宾补与双宾语辨析

宾补与双宾语辨析

宾补的定义: 有些及物动词带了宾语后还需要有一个补足成分才能使句子完整，这个补足成分就叫做宾语补足语。用来说明宾语的行为、特征、状态、身份等。宾语和宾补一起构成复合宾语。主要有下面几种类型：

1. 名词（或代词）+名词

She found him a very clever boy.

2. 名词（或代词）+形容词

He had a strange way of making his class lively and interesting.

3. 名词（或代词）+副词或介词短语

Last Sunday I saw you out with your sister.

To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.

4. 名词（或代词）+分词（分词短语）

I saw him doing his homework when I passed his window.

I was absent-minded when I heard my name called.

注意：

在用现在分词或不定式作宾语补足语的动词中，有些只能用现在分词作宾语补足语；有些只能用不定式作宾语补足语；还有的动词既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语：

1）、只能用现在分词作宾语补足语的动词有：catch, keep, mind, prevent, stop(阻止)等。

She caught her son smoking a cigarette.

His words started me thinking.

2）、只能用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：wish, desire, expect, love, prefer, trust, encourage, let, allow, permit, mean, lead, bring, put, hurry, cause, remind, ask, invite, beg, request, worry, advise, persuade, call on, tell, order, command, require, make, force, drive, forbid, warn, help, teach, show, assist, report, bear, wait for, think, take, know, judge, consider, suppose, believe, allow, prove, declare等。

Their parents don’t allow him to stay out late.

他父母不允许他在外面呆到很晚。

3）、既能用现在分词又可用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, notice, look at, observe, listen to, hear, feel, have, imagine, discover, like, want, understand, hate, get, set, leave等。

She was seen running away from the scene of the crime.

有人看见她从犯罪现场跑开。

I saw you put the key in your pocket.

我见你把钥匙放进了口袋。

双宾语和宾补结构的区别如下：

1. 如果是双宾语，则间接宾语和直接宾语之间在逻辑上没有明显的主谓关系，且它们都是前面的及物动词的宾语，大多数情况下可以改写成“及物动词+ 直接宾语+ 介词+ 间接宾语”结构。

如：Please give me a book. = Please give a book to me.

其中me和a book之间没有这逻辑上的主谓关系，且都做give的宾语。

2. 而如果是“宾语+ 宾语补足语”结构，则宾语和宾语补足语之间在句意逻辑上有主谓关系。

且宾语补足语只是用来进一步说明宾语发出的动作或身份、特征等，但是它和前面的及物动词并没有必然关联。

如：We made Tom our leader.

其中宾语Tom和our leader之间在句意逻辑上有明显的主谓关系，即Tom was our leader.

但是our leader和made之间关系不大。