英语长句的翻译

Congress had made laws requiring most pressure groups to give information about how much they spend and how they spent it, the amount and sources of funds, membership, and names and salaries of their representatives.

3. Embedding 内嵌法




Embedding means placing the modifiers before the word being modified. 内嵌就是将英语后置修饰成分（包括各种词组 或从句）在汉译时放在中心词（即被修饰成分） 之前。 修饰词前置是汉语的正常语序，这样可以使句 义十分紧凑，结构上整体感强。 但前置修饰部分不宜过长，一般不超过25-30 字。






Now you try: 例2. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the maledominated culture.





例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity. Step 1&2 这个句子由一个主句, 两个原因状语和一个定语 从句, “铝直到19世纪才被人发现”是主句, 也是全句的中 心内容, Step 3&4 : A. 铝直到19世纪才被人发现; B. 由于在自然界 找不到游离状态的铝; C. 由于它总是跟其他元素结合在一 起; D. 最普遍的是跟氧结合; E. 铝跟氧有很强的亲和力。 Step 5 按照汉语的表达习惯通常因在前, 果在后, 这样, 我 们可以逆着原文的顺序把该句翻译成: 译文：铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结 合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界 找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。


Step 2: distinguishing between the principal and subordinate elements and find out the interrelations between principal and subordinate clauses 区分句中的主要结构及次要结构，并找出两者之间的逻辑关 系。
Translation of English Long Sentences 英语长句的翻译
I. Long sentence analysis

Long and complex sentences usually occur in English articles, especially in scientific and literature works, in which a main clause and many subordinate clauses are included.
Three reasons can explain for the existence of long sentences: (1) There are too many modifiers; (2) There are too many coordinate elements; (3) The sentence structure is too complex.
Step 1&2: 该句子由一个主句, 三个作伴随状语的现在分 词以及位于句首的时间状语从句组成, Step 3&4: A. 既使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡 时; B.电仍在为我们工作; C. 帮我们开动电冰箱; D. 加 热水; E. 或是室内空调机继续运转。 Step 5:上述五层意思的逻辑关系以及表达的顺序与汉语 完全一致, 因此, 该句可译为: 即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我 们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继 续运转。
英语中介词短语作后臵定语 汉译时将修饰成分放在中心词之前。 译文： 国会已制定法律，要求大部分压力集团呈报他们 花费了多少钱，怎样花的，款项的总额以及来源、 成员人数、代表的姓名和薪金等情况。


Now you try:

There is no class war, but a war in which the whole British Empire and Commonwealth of Nations is engaged, without distinction of race, creed, or party.


例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.
根据其关系将各个部分的意思合并重组，并按照 汉语的表达习惯翻译出来。


For a family of four, for example, it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.



1. 顺序法 2. Reversing 倒置法/逆序法 3. Embedding 内嵌法 4. Dividing 切分法 5. Splitting 拆分法 6. Inserting 插入法 7. Recasting 重组法/综合法
1. 顺序法 （顺译法）

当英语长句的内容的叙述层次与汉语基本一致时, 可以按照英语原文的顺序翻译成汉语 。 顺序法是英语翻译中最直接的翻译方法，英语的 很多句子都可以用顺序法来翻译。
① For a family of four 对于一个四口之间来说 ② for example 例如



③ it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home 舒舒服服地坐在家里(看电视）既方便又便宜
④ with almost unlimited entertainment available 有数不清的娱乐节目 ⑤ than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 比到外面别的地方去消遣更….
这不是一场阶级之间的战争，而是一场不分种 族、不分信仰，不分党派，整个大英帝国及英 联邦全体成员国无不参加的战争。

4. Dividing 切分法

By means of dividing, we may break up a long English sentence into different parts according to its sense groups, and then translate each part one by one into Chinese. 这是翻译英语长句的最常见的方法，将英语长句 按意群切分为若干小句再逐句翻译。



Step 5 根据其关系将各个分句的意思合并重组，
并按照汉语的表达习惯翻译出来。
译文： 譬如, 对于一个四口之家来说, 舒舒服服 地在家中看电视, 就能看到几乎数不清的 娱乐节目, 这比到外面别的地方去消遣又 便宜又方便。
Methods of Translating Long English Sentences
Step 1 找出句子主干 骨干结构为比较结构it is more … to do sth than to do sth else. it是形式主语, 真正的主语为: to sit comfortably at home, 并 与to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。
Now you try:

It is probably easier for teachers than for students to appreciate the reasons why learning English seems to become increasingly difficult once the basic structures and patterns of the language have been understood. 一旦了解英语的基本结构和句型, 再往下学似乎就 越来越难了, 这其中的原因, 也许教师比学生更容易 理解。
在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女都是一个模式。她 们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他 们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们 的种种束缚。

2. ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidueversing 逆序法

一般而言，英语复句通常把重要的部分放在前 面，次要内容臵于后面； 汉语往往前臵次要部分，后臵重要部分。


翻译这类长句时，首先根据意群，将其断成若 干短句再依照汉语的习惯重新组织语言，将其 顺序颠倒过来，也就是从后向前逆着原文的顺 序翻译。


Stage II Presentation

Step 4: entering on a tentative translation of each sentence division 将各个分句的意思单独译出


Step 5: rearrangement and finishing touches
Step 3:dividing the long sentence into several short sentences according to its meaning and inferring the main idea from the context and the whole text 根据意群将长句划分为几个小分句，然后根据上下文及篇章 理解句意


Step 2 确定主要信息及次要信息的关系 句首的for a family of four作状语, 表示条件。另外, 还有两 个介词短语作插入语: for example, with almost unlimited entertainment available

Step 3 & 4 根据意群，将长句划分为以下几个小分句，并将各 个分句单独译出：


Two Stages and Five Steps

Stage I Comprehension

Stage II Presentation
Stage I Comprehension

Step 1: presenting the long sentence in a skeleton form 找出句中的主结构, 从整体上把握句子的框架。


Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment / and then either to adapt to that environment /or to control /and adapt it to their own needs.