ing 形式作定语使用全攻略

ing 分词作定语使用全攻略
先看一个长难句分析：This finding put an end to centuries of theories claiming(声称) that physical functions of the ear determine what we find attractive.
这个发现终结了数个世纪的声称耳朵的生理功能决定了我们所发现的(声音)是富有吸引力的理论。

其中claiming 是ing分词表示主动作后置定语，
ing 分词作定语如何使用呢？
1. 现在分词作前置定语时，在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句；如：a listening child= a child who is listening,
如果与所修饰的名词之间没有主谓关系，定语相当于一个介词for引导的短语。

a walking stick= a stick for walking. a reading room= a room for reading
a swimming pool= a pool for swimming
现在分词位于所修饰的名词之后做后置定语，与所修饰的名词之间呈逻辑上的主谓关系，相当于一个定语从句。

Sea water ___containing______ (contain) salt can’t be drunk.
Sea water which contains salt can’t be drunk.
2. 现在分词作定语往往表示“令人……”，主动的或正在进行的动作。

如：
a moving film, a developing country.
exciting 令人兴奋的, 使人激动的interesting 有趣味的, 引起好奇的
disappointing 使人失望的, 令人失望的discouraging 令人气馁的
encouraging 奖励的, 可奖励的puzzling使迷惑的, 使莫明其妙的
missing. n不见的, 缺少的surprising令人惊讶的
confusing使人混淆的amusing有趣的
charming迷人的, 娇媚的,astonishing可惊异的
shocking骇人听闻的inviting引人动心的, 有魅力的
3. V-ing作定语表主动或动作正在进行
=I have a friend __who __ _is___ __living____in London.
No one is allowed to speak in the reading room.
再举例：
(1).They lived in a room facing the street.
(2).A number of people __standing_______ (stand) outside asked to be allowed to enter the hall.. we set up a sign reading“No admittance” 我们设立了一个告示牌，告示排上写着：“禁止入内”。

此处we set up a sign reading“No admittance”相当于we set up a sign which reads“No admittance”
(3).It would include every English word possible and would give not only the definition but also the history of the word and quotations (引文)showing how it was used.它将包括每一个可能的英文词，不仅给出词的定义而且给出这个词的历史和表示它的用法的引文。

2012山东卷阅读B
(4).Looking ahead(状语),scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems facing the 21st century（后置定语）.展望未来，科学家们认为全球
变暖可能是21世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。

(北师大版M8 U23 L3)。