高中英语语法时态

时态

一：形成谓语动词通过自身的变化来表示动作或情况发生的时间的各种形式，每一种“时间+方式”就构成一种时态，英语的时态有16种，但是常见的只有5种，较常见的有4种。

二：变在谓语动词

三：高考常考时态：一般现在时

(1)一般现在时表示经常性的动作或状态常与often, always, usually, sometimes等频率副词及once a week, every day等时间状语连用。如：The shop opens at nine every day. 这家商店每天九点开门。

It seldom snows here. 这儿很少下雪。

(2) 一般现在时表示客观存在或普遍真理

Light travels faster than sound. 光速比声速快。

Food easily goes bad in hot weather. 天气热时食物容易坏。

(3) 一由when, before, until, as soon as, the moment, once引导的时间状语从句和if, unless, even if引导的条件状语从句，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时（主将从现）I'll tell her about it as soon as I see her.

1.一般过去时(1).表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常跟

表过去的连用，如：yesterday, last night(week, year, month, Sunday),then, at that time, at that moment, just now, a few days(weeks, months, years) ago，the other day, at the age of...,. one day等,或由when, while等引导表示过去的时间状语。例句：

Lucy turned off all the lights before she went out.

出门前露茜关了所有的灯。

(2)表示过去的一段时间经常反复发生的行为或动作，常于used to, always, usually, often 等连用

When he worked in the countryside, he used to help the peasants there. (3) 一般过去时在时间和条件状语从句中表示过去将来的动作或状态。Hans said he would let us know if he got any news.

(1)现在完成时表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。时间状语常用since+时间点，for+时间段，in the last (past) three years,. so far, up to now, since then, over the last three months,by加一个现在时间。In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown.,

(2).表示发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况。常于already,

just,yet,never, before, many times,recently,ever,once等连用。

John has broken his left leg.（约翰摔断了左腿。）

Have you ever tried this method?

(2)在时间，条件和让步状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已经完成

的动作I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work

I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes.

2.过去完成时(1) 过去完成时表示过去某时之前结束的动作或状态,

这一过去时间可用before, by等几个短语或when, before, after, until 等引导的时间状语从句表示

When he got there, the train had already left.

I realized I had made a mistake.

The company had completed the project by the end of 1999.

(2)过去完成时表示未实现的愿望的用法仅限于expect, hope, intend, mean, plan, think,want等动词，过去时间往往由一般过去时表达。如：

I had intended to speak, but time did not permit.

I had hoped you might know. 我本希望你会知道的。

(1)一般将来时.表示将来某一刻要发生的动作或所处的状态，常于soon, next week,tomorrow等连用Tom will come back next week. (2)进行时表将来与表示瞬间动作的动词go, come, start, stay, return, arrive , begin, take, meet 连用。

The bus is coming.

四：固定句式中的固定时态

1.it is the first time that sb have/has done sth.

2.it was the first time that sb had done sth.

3.it is time that sb should do/did sth (表虚拟,should不可省略。意思是：

该到某人做某事的时间了)

例：It is time that we went/ should go to bed.

4.hardly…（过去完成时）when（过去时）…/ no sooner …than …(一…

就…)Hardly had I got home when the rain poured down

No sooner had I opened the door when he hit me

5.I have worked there since he was born

6. It was/had been +一段时间+since 从句(had+done)

It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. it is the first time that sb have/has done sth.