非限制性定语从句

Ⅰ. 非限制性定语从句

我将永远不会忘记我第一次遇到你的那一天。(when引导限制性定语从句)

*They will set off for London next year, when they will have enough money.

他们打算明年去伦敦, 届时钱也凑够了。(when引导非限制性定语从句)

*He has found the hammer that he was looking for.

他找到了他正在寻找的那把锤子。(that引导限制性定语从句)

*A man who doesn’t want to learn from others can’t achieve much.

一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。(who引导限制性定语从句)

*The reason why he refused her is not known.

他拒绝她的原因还不知道。(why引导限制性定语从句)

*That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around.

彼得要娶爱丽丝这件事还没宣布, 却已被传得沸沸扬扬。(which引导非限制性定语从句)

*The children, who wanted to play football, were disappointed when it rained.

那些想踢足球的孩子, 都因下雨而感到失望。(who引导非限制性定语从句)

【名师点津】非限制性定语从句关系词三不能

(1)关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句, 但可以用for which代替why来引导。

(2)引导非限制性定语从句指物时, 关系代词不用that只用which。

(3)在非限制性定语从句中, 关系代词作宾语时不能省略, 关系代词指人时, 只能用whom, 不能用who。

【思维延伸】

间隔式定语从句

一般来说, 定语从句紧跟在先行词之后, 但有时定语从句和先行词被其他成分隔开。这种

情况有:

1. 定语分隔型

一个中心词带多个定语时, 一般来说, 结构较短, 与中心词关系密切的在前, 反之靠后。*They set up a state of their own, where they could be free to keep Negroes as slaves.

他们建立起自己的国家, 在那儿他们可以随心所欲地把黑人当作奴隶。

2. 状语分隔型

在定语从句较长的情况下, 为了保持句子平衡, 常把作状语的单词、短语或从句插到定语从句和先行词之间, 使定语从句与先行词分离。

*In 1898, they believed that there exists something in nature which gave out radioactivity.

1898年, 他们相信自然界中存在着具有放射性的某种东西。

3. 谓语分隔型

这种情况, 先行词多是主句主语, 所带的定语从句较长, 而句子的谓语部分又恰恰较短, 为了使句子结构紧凑, 常把定语从句放在谓语后面。

*A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you Germa n.教你们德语的新老师明天就到。

4. 宾语补足语分隔型

句子的宾语带定语从句时, 往往由于宾语补足语较短, 而定语从句较长, 这时先行词和定语从句就会被宾语补足语所分隔。

*He made the child laugh who had cried just a moment ago.

他使那个刚才还哭的孩子笑了。

【即学活用】用适当的关系词填空。

①I will cherish the time _____ I won the prize in the English competition.

②They work in a factory __________ makes radio parts.

③I met the famous professor in the hotel, ______ the meeting was held.

④James lent me some money, ______ was very generous of him.

二、as, which引导非限制性定语从句的区别

正如有人曾经说过的那样, 金钱是万恶之源。

*Tom did really well in his exams, which was a big surprise.

汤姆考得非常好, 真令人惊讶。

【即学活用】用适当的关系词填空。

①They had to delay the sports meet till next week, _____ the weather will be fine.

②I know a woman named Mary, ______ story of personal responsibility has always

inspired me.

③Dick is going to join in the football game, ______ was agreed at the meeting.

④___ is said above, the number of the students in our school has increased.

⑤The old couple, ______ I’m sure you remember, passed away within a week of one another.

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句

1. “介词+which/whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句, 又可以引导非限制性定语从句。

*The sun gives us light and heat, without which we can’t live. 太阳为我们提供光和热, 没有它我们就不能生存。

*There wasn’t a single person in the dark street, to whom she could turn for help.

漆黑的街上没有一个她可以求助的人。

2. 介词后面的关系词不能省略且that不可用于此结构。

*Air, without which man can’t live, is really important.

空气确实太重要了, 没有空气人类就不能生存。

3. 某些在从句中充当时间、地点或原因状语的“介词+关系代词”结构可以同关系副词when, where和why互换。

*Is this company the one in which(=where)you worked half a year ago?

这就是半年前你在那儿工作的公司吗?

4. 在“介词+which/whom”之前可以使用表示数量或定位的数词或代词。

(1)常见的代词有all, none, both, neither, any, each, either等。

*He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.

他深深爱着他的父母, 他们都对他很慈爱。

(2)常见的表示数量的词有a few, several, many, a lot, a large number, a great many,

a great deal, a large quantity等。

*They asked me a lot of questions, many of which I couldn’t answer.

他们问了我很多问题, 其中有许多我不会回答。

(3)the+形容词的最高级, the+last, the+序数词。

*There are seven continents in the world, the largest of which is Asia. 世界上有七大洲, 最大的是亚洲。

【即学活用】根据语境, 填入恰当的引导词。

①There are four rooms in the house, one of ______ is a drawing room.

②We will move into the new house next week, by ______ time it will be completed.

③The workers, some of ______ stayed there for two years, came from Africa.

④His new job has several advantages, ___________is a large salary.

⑤The Nile, from ______ electricity is produced, now runs regularly below the dam.

四. 定语从句和其它从句的区分

1．定语从句与并列结构

（1）She won the first prize in the speech contest and _____ surprised us. (2) She won the first prize in the speech contest, _____ surprised us.

2.定语从句与结果状语从句

（1）This is such an interesting book ______ all of us want to read .