非谓语动词讲义自编

非谓语动词讲义

Ⅰ. 非谓语动词的形式及含义

1.不定式

主动被动

一般式

完成式

进行式

完成进行式

2.动词的-ing

主动被动

一般式

完成式

3.过去分词

Ⅱ.主语: 不定式和动名词

1.不定式

To see is to believe.

Not to get there in time is your fault.

注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。句型1：It + 谓语+ to do

It takes us an hour ___ get there by bus.

句型2：It’s + n. + to do

It’s our duty __ help the poor.

It is a great enjoyment __ spend our holiday in the mountains

句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.

It is + adj + for sb to do sth

It is + adj + of sb to do sth

It is easy ______me to finish this work before ten.

It is a great honor _____us to be present at your birthday party.

It is very kind _____you to give me some help.

It's impolite _____you to speak to the teacher like that.

＝you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.

2.动名词

1）.Seeing is believing

2）.Learning languages is very useful to me.

3）.Reading aloud in the reading-room is a bad habit.

4）.It’s no use talking like that

Note: .动名词的复合结构

动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构或动名词短语

1).物主代词/ 名词所有格+ 动名词在句中作主语:

Mary`s coming late made her teacher angry.

Do you mind my smoking?

Do you mind my reading your paper?

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

Rose’s going won’t be of much help.

2).人称代词宾格/ 名词+ 动名词在句中作宾语:

I`m sure of him coming on time.

He has never heard of a woman being a pilot.

I don’t mind Jack (him) going.

She hates young people (them) smoking.

Ⅲ宾语：不定式和动名词

1.接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter .

I don’t expect to meet you here.

常见动词有：

like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer, fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, prefer, forget, mean, prepare, pretend, continue, start, afford, hate等

1.）They wanted ____( get ) on the bus, didn’t they?

2.）He said he wished ______( be ) a professor.

3.）I agreed______ ( go ) there with the doctor.

4.）My daughter preferred ______ ( dance ) when she was in her twenties.

5.）He had promised ______ ( give ) me a hand.

常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain…know, show, discover, see(understand)

He taught us how to use the tool.

No one could tell me where to get the book.

I hope you’ll advise me what to do.

I don't know how to get there.

I haven't decided whether to go or stay.

注意下列动词

①

Begin start continue + to do /doing

②

Bear like love hate prefer + to do/doing

③

Remember forget

regret try

mean stop

go on

1. Boys, don't forget _____ the windows before you leave the classroom.

A. closing

B. closed

C. to closing

D. to close

2.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _______ on a big rock.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

3. Remember _______ the lights when you leave the office.

A. to turn off

B. turning off

C. turn off

D. to turning off

it作形式宾语

I find/feel to work with him interesting

I find/feel it interesting to work with him．

注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语。