经济学原理(上)大纲(英语)

微观经济学课程教学大纲

一、课程概况

英文名：Microeconomics

开课单位：管理学院

课程编码：107203

学分学时：56学时，3.5学分

授课对象：管理学院各专业本科生

先修课程：高等数学

课程目的和主要内容：通过微观经济学的学习，使学生掌握微观经济学的基本原理和分析方法，了解价格形成的机理、决定价格的主要因素、价格机制的作用和市场运行的原理，理解资源配置有效性的含义及其条件，以及价格机制作用的局限性。主要内容包含市场供求和均衡及弹性的基本概念和原理；从消费者行为出发的需求影响因素及分析；从生产者行为出发的生产与成本分析；不同市场的结构特征和相应的企业产量决策；市场失灵以及政府的微观经济政策等。

二、课程教学内容及要求

第一章：Ten Principles of Economics

1．1：How People Make Decisions

1．2：How People Interact

1．3：How the Economy as a Whole Works

KEY POINTS:

1. People face tradeoffs .The cost of any action is measured in terms

of forgone opportunities. Rational people think at the marginal. People respond to incentives.

2. Trade can be mutually beneficial. Markets are usually a good way

of coordinating trades among people. The government can potentially improve market outcomes.

3. Productivity is the ultimate source of living standards. Money

growth is the ultimate source of inflation. Society faces a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.

第二章：Thinking Like an Economist

2．1：The Economist as Scientist

2．2：The Economist as Policy Adviser

2．3：Why Economists Disagree

KEY POINTS:

1. Like all scientists, Economists make appropriate assumptions and build simplified models in order to understand the world around them.

2. The field of economics is divided into two subfields: microeconomics and macroeconomics.

3. A positive statement is an assertion about how the world is. A normative statement is an assertion about how the world ought to be.

4. Economists who advise policymakers offer conflicting advice either because of differences in scientific judgments or because of differences in values.

第三章：Interdependence and the Gains from Trade

3．1：A Parable for the Modern Economy

3．2：The Principle of Comparative Advantage

3．3：Applications of Comparative Advantage

KEY POINTS:

1. Interdependence and trade are desirable because they allow everyone to enjoy

a greater quantity and variety of goods and services.

2. There are two ways to compare the ability of two people in producing a good: absolute advantage and comparative advantage. The gains from trade are based on comparative advantage, not absolute advantage.

3. Trade makes everyone better off because it allows people to specialize in those activities in which they have a comparative advantage.

第四章：The Market Forces of Supply and Demand

4．1：Demand

4．2：Supply

4. 3: Supply and Demand Together

KEY POINTS:

1. The demand curve shows how the quantity of a good demanded depends on the price. In addition to price, other determinants of how much consumers want to buy include income, the prices of substitutes and complements, tastes, expectations, and the number of buyers.

2. The supply curve shows how the quantity of a good supplied depends on the price. In addition to price, other determinants of how much producers want to sell