英汉句法结构对比PPT课件
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------屋子是杰克盖的。
Example I
The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.
你答应了帮他就应当帮助他。
You should help him since you promised to do so.
More
任何人不得将个人利益置于国家利益和 社会利益之上。
Nobody shall place his own interests above
those of the state and the society. 南北问题尖锐地摆在我们的面前，解决发展问
China consistently stands for disarmament and is opposed to all kinds of arms race,
whether it is conventional or nuclear, on the
ground or in outer space.
1826年杰斐逊逝世.按他生前遗愿,在他墓 地的石碑上刻着:独立宣言的作者,弗吉利 亚大学创建人之墓.
替代与重复
这是英语和汉语的一个重要差异： 英语重替代（即多用代词，包括 人称代词、指示代词、不定代词 和关系代词，还有表示替代的词 so, do）；汉语重重复，重复现 象比比皆是。
Examples review
Some further thoughts
四字格 汉语中有大量的四字词组。四字格的特点是：内容言 简意赅，形式整齐划一，语音顺口悦耳，表达效果形 象生动．
e.g.
But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨,人人皆知了。
因此，翻译时要注意树状与竹状结构 间的转化．
We have learned…
This is the cat.
This is the cat that killed the rat.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
形合与意合
英语句子中各成分的相互结合多 用适当的连接词语，而中文句子 则多依靠语义的贯通，语境的映 衬，少用连接词。即英文重形合， 中文重意和。所以，在翻译中， 要注意增减连接词。
月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长 着大树，有大象在跑来跑去，我们用已 经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也看不到它 们．
Example II
Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the father of the University of Virginia.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
这就是那只猫。
这就是那只捉住了老 鼠的猫。
---老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 ---老鼠偷吃了放在屋
里的蛋糕。
弃）。 I congratulate myself on my narrow escape.
我庆幸自己死里逃生。 我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富
丽堂皇。
The carpets made in our factory are beautiful and magnificent for their novel designs and elegant colors.
题与解决和平问题同等迫切重要。
The North-South relations have become an
acute issue. To seek development and peace are equally urgent and important
tasks.
Go on…
中国一贯主张裁军，反对一切军备竞赛，既反 对常规军备竞赛，更反对核军备竞赛；既反对 地面上的军备竞赛，也反对在太空进行的军备 竞赛。
我们的民族是一个伟大的民族。
Ours is a great nation/ our nation is great one.
革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。
Revolution means the emancipation of the productive force, and so does reform.
英汉思维的差异
抽象思维与形象思维 直线思维与曲线思维 复杂与简约 主体突出与主客体交错 树状与竹状 替代与重复 形合与意合 静态与动态 主语与主题
树状与竹状
英语句子是树状结构，主干如树干， 各种成分一个一个挂靠上去，枝繁叶 茂；
而汉语句子是竹状结构，按时间或逻 辑顺序，层层铺开，一节节连下去。
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡,直言无隐。
2.
Each one must do his utmost or the labor of all is vain.
每个人都必须竭尽全力，否则就会徒劳无益（前功尽
Example I
The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have been invented.
你答应了帮他就应当帮助他。
You should help him since you promised to do so.
More
任何人不得将个人利益置于国家利益和 社会利益之上。
Nobody shall place his own interests above
those of the state and the society. 南北问题尖锐地摆在我们的面前，解决发展问
China consistently stands for disarmament and is opposed to all kinds of arms race,
whether it is conventional or nuclear, on the
ground or in outer space.
1826年杰斐逊逝世.按他生前遗愿,在他墓 地的石碑上刻着:独立宣言的作者,弗吉利 亚大学创建人之墓.
替代与重复
这是英语和汉语的一个重要差异： 英语重替代（即多用代词，包括 人称代词、指示代词、不定代词 和关系代词，还有表示替代的词 so, do）；汉语重重复，重复现 象比比皆是。
Examples review
Some further thoughts
四字格 汉语中有大量的四字词组。四字格的特点是：内容言 简意赅，形式整齐划一，语音顺口悦耳，表达效果形 象生动．
e.g.
But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已经搞得满城风雨,人人皆知了。
因此，翻译时要注意树状与竹状结构 间的转化．
We have learned…
This is the cat.
This is the cat that killed the rat.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
形合与意合
英语句子中各成分的相互结合多 用适当的连接词语，而中文句子 则多依靠语义的贯通，语境的映 衬，少用连接词。即英文重形合， 中文重意和。所以，在翻译中， 要注意增减连接词。
月球离地球非常遥远，即使那边山上长 着大树，有大象在跑来跑去，我们用已 经发明的最高倍率的望远镜也看不到它 们．
Example II
Upon his death in 1826, Jefferson was buried under a stone which described him as he had wished to be remembered as the author of the Declaration on Independence and the father of the University of Virginia.
This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built.
这就是那只猫。
这就是那只捉住了老 鼠的猫。
---老鼠偷吃了蛋糕。 ---老鼠偷吃了放在屋
里的蛋糕。
弃）。 I congratulate myself on my narrow escape.
我庆幸自己死里逃生。 我厂生产的地毯图案新颖、色调雅致、美丽大方、富
丽堂皇。
The carpets made in our factory are beautiful and magnificent for their novel designs and elegant colors.
题与解决和平问题同等迫切重要。
The North-South relations have become an
acute issue. To seek development and peace are equally urgent and important
tasks.
Go on…
中国一贯主张裁军，反对一切军备竞赛，既反 对常规军备竞赛，更反对核军备竞赛；既反对 地面上的军备竞赛，也反对在太空进行的军备 竞赛。
我们的民族是一个伟大的民族。
Ours is a great nation/ our nation is great one.
革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。
Revolution means the emancipation of the productive force, and so does reform.
英汉思维的差异
抽象思维与形象思维 直线思维与曲线思维 复杂与简约 主体突出与主客体交错 树状与竹状 替代与重复 形合与意合 静态与动态 主语与主题
树状与竹状
英语句子是树状结构，主干如树干， 各种成分一个一个挂靠上去，枝繁叶 茂；
而汉语句子是竹状结构，按时间或逻 辑顺序，层层铺开，一节节连下去。
I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡,直言无隐。
2.
Each one must do his utmost or the labor of all is vain.
每个人都必须竭尽全力，否则就会徒劳无益（前功尽