such与so的区别

与名词连用的such和so

第一部分

such和so的用法非常复杂，这里只讨论与名词连用的such和so。形容词such和副词so 与名词连用时，它们都可以表示程度，意为“如此”、“这般”。其用法也比较复杂，近几年高考试题中常有针对这一考点的试题。现将其用法归纳如下：

1、这两个词都可与单数可数名词连用（这个名词前有形容词修饰），两者意思基本相同，只是不定冠词 a 的位置不同。如：

1）Tom has such a beautiful stamp . = Tom has so beautiful a stamp .

（汤姆有如此漂亮的一张邮票。）

2）He is such a kind man that he often help me . = He is so kind a man that he often help me .

（他真好，经常帮助我。）

3）He is such a famous singer that everyone knows him . = He is so famous a singer that everyone knows him .

（他是个如此著名的歌唱家，经致于每个人都认识他。）

2、如果被修饰的是不可数名词或可数名词的复数，就只能用such而不能用so 了。如：

1）It is such nice weather that I would like to go to the park .

（天气如此好以致于我想去公园了。）

weather 为不可数名词，前面只能用such 不能用so 。

2）They are such tall trees that nobody can climb up .

（这些树如此高以致于没人能爬上去。）

3）I must consider all such fresh possibilities .

（我必须考虑所有的这种新的可能性。）

以上两句中的 trees、possibilities 均为复数名词，前面也只能用 such 不能用so 。

3、如果复数名词之前有 many，few ；不可数名词之前有 much，little 等表示量多少的形容词时，就该用 so 而不用 such 了。如：

1）He bought so many books that she couldnt carry them home .

（他买了这么多书，以致于她不能带回家了。）

2）Ive had so many falls that Im black and blue all over .

（我摔了很多跤，全身被摔得青一块紫一块。）

3）There is so little ink in my pen that I cant go on writing .

（钢笔里只有如此少的墨水，以致于我不能接着写了。）

4）Mr White had so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together .

（怀特先生一个月挣的钱如此少，以致于难以维持活命。）

4、但是，如果 little 不是表示数量的“少”，而是表示“小”的意思，仍要用 such 。

如：

They were such little children that they cannot clean the house by themselves .

（这些孩子如此小，自己打扫不了房间。）

第二部分

such和so两个单词的中文意思相近，学生在使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，两个单词的词性不同；such为形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要用来修饰名词；例如：

No such thing has ever happened.

I have never seen such a beautiful place before.

而so是副词，意思为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，主要用来修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：

Last time I saw him he was so fat!

He was not so much angry as disappointed.

但是，such和so都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。

一、后接可数名词的单数形式

1、直接跟名词时，用such；例如：

However did you make such a mistake?

I have never heard of such a thing.

Why are you in such a hurry?

注意：当such前面有no时，必须省去不定冠词a(an)，因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于not such a(an)；例如：

I have no such book. (= I haven’t such a book.)

2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可以用so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，例如：

I have never seen such a tall man.

I have never seen so tall a man.

He is not such a clever boy as his brother.

He is not so clever a boy as his brother.

二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，例如：

Such things often happen in our daily life.

Such people are dangerous.

Whales are such smart animals that they communicate with each other.

He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.

三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such，例如：