山东科技大学翻译基础第二章-英汉语言比较

❖ Marijuana is usually regarded as a soft drug.
❖ At this stage there is only soft intelligence about the enemy intention. We should not shoot him from the hip.
五.翻译练习
❖ True Lies ❖ A World without Thieves ❖ The Dream Factory ❖ Shawshank Redemption
❖ Six of one and half a dozen of the other ❖ 半斤八两
❖ 隔墙有耳
❖ Walls have ears. ❖ 鱼米之乡
up his ears with cotton wool. 他戴黑眼镜，穿厚毛衣，耳朵里面塞了棉花。
But his attack was always repulsed by a kick or a blow from a stick.
但是他每冲一次，不是让人一脚踢了回去，就是让人 棍子打了回去。
❖ Word Order
❖ 2. 汉语的一词多义现象：以“地”为例
❖ 词语：地方 地步 地球 地势 地位 地头蛇
❖
地震 地狱 地域 天地
❖ 词组或成语：天长地久 天翻地覆 天罗地网 不败之地
Collocation
❖ To cut wheat ❖ To cut cake ❖ To cut finger-nails ❖ He wore dark glasses, thick jersey, and stopped
❖ a land of milk and honey ❖ 白马王子、梦中情人
❖ Mr./Mrs. Right; Prince Charming ❖ Rob Peter to pay Paul ❖ 拆东墙补西墙
❖ I gave my youth to the sea and I came home and gave my wife my old age.
❖
译文分成两个小短句。）
❖ （2）英语句子重心在前，汉语句子重心在后。
❖ I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your Government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.
❖ Vocabulary
❖ 在英语史上，英语吸收了大量其他语言的词汇，加上英语本 身就具有很多同义词。英语中的同义词和近义词很多，一词 多义(polysemy)的现象很普遍：
❖ a soft pillow case.
❖ a soft aboveground launching site.
❖ The record has been considered soft ever since it was set last May.
❖ 直：砸镜子不能使丑八怪变漂亮，也不能使 社会问题烟消云散。
❖ 意：逃避并不能解决实际问题。
第二章 英汉语言比较
❖ English belongs to the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family(印欧语系). Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family（汉藏语系）. It is well known that English has the richest vocabulary of any European language. On the basis of Angles’ language (Anglo-Saxon), English was built by absorbing words in various languages.
❖ 由于贵国政府的提议，才得以这样愉快的重新进 行这次访问，这使我感到特别高兴。
1、不完全对应
Vocabulary
eat与汉语的“吃”：
feed，consume，prey，graze，peck，pick
吃不开(be unpopular)，吃不消(be unable to stand)，吃醋 (be jealous)，吃苦(bear hardships)，吃亏(suffer losses; be at a disadvantage)，吃一堑，长一智(a fall into the pit, a gain in your wit)。
(2).因果、条件关系
❖ Differences in Sentence Structure
❖ （1）英语句子重形合，汉语句子重意合.
❖ Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.
❖ 车未停稳，请勿下车（原句用before 将两个分句 连成一个复合句
❖ （1）单词作状语：常放在所修饰的形容词和动词前面。
❖ （2）短语作状语：英语中短语作状语，可放在修饰动词之 前或之后；译成汉语时，大多数放在动词前面，也可放在后 面。.
❖ 3.复合句中的逻辑顺序 (1).时间先后顺序.
❖ He was born in London on May 27,1923
❖
❖ 1.定语的位置
❖ 汉语的定语通常在所修饰名词前面；英语中单词作定语多 放在名词前面，短语作定语多后置。
百度文库
❖ A research-oriented hospital;something important; a candidate with little chance of success.
❖ 2.状语的位置
❖ 直：我把青春献给海洋，我回家的时候便 把老年给了我的妻子。
❖ 意：我把青春献给海洋，等我回到家里见 到妻子的时候，已经是白发苍苍。
❖ 少时海为家，归乡两鬓斑。
❖ 青春献海洋，暮年伴我妻。
❖ Smashing a mirror is no way to make an ugly person beautiful, nor is it a way to make social problems evaporate.