初高中衔接英语词性的分类导学案

英语词性的分类及用法

Learning content: the classification and use of English words (英语词性的分类及用法) Learning aims: Know the different parts of speech(词性) and be able to use them correctly.

【考一考】用所给单词的适当形式填空。

1.Li Na is an outstanding tennis _______ (play).

2.Anna had a fever yesterday, so she was _______ (able) to go to school.

3.The movie was interesting, but Grace was not _______ (interest) in it.

4.Thanks to your _______ (suggest), I got to complete the job in time.

5.It is always _______ (sun) here in winter.

6.Emily used to be short, but now she is much ______ (tall).

7.I was so hungry that I had a ______ (three) bowl of rice.

8.We can’t go out to have a picnic because it is raining _______ (heavy) outside.

9.Justin Bieber’s first single, One Time, is about one of his favorite _______ (topic), puppy love.

10.Niushou Hill is an area of natural _________ (beautiful). It attracts lots of tourists every spring. 【讲一讲】概述英语的词类

英语的词类通常可以分为十大类：

1 名词n. teacher, book 。表示人或事物的名称。

2 代词pron. we ,me, he 等。代替名词或数词。

3 数词num. two, fifth 等。表示数目或顺序

4 动词v. work, study, live 等。表示动作或状态在句中可做谓语。

5 形容词adj. good, big, beautiful 等。表示人或事物的性质或状态，

6 副词adv . fast, quickly 表示动作特征或形状特征

7 冠词art. a, an, the 表示名词的泛指或特指

8 介词prep. In, on,by,with

9 连词 conj. and,if, but连接词，短语，句子

10 感叹词interj. Oh, ah，My God! 表示说话者的感情或口气

一、名词

（一）名词的分类

(1) 一般在复数名词后加“s”: 如：dog –dogs book –books

(2) 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加“es”：box –boxes watch –watches

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加“es”:

country –countries factory –factories dictionary—dictionaries

(4) 以o结尾的名词加“s”:

有生命的物体加“es”: potato–potatoes tomato–tomatoes

hero---heroes英雄Negro—Negroes 黑人

(5) 以f、fe 结尾的名词,变f、fe 为v再加“es”:

half–halves shelf–shelves knife–knives leaf–leaves

复数的不规则变化：

man--men woman—women tooth—teeth foot—feet goose—geese mouse—mice Chinese-Chinese Japanese –Japanese deer-deer fish-fish sheep-sheep

a man doctor— men doctors a woman teacher--women teachers

注意：German---Germans(德国人)

（三）名词的句法功能

1 在句中作主语This book is very useful.

2 作表语My brother is a worker.

3 作宾语或宾语补足语We made Tom our monitor.

4 作定语He got three gold medals at 23rd Olympic Games.

5 作状语The meeting lasted two hours.

6 作同位语Mr. Smith,our leader, is speaking now.

【练一练】用所给的名词的适当形式填空

1.A group of _____(sheep) are eating _____(grass) and ______(leaf) at the foot of the hill.

2.There are a few ______________ (people) in the room.

3.I want two ______________ (glass) of ______________ (milk).

4.I have a lot of ______________ (money) in my pocket.

5.People wear shoes on their ______________ (foot).

6.The ______________ (woman) teachers are playing basketball.

7.The first room is the ______________ (teacher) office.

8.Those ______________ (child) are playing football outside.

9.The doctor has saved a lot of ______________ (life).

10.There are five ______________ (pear) trees in the yard.

11.This isn’t my book, but my ______________ (brother).

12.There are some ______________ (sheep) in the field.

二. 代词

（一）．含义：用来代替名词或名词短语的词。

（二）．分类：按意义特征和语法功能可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词等9类。（三）. 分类讲解：

1. 人称代词：形式

主语I you he she it we you（你们）they

宾语me you him her it us you（你们）them

2. 物主代词的用法：

形容词性的物主代词：my our your your his her its theirs

名词性的物主代词：mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs

3. 指示代词：this these that those it

4. 不定代词只修饰可数名词: many, a number of few, a few