中世纪西欧的法治文化及其影响浅析

XX大学XX学院本科毕业论文中世纪西欧的法治文化及其影响浅析

作者 XX

系别法律系

专业法学

年级 XX级

学号 XX

指导教师

答辩日期

成绩

内容摘要

西方法治产生于希腊城邦对民主的向往与尝试之上，植根在罗马帝国的成文法之中，在教会神权的阴影下孕育着，冲破了中世纪的重重迷雾，最终在启蒙时代萌芽，在工业时代迅猛生长，并在全球化的世界里庇荫着大部分国家的法律文化。中国现当代的法律制度、法律分类与立法技术、司法手段等，几乎都是从西方借鉴和移植过来的。尤其自改革开放以来，越来越多的法律被从国外借鉴过来。为此，对西方法治文化的追源溯流，做出我们时代所需要的分析与评价，也就成了当今法治建设的基本功之一。本文意在探讨中世纪的西方法治文明历程，探讨西欧通往法治文明的道路，从而为当代中国特色社会主义法治文明的发展提供某种借鉴。

在西欧的中世纪里，为适应社会发展的需要，日耳曼法、教会法与罗马法三支完全不同的法律体系历史性地组合在一起，相互渗透与融合，形成了世俗法与宗教法并存的二元化格局，构成了英美法系和大陆法系的历史基础。本文中，我们将从三个角度来具体论述西欧中世纪法律体制：第一，中世纪法律的发展。叙述中世纪时期的法律环境的建立和变化；第二，中世纪法律的弊端，讨论当时法律制度的缺点和对后世的影响；第三，中世纪法律的变革。探讨中世纪末期的社会与法律制度的重大变革，归纳引起这些变化的内在原因。

关键词：中世纪，法治文化，法制建设，法律权威

Abstract

Western rule of law in the Greek city-states yearning for democracy and try the above, rooted in the enactment of the Roman Empire, under the shadow of the church theocracy breeds, broke through the mists of the Middle Ages, eventually sprout in the Age of Enlightenment, the industrial agethe rapid growth of the shade laws of most countries culture in a globalized world. Modern and Contemporary Chinese legal system, the legal classification and legislation, judicial means, almost all come from the West learn from and transplantation. Especially since the reform and opening up, more and more laws are borrowed from abroad over. To this end, traced back its history of Western culture of the rule of law, to make the analysis and evaluation of our times, it has become one of the basic skills of the rule of law today. This article is intended to explore the medieval Western civilization history of the rule of law, to explore the road leading to the rule of law and civilization of Western Europe, provide some sort of reference to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics Civilization.

In the Middle Ages in Western Europe, in order to meet the needs of social development, the historic Germanic law, canon law and Roman law three completely different legal system together, mutual penetration and integration, the formation of the coexistence of two of secular law and religious law diversified pattern, constitute the historical basis of the common law and civil law. In this paper, we have from three angles specifically addressed Western European medieval legal system: first, the development of medieval law. Described the establishment of the legal environment and changes in the Middle Ages; medieval legal malpractice, discuss the shortcomings of the legal system and the impact on future generations; medieval law change. Explore the major changes of the late middle ages, social and legal system, summed up the cause of the underlying causes of these changes.

Keywords: Middle Ages，the culture of the rule of law，legal system，the legal authority