状语关系，说明原因、目的、让步、假设等。

例1.The change met the technical requirement of the new age andprevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and thirdgeneration after the energetic founders. (1996年真题)例2. The American economic system is, organized around a basicallyprivate-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced byspending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that theywant most.例3. If, on theother hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, thiswill tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price andpermit more consumers to buy the product.例4. The government promised to give preferential taxation policiesand loans of low interest rate to thoseenterprises that could improve theirstructure of production and were willing to take in over 50 laid-off workersyearly.例5. The local government introduced the snakes into this areahoping that they would control the number of mice, which finally became the threat needed to be controlled.例6.The environmental protection should be given priority which means the economic developmentwould be lowered to some extent in a developing country.例7.She was confirmed to be infected with bird flu that calls for a quarantine andmedical observation for weeks in the hospital.例8.In Europe, aselsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups whichbring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing housesthat work in relation to one another.(2005年真题)二、考研英语长难句之同位语从句例1. The audience leranedform the internet the news that aserious explosion broke out in Xi’ana few days ago.例2.The rumor that she eloped with her boyfriend justcannot hold water, for I saw herat home just now.例3. However, the conventional view that education should be one of the veryhighest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong.(2009年第3篇)三、考研英语长难句之倒装句倒装(inversion)是一种语法手段，用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。

考研英语长难句经典200句解析

1．Tight-lipped elders used to say, “It‟s not what you want in this world, but what you get.”结构分析：本句的主干是elders used to say…。

直接引语中是主系表结构, 注意not…but 结构。

参考译文：出言谨慎的长辈们过去常说，“问题不是你在这个世界上想要什么，而是你能得到什么。

”2．You can make a mental blueprint of a desire as you would make a blueprint of a house, and each of us is continually making these blueprints in the general routine of everyday living.结构分析：这句话是and连接的两个并列句。

在第一个分句中，as是连词，引导比较状语从句，把a mental blueprint of a desire和a blueprint of a house相比较。

第二个分句中的主干结构是：each of us is…making blueprints…。

第二个分句中用一般进行时表示经常发生的事情。

这样的结构常常用来表达经常发生的令人不快的、令人讨厌的事情。

参考译文：你可以在脑子里为你的愿望画一幅蓝图，就象给房子画蓝图那样。

实际上，在日常生活中，我们每一个人都在不断地描绘着这些蓝图。

3．While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your “wares” and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.结构分析：and 连接两个并列句。

考研英语长难句100句(已校准)

1. We become defensive when criticized, and apply negative stereotypes to others to boost our own esteem.2. Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point.3. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.4. At the same time,people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity.5. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure,executives who don't get the nod also may wish to move on.6. everyone needs to find their extra— their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.7. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it and not grasp music itself.8. Scientists jumped to the rescue with Some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.9. A moralist, satirist,and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of Englishsociety.10. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living.11. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism ”in society should be profit and the market .12. we need them to imagine the united states as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.13. The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment.14. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug's efficacy.15. Dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.16. He adds humbly that perhaps he was "superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.17. Many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should possess.18. Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.19. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.20. And perhaps faintly，they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques。

7.1必背长难句

考研英语必背长难句阅读命题常针对长难句。

所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。

今天先介绍长难句的把握方法，再给出一些典型的句子，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。

一、长难句一般应对策略1.从句又多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又含有从句应对方法：先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾，再层层展开2.句子中带有长长的插入成分：用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份，或解释、说明前面的内容应对方法：理解句子主干时，先不理会插入语，等把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分3. 分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。

一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，它就不是句子，而是分词短语、独立主格结构等，可以先跳过不看4. 三种情况的混合应对方法：从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分，从而区分出主句和分词状语，再根据主句与从句之间的连接词，区分出主句和从句，层层扩展理解，插入语在哪个层次，就放在哪个层次理解二、特殊句型对于特殊句型，如虚拟语气，可以将其理解成一种反事实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。

对于分隔结构而言，其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外，阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。

对于关联结构，要学会寻找第二部分，因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。

如在not…but…之中，重点在but…之后。

三、具体句子1、复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[参考译文]当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时，最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的，因为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、多么荒谬，在未来这些理论有可能会被视为正常的东西。

(全)考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结

考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句子是一个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。

其后who must accept the obligation 是一个定语从句。

obligation 后面的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，用改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。

词汇释义function n. 作用，职责analogous a. 相似的，类似的judge n. 法官，裁判员obligation n. 义务，责任reveal v. 揭露，显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以一种尽可能清楚明白的方式来展示推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译文他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能清楚明白的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。

考研英语长难句分析之特殊句式

考研英语长难句分析之特殊句式Revised final draft November 26, 2020第五讲特殊句式及长难句解析1．简单句、并列句、复合句从句: 名词性：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句形容词性：定语从句副词性：状语从句--- 时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、比较、方式2．省略句、比较结构、倒装句、分割结构英语中还有一些特殊句式，出现在阅读理解中，势必会成为我们理解文章的障碍。

但是，特殊句式还是有语法规律的，因此，如果我们能熟练应用特殊句式的语法规律，在阅读中一眼就能识别并领会这些特殊语法现象，障碍就基本克服了。

1.省略句资料47 To err is human; to forgive, divine.Brevity is the soul of wit. 文体畅晓，其智乃见。

（省略是将句子中的赘述部分删去，避免重复，使句子更简洁，加强表达内容的连贯性和逻辑性。

被省略的部分大多是主语、谓语或谓语中的助动词等。

文章中的省略现象会使句子成分短缺，造成句子不完整，如果看不出句子中省略了什么成分，就容易造成对文章的理解困难。

省略句一般只有当各组成部分有共同的成分才可能出现省略。

对于这类句式，其难点在于发现省略成分，一旦找出并补充完整，句意理解就会大大简化。

省略句如果出现在翻译中，在翻译的时候，一定要把省略的部分翻译出来，否则会扣分。

A：and 连接的并列句的省略材料48页：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）分析：很明显，and with it possibly the only way to solve our problem，是一个省略句，with做状语一般表示伴随，这一个分句只有一个状语加一个名词结构，构不成一个完整的句子。

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译n

考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. Bankers have been blaming themselves for their trouble in public . Behind the scenes , they have been taking aim at someone else : the accounting standard-setters .结构：•Bankers [主] have been blaming [谓] themselves for their trouble in public [宾] .•Behind the scenes [状], they [主] have been taking [谓] aim at someone else [宾] :•补充说明：the accounting standard-setters .单词：account n.账户客户报道vt.认为把...视为Accounting n.会计会计学账单v.解释叙述Setter n.制定者决定者词组：•Aim at 旨在瞄准针对•Accounting standard 会计准则解析：冒号表示补充说明，这里补充说明someone else直译：银行家一直在公共场合忏悔自己的错误。

在公共场合之外，他们一直针对会计准则制定者译文：在公开场合，银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎己身。

私底下，他们却一直将矛头对准他人：会计准则制定者重点：•Aim at 旨在瞄准针对•Accounting standard 会计准则•冒号表示补充说明，这里补充说明someone else2. Their rules , moan the banks , have forced them to report enormous losses , and it’s just not fair .结构：•Their rules [主] , moan the banks [插入语], have forced [谓] them to report enormous losses [宾] ,•and it’s [主系] just not fair [表] .单词：moan v.抱怨呻吟n.抱怨解析：•主谓之间有插入语，moan the banks直译：银行家抱怨，制定者制定的规则迫使他们报告巨大的损失，这是不公平的译文：银行抱怨，会计准则制定者所制定的规则迫使他们报告巨大的损失，这样是不公平的重点：•主谓之间有插入语，moan the banks3. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay , not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch .结构：•These rules [主] say [谓]•宾语从句：they [主] must value [谓] some assets at the price •定语从句：a third party [主] would pay [谓] , not the price •定语从句：managers and regulators [主] would like [谓] them to fetch [宾]单词：Asset n.资产Regulator n.监管人监管机构Fetch vt.卖的去取（物）去接（人）词组：Third party 第三方解析：•句子中有三个从句，一个宾语从句，两个定语从句•宾语从句包含这两个定语从句•They must...是宾语从句，省略引导词that• A third party...是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that•Managers and regulators... 是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that直译：这些规则规定，他们必须用第三方愿意支付的价格来评估某些资产，而不是用管理人和监管人认为他们能够卖出的价格评估译文：规则规定，银行必须以第三方愿意收购的价格，而非管理者和监管者期望他们能够卖的价格来评估部分资产重点：•句子中有三个从句，一个宾语从句，两个定语从句•宾语从句包含这两个定语从句•They must...是宾语从句，省略引导词that• A third party...是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that •Managers and regulators... 是定语从句修饰price,省略引导词that4. Unfortunately , bank’s lobbying now seems to be working . The details may be unknowable , but the independence of standard-setters , essential to the proper functioning of capital markets , is being compromised .结构：•Unfortunately , bank’s lobbying now [主] seems to [系] be working [表] .•The details [主] may be [系] unknowable [表] , but the independence of standard-setters [主] , essential to the proper functioning of capital markets [插入语] , is being compromised [谓（被动）]单词：Lobby vt.游说n.大厅休息室游说议员的团体Hobby n.兴趣爱好嗜好Compromise n.折衷妥协和解v.违背是陷入危险词组：May be 可能解析：•But the independence...句子中有一个插入语直译：不幸的是，如今银行家的游说似乎起作用了，详细的内容可能不会被知道，但是规则制定者的独立性，对于资本市场的适当作用是必要的，正在被威胁译文：不幸的是，银行的游说似乎有了成效。