第十讲 特殊句式(倒装,省略,主谓一致等M4 U1

第十讲特殊句式（倒装，省略，主谓一致等）

1．完全倒装

(1)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, now, then, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the wall等，置于句首时，完全倒装。

John opened the door. There stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

[点津]上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则主谓语不用倒装。

Away they went.他们走了。

(2)表语位于句首时，其倒装结构为“表语＋连系动词＋主语”。

Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许多来自中国的科学家出席了会议。

Gone are the days when we were poor.我们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。

2．部分倒装

(1)only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句，且放在句首时。

Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.(摘自2011湖南高考)

直到他们把那个问题讨论了几个小时之后才作出决定。

(2)否定副词never, nor, not, hardly, little, seldom, scarcely, rarely及表否定意义的介词短语at no time, under/in no circumstances, in no case, by no means, on no condition等置于句首时。

Not until he left his home did he begin to know how important the family was for him.(摘自2010江西高考)

直到他离开了家，他才开始知道家庭对他来说有多么重要。

(3)hardly ...when ..., no sooner ...than ..., not only ...but also ...等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。

Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.一听到这个消息他就哭了。

The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only was teachers' energy saved, but students became more interested in the lessons. 电脑被应用于教学中，结果，不仅节省了老师的精力，学生也对课堂感兴趣了。(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也(不)”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，要用部分倒装，其句型为：so/neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语……。

Since my return to China, I haven't seen my host mother in America, nor have I heard from her.

自从我回到中国之后就没有见过我在美国的房东妈妈，也没有收到她的来信。

[点津]so表示“是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。

—It is too hot. ——天太热了。

—So it is. ——是啊，的确很热。

(5)在so ...that ...和such ...that ...句式中，如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。

So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以致于一句话也说不出来。

Such great progress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以致于受到了表扬。

(6)as, though引导让步状语从句时，可将表语、状语或谓语动词提前，构成倒装。句式为：表语、状语或动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他。

Unsatisfied though he was with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.(摘自2009重庆高考) 虽然他对那份工作的报酬不满意，但是为了得到一些工作经验他还是接受了。

Much as he likes the car, he can't afford it.尽管他很喜欢这辆车，但他买不起。

1．The notice says that only when your identity has been checked ________________. (allow)

通知写到：只有当身份得到核实时才能允许你进来。答案：will you be allowed in

2．We laugh at jokes, but seldom ______________________ about how they work.(think)

听到笑话我们会大笑，但是我们很少思考他们是怎样起作用的。答案：do we think

1．强调句型

结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that ＋其他部分。如果被强调的部分是人，可用who代替that。

(1)时态的运用：强调句中的时态要根据原句的时态来确定用is 还是was。即原句为过去的某种时态，则强调