过去分词ed和现在分词ing

龙文教育一对一个性化辅导教案
学生欧育文学校黄冈中学年级高三次数第 16 次科目英语教师林丹丹日期2016-4-1时段-
课题过去分词ed和现在分词ing重点剖析
教学重点1） -ed和-ing的含义；2）-ed和-ed的区别。

教学难点1）-ed和-ing在高考中的考点；2）-ed和-ing的变化形式规则。

教学目标熟练掌握-ing和-ed考点。

在练习中发现问题、解决问题。

教学步骤及教学内容一、课前热身：
与学生交流，了解学生基本情况，包括兴趣爱好等，以及近期时间的学习情况，促进与学生感情；
二、课堂讲解：
1.前课：七选五课后练习讲解。

2.本课：-ing和-ed。

三、课堂练习：
1、（见学生教案）学生练笔；
2、老师评改并讲解。

四、课堂总结：
见第二页
五、课后作业：
见第二页
管理人员签字：日期：年月日
作业布置1、学生上次作业评价：○好○较好○一般○差（勾选）
备注：
2、本次课后作业：
1. 回顾教案
2. 完成讲义练习
课
堂
小
结
家长签字：日期：年月日
【课前练笔】
一．请找出错误，并加以纠正
1.These songs are so popular to young people.
2.The work will be finished after two weeks.
3.In the age of ten, he began to learn English himself.
4.He suddenly returned home in a rainy night.
5.He helped the blind man over the street.
6.The guide led us over the forest.
7.She broke the vase for purpose.
8. He has decided to marry with her next month.
9. It wasn’t long before he returned to home.
10. Don’t read under the sun. 11.Lisa was working in a small firm for the first time I met her.
12. She goes to visit her parents in the country once in a month.
13. The discovery she has made in medicine is great importance to science.
14.Whom do you think the house belongs? 15. Please wait me at the school gate.
16. I finished the work on time under the help of him.
17. “Help yourselves with the fish. It is very delicious.” Mother said to the guests.
18. A hundred of people attend the meeting last night.
19. He is a nice person and is quite easy to get along. 20. I was caught by the rain last night.
【本课知识】
过去分词用法专题透析
1. 分词的定义：动词的-ed分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。

2. 过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词，
基本用法：
过去分词在意义上最主要特点是表被动，在时间上它可以表示多种关系：
(1) 表示已经发生的动作：
Born in a poor family, he could not go to school. 因生于贫穷家庭，他上不起学。

Built in 1501，the bridge is over 500 years old. 这座桥建于1501年，已有五百多年的历史。

(2) 表示经常性动作或泛指概念：
He is a man loved by all. 他是一个受大家爱戴的人。

The woman talked about is very rich. 人们经常谈论的那个女人很有钱。

【注】the woman talked about也可表示“已被人们谈论过的那个女人”。

(3) 表示与谓语动词同时(或几乎同时)发生的动作：
Asked why he came, he kept silent. 问他为什么要来，他一言不发。

He came in, followed by his secretary. 他走了进来，后面跟着他的秘书。

(4) 表示现在或过去(当时)的状态：
The murderer was brought in, his hands tied behind. 凶手被带了进来，双手被绑在后面。

用法意义及例句
表语主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

定语过去分词作定语，一般放在名词的前/后面，相当于一个定语从句。

·单个的过去分词在n前：We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。

·过去分词短语在n后：Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗？·用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。

The books, written by Linson, sell well. 这些书是Linson写的，很畅销。

状语过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等。

* 它的逻辑主语一般必须和句子的主语相一致。

①表时间，加when或while来强调时间概念：
（When）Seen from the top, it looked like an animal. 从上往下看，它就像一只动物。

②表原因，
Encouraged by the speech, he made up his mind to fight. 受到了讲演的鼓舞，他决定起来斗争。

③表条件，有时过去分词前可用if等词
If heated, water can be turned into steam. 水如果被加热，会变成水蒸气。

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

⑤表方式或伴随情况。

He went into the room, supported by his wife.他在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

⑥表结果，The cup fell down to the ground, broken. 茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。

补足语在see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make, leave, keep等词后与一名词或代词构成复合宾语，用作宾语补语；但当这类句子变成被动语态时，过去分词用作主语补语。

Have sth done，have sb do，have sb doing=keep sb doing
When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined? 你什么时候去医院检查牙齿？They should be kept informed of the situation there. 应该让他们知道那儿的形势。

与ing的用法区别：
作表语的区别过去分词作表语通常表示主语所处的状态或感受，
而-ing分词作表语多表示主语所具有的特征
Hearing the news, we felt very surprised. 听到那个消息，我们感到很惊讶The news is very surprising. 这个消息很令人惊讶。

作定语的区别过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作；
而-ing分词作定语可以表示正在进行的主动的动作。

boiled water开水 boiling water正沸腾的水
developed countries发展的国家developing countries发展中国家changed condition改变了的情况 changing condition变化着的情况
非谓语动词考题五种常见设题陷阱
陷阱一：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查省略句
1. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _________ every day.
A. watered
B. watering
C. water
D. to water
2. No matter how frequently _________, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
A. performed
B. performing
C. to be performed
D. being performed
3.— I was wondering if we could go skiing on the weekend.
— _________ good.
A.Sound
B. Sounded
C. Sounding
D. Sounds
陷阱二：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是形容词的用法
1.He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _________ in his lectures.
A. interested
B. interesting
C. interest
D. to interest
2. _________ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize.
A. Surprising
B. Surprised
C. Being surprised
D. To be surprising
陷阱三：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查某种句式
1.—It’s a long time since I saw my sister.
— _________ her this weekend?
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D.Why don’t visit
2. If you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _________ it—you’ve got some big bills coming.
A. forget
B. forgot
C. forgetting
D. to forget
陷阱四：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查祈使句
1. Mary, _________ here — everybody else, stay where you are.
A. come
B. comes
C. to come
D. coming
2.—What should I do with this passage?
— _________the main idea of each paragraph.
A. Finding out
B. Found out
C. Find out
D. To find out
陷阱五：形式上是考查非谓语动词，但实质上是考查并列句
1. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _________down to eat our picnic lunch.
A. sitting
B. having sat
C. to sit
D. sat
2._________ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told
B. Though he was told
C. To have been told
D. He was told
3. First _________ the rice by washing it, then _________ it in boiling water.
A. prepare, cook
B. preparing, cooking
C. preparing, cook
D. prepare, cooking
动词的ing形式作表语和宾语补足语
1. v. ing 作表语
▲动名词做表语是对主语内容的解释，这时主语与表语位置可以互换
Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作就是演奏各种音乐
Playing all kinds of music is our job. 演奏各种音乐是我们的工作
＊现在分词做表语，表明的是主语的性质与特征，主语与表语位置不可互换
The music they are playing sounds exciting. 他们演奏的音乐是如此令人兴奋
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

2.v－ing作宾语补足语的用法
v－ing 形式主要用于以下两类动词后构成宾语补助语
⑴表示感觉和状态的动词，如see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, notice等例如:
I heard Mr. Smith singing in the next door. 我听到史密斯先生在隔壁唱歌。

I felt someone patting on the shoulder. 我感到有人拍了拍我的肩膀
⑵表示“指使”等意义的动词，如have, set, keep, get, catch, leave等例如:
We won’t have you doing that. 我们不允许你这么做。

I’m sorry to have kept you waiting long. 对不起，让你久等了
【实战演练】
1. The government plans to bring in new laws _____ parents to take more responsibility for the education of their children.
A. forced
B. forcing
C. to be forced
D. having forced
2. There is a great deal of evidence that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
3.After a knock at the door, the boy heard his mother’s voice ________him.
A.calling
B. called
C.being called
D. to call
4.Mark often attempts to escape _________whenever he breaks traffic regulations.
A. having been fined
B. to be fined
C. to have been fined
D. being fined
5.Ann never dreams of _________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance
B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance
D. being a chance
6. — What made him so unhappy?
— _______ the ticket for the football match.
A. Having been lost
B. Lost
C. Because of losing
D. Losing
7. After _______for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
A. being interviewed
B. interviewed
C. interviewing
D. having interviewed
8.I don’t know what illness he suffered from, but I do remember he mentioned _______ in hospital last year.
A. to have been
B. to be
C. having been
D. being
现在分词做定语和状语
一、现在分词作定语
▲动名词放在所修饰的名词前面作为定语，表示该名词的用途或有关的动作
walking stick 手杖dining room饭厅
reading room 阅览室swimming pool 游泳池washing machine洗衣机
a walking stick( =a stick for walking)手杖
▲现在分词做定语，说明所修饰名词进行的动作
a waiting man (=a man who is waiting)正在等待的男人
a sleeping child (= a child who is sleeping ) 正在睡觉的孩子
【注意】现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。

其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作
1．现在分词作定语时的位置
（1）现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词断语用于它所修饰词的后面。

例如：He is an attacking player. They live in a room facing the north。

（2）如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面例如：
Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚
全析提示
1、现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系
●doing表示进行意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动
词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。

例如：
There were no soldiers drilling.
= There were no soldiers who were drilling.没有士兵在操练
●having done(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远
不能作定语
2、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。

例如：
Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher?
你认识正在被我们老是处罚的那个男孩吗?
二、现在分词作状语
现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。

用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、或伴随情况等例如：
Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.爬上山顶后我看到了一幅美丽的景象1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系
（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生分词用一般形式例如：Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他
It rained heavily, causing great damage.大雨滂沱，造成了很大损害
全析提示
分词作作状语时必须注意分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。

但是，有几个常用词组不符合这种语法限制如：
generally speaking, considering, judging from,
（2）现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示动作（或状态）是同时发生或几乎同时发生的。

否则现在分词需用完成形式例如：
Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.
这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.
因为没收到他父亲的信，他决定打个电话给他父亲
【典型例题】
1. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.
A to prepare
B preparing
C prepared
D was preparing
2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A Not receiving
B Receiving not
C Not having received
D Having not received
3. “Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A angrily pointing
B and point angrily
C angrily pointed
D and angrily pointing
4. If you want a letter ____ , you must keep in mind several rules while ____.
A written; written
B well written; writing
C well writing; writing
D well written; write
【实战演练】
1. _______ their hats into the air ,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
A. To throw
B. Thrown
C. Throwing
D. Being thrown
2.________ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.
A.Not realized
B. Not to realize
C. Not realizing
D. Not to have realized
3. He sat there _____, with his head on his hand.
A. and think
B. thinking
C. thought
D. being thought
4.The wolf spoke in a _____voice and Mr Dongguo felt_____.
A. frightened frightening
B. frightened frightened
C. frighten frightening
D. frightening frightening
5. They set out _____for the _____.
A .searching ;losing B. searching; lost C. to search ;lost D. searched; losing
6.It’s a pleasure to watch the face of a _____baby.
A. asleep
B. sleep
C. sleeping
D. slept
7.The boy sat there _____what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing
B. didn’t knowing
C. not know
D. not knowing
8.The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the international conference.
A. to prepare
B. prepared
C. preparing
D. was preparing
9.European football is played in 80 countries _____it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
10.The _____Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _____that he had enjoyed his stay here
A. visiting; add
B. visited ;adding
C. visiting ;adding
D. visited ;added。