高三英语 一轮复习 定语从句(一)

高三英语定语从句（一）

一、【知识点】

定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。

关系代词（在句中作主语、宾语或定语）

1.who指人在从句中做主语

(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.

(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.

2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.

(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.

(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.

如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.

比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.

如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.

比如: He is the man who has an English book.

3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略

(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.

4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。

(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.

(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?

5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语

(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.

(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.

whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替

(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.

=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.

(4) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?

=Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?

【典型例题】

1、Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?

A. that you talked

B. you talked about it

C. which you talked with

D. you talked about

2、A child _____ parents are dead is called an orphan.

A. who

B. who’s

C. whose

D. which

3、Anyone this opinion may speak out.

A. that againsts

B. that against

C. who is against

D. who are against

关系副词（在句中作状语）

1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语

(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.

(2) The time when we got together finally came.

(3) I still remember the day when I joined the football term.

2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语

(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.

(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.

(3) That village is the place where Jim lived last year.

3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语

(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.

(2) I don’t know the rea son why he looks unhappy today.

(3) This is the reason why he is late recently.

注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换