医学英语汉译英

5. “a set of adjectives + the same
noun” to differentiate various degrees.
A …number of • a small (limited) number of • 少数 • 有一些 • 很多 • 极多 • a certain number of • a large number of • an enormous (vast) number of
例 3 ：无论是酸性、碱性还是中性，多数 药物主要是从小肠吸收的。
Most drugs, whether acidic, basic, or neutral in character, are absorbed mainly from the small intestine.
例 4 ：人眼的结构和功用很像一个照相机。
• 除了主动脉反流，如果还存在有一定程度 的主动脉狭窄，通常会出现（左心室）中 度扩张。 • If considerable aortic stenosis exists along with regurgitation, moderate enlargement is the rule.
moderate
骨盆检查显示外阴有明显的炎症。 Pelvic examination shows that there is considerable inflammation of the vulva. • AD患者血浆中P物质浓度相对于对照组 有显著增加(P<0.01); • Patients with AD had significant increase in plasma level of Substance P compared with controls (P<0.01).
• 这种药（依地酸钙钠）对急性和慢性铅中毒 是有效的，它可引起明显增加的尿铅排出。 • The drug (sodium calcium edetate) is effective in acute and chronic lead poisoning; it produces a marked increase in the urinary excretion of lead.
The eye is much like a camera in structure and action.
• 每条染色体上的基因成对地排列，有 严格的次序，每一个基因占据特定的 位置 （又称基因座）。
• The genes on each chromosome are arranged in pairs and in strict order, with each gene occupying a specific location or locus.
• 先天畸形可引起相当比例的婴儿死亡。 • Congenital abnormalities cause a fair proportion of infant deaths. fair • 这种有轻微麻醉作用的药物在腹部手术中 是有价值的。 • The drug is of value, with light anesthesia, in obtaining greater relation in abdominal surgery.
• 有时，名词后面可有三个介词短语。 这种损伤导致体液从血液向组织渗漏。
Such damage results in the leakage of fluid from the blood into the tissues. • 第二个短语也可以是不定式短语 肾小管对这些物质的吸收能力不是无限的。 The capacity of the tubules to absorb these substances is not unlimited.
• There has been an appreciable increase of uric acid in the blood.
• Appreciable
• Considerable
• Marked
• Significant
appreciable/considerable/marked/ significant increase
2. in + abstract noun
例1：这些药物的成分是不同的
The composition of these pills are different
These pills are different in composition
例 2 ：白细胞的数量比红细胞少得多，数量 之比约为1：600 The white cells are much fewer in number than the red cells, about one to 600.
• 普萘洛尔在降低动脉血压上也有适当 的作用。 • Propranolol also has a modest effect in reducing arterial blood pressure. Modest
• 这些事实几乎结论性地表明吸烟习惯与随 后发生的冠状动脉疾病之间的紧密联系。 • These almost conclusively indicate a strong association between the habit of cigarette smoking and the subsequent development of coronary artery disease. Strong
• The body need nutrition. • The need of body for nutrition
4. Adjectives used to express degree
• 尿中出现可以检测到的（一定量的）葡萄 糖称为糖尿。 • The presence of appreciable amounts of glucose in the urine is known as glycosuria. • 血液中出现了尿酸的明显增多。
Translation of Medical English
—— from Chinese to English
Alicia Xu
Useful structures in Translation
1. adj.+n.
2. in + abstract noun
3. one stem, and two branches
• 血气恶化可能表示心血管功能下降， 而不是肺疾病的恶化。 • Deteriorating blood gases may indicate decreasing cardiovascular function rather than a progression of the pulmonary disease.
3. One stem, and two branches
• 以名词为中心词，后面跟两个介词短语。 第一个介词往往时of， 第二个是其他介 词，两个介词短语都修饰中心名词，综 合起来构成一个复杂的概念。写作中运 用这种结构，可以使得句子语言简洁， 突出概念，言简意赅。
例1：感染物吸入到肺是肺脓肿的最常见病因。 • Aspiration of infectious material into the lung is the most common cause of lung abscess. 例2：像呕吐一样，腹泻也是身体防止中毒的 一种自然保护作用。 • Like vomiting, diarrhea is a natural protection of the body against poisoning.
4. adjectives used to express degree
5. “a set of adjectives + the same noun”
6. predicate adjective + prep.
7. of phrase
8. on a … basis
9. n. + infinite
• 如果血液被过多摄入的液体所稀释，尿的 排出就会增加。 • If the blood is diluted by an excessive intake of fluids the output of urine is increased.
• 普萘洛尔确实有效，它可较大程度地增加 很多患者的运动耐受性。 • Propranolol does have a demonstrable effect, and in many patients it will increase exercise tolerance considerably. demonstrable
Wound hematoma is almost always caused by imperfect hemostasis.
• 如果婴儿的饮食中维生素D含量不足就会引 起佝偻病。 • Rickets will result if there is an insufficient amount of vitamin D in the diet of an infant.
• 我们的研究显示20例这类儿童中有8例神经 系统预后不良。 • Our study reported that 8 of 20 such children had poor neurological outcomes.
• 口臭可由口腔卫生不好和脓溢或者由 扁桃体、腺样组织以及鼻腔黏膜的慢 性感染而引起。 • An odorous breath may result from improper oral hygiene and pyorrhea or from chronic infection of the tonsils, adenoid or nasal mucosa.
例3：将小鼠短期暴露于苯（的蒸汽中） 能引起其体内粒细胞总数增加，包括粒细 胞的祖代细胞和循环中的粒细胞。 • Short-term exposure of mice to benzene led to an increase in the total number of granulocyte, including progenitor cells and circulating granulocytes.
light
• 大出血必须及时加以控制，否则就需进 行手术。 • Massive bleeding must be brought under control immediately, otherwise an operation is indicated. Massive
• 当你剧烈运动时，体内产生废物，这些物 质对于神经系统具有轻度的毒性。 • When you exercise vigorously, waste products which act as mild poisons to the nervous system are formed. mild (slight)
Biblioteka Baidu
10. n + be + infinite
11. The more…the more (less)
12. participle phrase
1. adj.+n. • •
•
“发病率高”（n. + adj.）
“high incidence” （adj.+n.）
e.g. 伤口血肿差不多都是由止血不完善所 致。
例4：治疗无排卵子宫出血的首要目标应是将 增生型的子宫内膜转化为分泌型的子宫内膜。 • The treatment of anovulatory bleeding should have as its first aim the transformation of proliferative (endometrium) into secretory endometrium.