修辞与翻译

文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译

文法决定译文“通不通”的问题；

逻辑决定译文“对不对”的问题；

修辞决定译文“好不好”的问题。

文法与翻译

打好语言基础，

狠抓基本功的训练。

The sentence fragment

A grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. Now this means simply that dependent units such as phrases, clauses, appositives and other such groups of words, are not sentences and should not be written as sentences. When any one of these dependent units is written and punctuated as a sentence it is called a sentence fragment.

Example 1:

Because we could see the obvious signs of destruction caused by the bomb here and there, which maintained the memory in people’s mind and let the misery and sadness everlasting.

改正：去掉句首的Because或者小写because并在该词前加逗号，跟上句连起来。Example 2:

The basketball game was cancelled. Because half of the players were in bed with the flu. 改正：The basketball game was cancelled because half of the players were in bed with the flu.

Example 3:

Looking out toward the horizon, she saw only the old cabin in which Mary had been born.

A single cottonwood that had escaped the drought. The apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie.

改正：改标点符号

Example 4:

With the knowledge that, although the documents have been stolen, they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent.

改正：We knew that…

Example 5:

She can quilt, remember the family tree so clearly, and never rejects their own culture. Whereas, Dee, once refused the quilts and never took her friends home.

The run-on sentence

A run-on sentence or a fused sentence put together two or more sentences with no mark of punctuation between them. When two complete sentences run together with only a comma between them, it is called a comma splice.

Example 1:

In Hiro shima, people don’t want to mention the very thing, such as, you will have a pain in a scar that hasn’t healed completely, if someone touch it.

改正：

Example 2:

Kimonos and miniskirts mixed in this city, and the traditional Japanese house and modern skyscrapers also co-exist in this city, they show that Hiroshima is thriving and developing rapidly

Example 3:

However, she is lack of education, she is lack of confidence, she represents the bottom class people in the society.

Example 4:

She is lack of education and refinement, however, those does not prevent her from having an inherent understanding of heritage based on her love and respect for those who came before her.

Example 5:

These snakes are dangerous however, most snakes are quite harmless.

改正：

Example 6:

The pollution became strategic and started to affect our human living, now we have to face the consequences.

后置、前置、倒装

“主语+谓语” 词序：word order

英语的“正常词序”(normal order)或“自然词序”(natural order)

除状语位置比较机动外，主语、谓语动词、宾语和补语的位置都是相对固定的。

这种词序的相对固定性转而又使某种打破常规改变词序的做法成为一种表示强调的手段。

后置Postponement

句尾焦点(end focus)

句尾重心(end weight)

Mr Smith is a friend of my father’s.

He smokes.

He smokes cigarettes.

He rested.

He took a rest.

The man shouted.