西方文明史希腊(英文教材)

Wuxi, and no leader above the King.
Early Cultures in Ancient Greece

Three main cultures
The Cycladic culture The Minoan culture The Mycenaean culture
a) b) c)
3.
What was the Greek word for King
a) b) c)
4.
Which one is not a Greek God?
a) b) c)
How Ancient Greece Happened
Not a floodplain country or river valley Mountains and sea Lots of little islands

The dark Age lasts for about 200 years
Population Increase in Ancient Greece
Ca. 700 BCE: Population increases Important consequences:

1. More villages, towns, and communication
Mainland – Ethnos Islands - Polis
Ethnos (same idea as before)
People lived spread out Villages and small towns United by common customs and a common religion

Agora – Market/meeting place
an important part in any Polis
Polis Government
Each city was independent Each city had its own form of leadership

King, oligarchy, democracy

Overpopulation Lack of sufficient food Internal warfare Trading restrictions (there were problems in Egypt and Mesopotamia which makes trading hard or impossible)
Polis (new idea)

People lived closer together in or around a main city
Provided protection Each city had a specific god ○ Athens – Athena ○ Olympia – Zeus ○ Corinth – Apollo

The Dark Age of Ancient Greece



Around 1200 BCE many mainland and island fortresses and cities are attacked and destroyed. Civilization disappears (art, architecture, writing…) Why?


Lots of opportunities for trade and business Cities and towns Peaceful (unfortified cities) Religion was heavily focused on female gods
○ Evidence of children sacrifice
No major towns Peaceful (unfortified settlements)
Religion was heavily focused on female
deities (gods)
The Minoan Culture (ca. 2000 BCE – ca. 1400 BCE)
Crete – Big island south of mainland Greece Important location because it lies in between the civilization of Mesopotamia and Egypt and the barbarian countries in the north and west
The Cycladic Culture (ca. 2500 BCE – ca. 1900 BCE)
The Cyclades – Group of islands First evidence of culture appears around the Mediterranean

Artistic people
between them
○ They start to share more ideas
2. Agriculture does not produce enough food 3. Greater division of labor (farmer, merchant,
artist, politician, stonemaker, baker…)
Greek Mainland (and eventually the islands) Much larger area than Cycladic and Minoan culture Mycenaean palaces were strongly walled fortresses (evidence of less peaceful times)

Ethnos Government

Oligarchy (rule by the few)
A small group of people who lead together ○ In Ancient Greece these leaders where important landowners
Stratified society (Rich, poor)
Art and Architecture in Minoan Culture

Knossos
Art just for the sake of art
The Mycenaean Culture (ca. 1600 BCE – ca. 1100 BCE)
Chapter 2
Quiz for Chapter 2
1.
The Chapter I read this week was
a) b) c)
1 2 3
Mycenaean Minoan Byzantine Tyrant Pharaoh Leader Zeus Freya Apollo
2.
wenku.baidu.com
Which culture was not mentioned in the chapter?

People need more organization or they will fall into another Dark Age!
Organization

Two different solutions are used to control the large populations

This made centralization difficult
Instead they developed City-States
A city that is independent from any other authority
If Wuxi were a City-state, there would be the King of